Urologic DisordersNCT06976567
Telemedicine for Urologic Care in Rural Nigeria
A study testing Telemedicine for urology consultations in people with Urologic Disorders, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in Nigeria.
Trial summary
Access to urologic care in rural Nigeria is not as robust as it needs to be given the size of the population. This study will employ two research groups in rural Northern Nigeria. One group will receive urologic care via standard, in-person consultation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Urologic Disorders
- What is being tested?
- Telemedicine for urology consultations
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 220 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNigeria
- Study dates
- 23 Jun 2025to 12 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults (at least 18 years old, any gender) that reside in rural Kaduna State.
- Present to primary clinics with an active urologic chief complaint(s), either surgical or non-surgical in nature.
Who cannot join
- Children (<18 years old).
- Individuals who do not live in rural Kaduna State localities.
- Those experiencing urologic emergencies.
- Those who do not present with any urologic chief complaints defined as the primary reason the patient is seeking medical care.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: eUrologic Care in Nigeria: Increasing Access to Urologic Care for Rural Nigerians Using Telemedicine
Access to urologic care in rural Nigeria is not as robust as it needs to be given the size of the population. This study will employ two research groups in rural Northern Nigeria. One group will receive urologic care via standard, in-person consultation. The second group will receive urologic care via telemedicine consultation. The main aim of this study is to assess whether telemedicine improves access to urologic care in these populations. Secondly, the investigators will assess patient satisfaction with their intervention via survey data.
Read the detailed description
This is a multi-center study that will be using three primary care rural clinics in Kaduna State, Nigeria and a tertiary care hospital. These clinics were chosen based upon previous studies that have been conducted using them. Further, these sites were chosen for their relative frequency of patients presenting with urologic complaints. The clinics feature a primary doctor that fields urologic concerns and refers them to the main tertiary care center in Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. These clinics are in rural localities throughout the state, ensuring a broad representation of the study participant population.
Methods for telemedicine implementation have been discussed. The interventions will take place in the rural clinics and not at patients' homes given the clinics' reliable internet capabilities and for the consultations to be standardized. Our collaborators in Nigeria have been conducting an ongoing series of site visits to rural clinics in the proposed catchment area to assess for telemedicine capacity and any upgrades needed to make the rural clinics telemedicine capable.
The post-intervention survey will begin by collecting demographic variables such as age, gender, location of inhabitance, income, employment status, and ethnic group (due to the presence of many major and minor ethnic groups in Nigeria). Next, the survey will ask about patient experiences with ease of consultation, ease of travel, and the urologist's timeliness and responsiveness. Finally, the survey will ask about the cost and distance of travel for the urologic consultation, the time from initial presentation to the urology consultation, and patient satisfaction with care. A Likert scale will be employed for the ordinal variables, whereas patients will be able to manually enter estimates for continuous variables. Data from the RedCAP surveys will be securely stored in the research academic environment, allowing for data privacy.
Potential confounding variables, such as many of the demographic variables, will be addressed in the data analysis phase through stratification. Data will be analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests for the specific variables; Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests will be used for categorical and binary variables, whereas T tests will be used for continuous variables. Multivariable generalized linear mixed effects regression models will be calculated with time to consultation as the primary outcome. The primary predictor in these models will be telemedicine consult compared to non-telemedicine consult. Potential confounding variables will be added including patient age, sex, location, ethnicity. Statistical significance will be defined by alpha > 0.05. All statistical testing will be completed using R and/or Stata.
- Conditions
- Urologic Disorders
- Being tested
- Telemedicine for urology consultations
- Keywords
- telemedicine, urologic care, health access
- Medical subject headings
- Urologic Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Telemedicine for urology consultationsDevice
Also called Telemedicine Consultation
The patients that are assigned to the intervention group will receive a virtual urology consultation with urologists from Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria as opposed to physically presenting for the consultation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Telemedicine Group | Experimental | This group will engage in their urology consultation virtually. Receives: Device: Telemedicine for urology consultations |
| Standard of Care Group | No intervention | This group will receive an in-person urologic consultation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Time-to- Consultation
The time-to-urology consultation will be the primary outcome for this study. Essentially, the study will compare the time it takes for patients in either group to engage with a urologist. This measure was used in determining the power of the study.
Measured: From enrollment to completion of post-consultation survey, which is 7 months.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 May 2025
- Study start23 Jun 2025
- Primary completion12 Sep 2025
- Study completion12 Sep 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Urologic DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, San FranciscoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 220 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- David Bayne, MD, Principal investigator, University of California, San Francisco
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06976567
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 25-43940
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 11 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gaglio B, Shoup JA, Glasgow RE. The RE-AIM framework: a systematic review of use over time. Am J Public Health. 2013 Jun;103(6):e38-46. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301299. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
PubMed 23597377Muili AO, Mustapha MJ, Offor MC, Oladipo HJ. Emerging roles of telemedicine in dementia treatment and care. Dement Neuropsychol. 2023 May 29;17:e20220066. doi: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0066. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37261258Aronu NI, Atama CS, Chukwu NE, Ijeoma I. Socioeconomic Dynamics in Women's Access and Utilization of Health Technologies in Rural Nigeria. Community Health Equity Res Policy. 2022 Jan;42(2):225-232. doi: 10.1177/0272684X20972643. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
PubMed 33241987Doraiswamy S, Abraham A, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Use of Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Dec 1;22(12):e24087. doi: 10.2196/24087.
PubMed 33147166Mahar JH, Rosencrance JG, Rasmussen PA. Telemedicine: Past, present, and future. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018 Dec;85(12):938-942. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.17062. No abstract available.
PubMed 30526749Brimmo FO, Babatunde AO, Ezefuna NN, Kanu MS, Biziyaremye P. The need for more medical schools in medically underserved regions in Africa. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 17;84:104967. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104967. eCollection 2022 Dec.
PubMed 36426098Aslam MZ, Trail M, Cassell AK 3rd, Khan AB, Payne S. Establishing a sustainable healthcare environment in low- and middle-income countries. BJU Int. 2022 Feb;129(2):134-142. doi: 10.1111/bju.15659. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
PubMed 34837300Peters DH, Garg A, Bloom G, Walker DG, Brieger WR, Rahman MH. Poverty and access to health care in developing countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:161-71. doi: 10.1196/annals.1425.011. Epub 2007 Oct 22.
PubMed 17954679
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- eUrologic Care in Nigeria: Increasing Access to Urologic Care for Rural Nigerians Using Telemedicine
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06976567
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 25-43940
- Conditions
- Urologic Disorders
- Keywords
- telemedicine, urologic care, health access
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 220 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San FranciscoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 12 Sep 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 May 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Access to urologic care in rural Nigeria is not as robust as it needs to be given the size of the population. This study will employ two research groups in rural Northern Nigeria. One group will receive urologic care via standard, in-person consultation. The second group will receive urologic care via telemedicine consultation. The main aim of this study is to assess whether telemedicine improves access to urologic care in these populations. Secondly, the investigators will assess patient satisfaction with their intervention via survey data.
Detailed description
This is a multi-center study that will be using three primary care rural clinics in Kaduna State, Nigeria and a tertiary care hospital. These clinics were chosen based upon previous studies that have been conducted using them. Further, these sites were chosen for their relative frequency of patients presenting with urologic complaints. The clinics feature a primary doctor that fields urologic concerns and refers them to the main tertiary care center in Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. These clinics are in rural localities throughout the state, ensuring a broad representation of the study participant population.
Methods for telemedicine implementation have been discussed. The interventions will take place in the rural clinics and not at patients' homes given the clinics' reliable internet capabilities and for the consultations to be standardized. Our collaborators in Nigeria have been conducting an ongoing series of site visits to rural clinics in the proposed catchment area to assess for telemedicine capacity and any upgrades needed to make the rural clinics telemedicine capable.
The post-intervention survey will begin by collecting demographic variables such as age, gender, location of inhabitance, income, employment status, and ethnic group (due to the presence of many major and minor ethnic groups in Nigeria). Next, the survey will ask about patient experiences with ease of consultation, ease of travel, and the urologist's timeliness and responsiveness. Finally, the survey will ask about the cost and distance of travel for the urologic consultation, the time from initial presentation to the urology consultation, and patient satisfaction with care. A Likert scale will be employed for the ordinal variables, whereas patients will be able to manually enter estimates for continuous variables. Data from the RedCAP surveys will be securely stored in the research academic environment, allowing for data privacy.
Potential confounding variables, such as many of the demographic variables, will be addressed in the data analysis phase through stratification. Data will be analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests for the specific variables; Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests will be used for categorical and binary variables, whereas T tests will be used for continuous variables. Multivariable generalized linear mixed effects regression models will be calculated with time to consultation as the primary outcome. The primary predictor in these models will be telemedicine consult compared to non-telemedicine consult. Potential confounding variables will be added including patient age, sex, location, ethnicity. Statistical significance will be defined by alpha > 0.05. All statistical testing will be completed using R and/or Stata.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Telemedicine Group | Experimental | Device: Telemedicine for urology consultationsThis group will engage in their urology consultation virtually. |
| Standard of Care Group | No intervention | –This group will receive an in-person urologic consultation |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Adults (at least 18 years old, any gender) that reside in rural Kaduna State.
- Present to primary clinics with an active urologic chief complaint(s), either surgical or non-surgical in nature.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Children (<18 years old).
- Individuals who do not live in rural Kaduna State localities.
- Those experiencing urologic emergencies.
- Those who do not present with any urologic chief complaints defined as the primary reason the patient is seeking medical care.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Telemedicine for urology consultationsAlso: Telemedicine ConsultationThe patients that are assigned to the intervention group will receive a virtual urology consultation with urologists from Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria as opposed to physically presenting for the consultation. | Device | Telemedicine Group |
Primary outcome
Time-to- Consultation
Time frame: From enrollment to completion of post-consultation survey, which is 7 months.
The time-to-urology consultation will be the primary outcome for this study. Essentially, the study will compare the time it takes for patients in either group to engage with a urologist. This measure was used in determining the power of the study.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 23597377Gaglio B, Shoup JA, Glasgow RE. The RE-AIM framework: a systematic review of use over time. Am J Public Health. 2013 Jun;103(6):e38-46. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301299. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
- Background: PubMed 37261258Muili AO, Mustapha MJ, Offor MC, Oladipo HJ. Emerging roles of telemedicine in dementia treatment and care. Dement Neuropsychol. 2023 May 29;17:e20220066. doi: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2022-0066. eCollection 2023.
- Background: PubMed 33241987Aronu NI, Atama CS, Chukwu NE, Ijeoma I. Socioeconomic Dynamics in Women's Access and Utilization of Health Technologies in Rural Nigeria. Community Health Equity Res Policy. 2022 Jan;42(2):225-232. doi: 10.1177/0272684X20972643. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
- Background: PubMed 33147166Doraiswamy S, Abraham A, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Use of Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Dec 1;22(12):e24087. doi: 10.2196/24087.
- Background: PubMed 30526749Mahar JH, Rosencrance JG, Rasmussen PA. Telemedicine: Past, present, and future. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018 Dec;85(12):938-942. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.17062. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 36426098Brimmo FO, Babatunde AO, Ezefuna NN, Kanu MS, Biziyaremye P. The need for more medical schools in medically underserved regions in Africa. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Nov 17;84:104967. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104967. eCollection 2022 Dec.
- Background: PubMed 34837300Aslam MZ, Trail M, Cassell AK 3rd, Khan AB, Payne S. Establishing a sustainable healthcare environment in low- and middle-income countries. BJU Int. 2022 Feb;129(2):134-142. doi: 10.1111/bju.15659. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
- Background: PubMed 17954679Peters DH, Garg A, Bloom G, Walker DG, Brieger WR, Rahman MH. Poverty and access to health care in developing countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:161-71. doi: 10.1196/annals.1425.011. Epub 2007 Oct 22.
- Sample size calculation tool used to determine the study's sample size.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Urologic Disorders
RecruitingPhase 1/2
Study of INBRX-106 and INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (Hexavalent OX40 Agonist)
Solid Tumor, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
RecruitingObservational study
Population Pharmacokinetics of Temocillin in Acute Enterobacterial Pyelonephritis in Children
Pyelonephritis
Active, not recruitingPhase 3
A Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) in Combination With Lenvatinib Versus Cabozantinib for Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma (MK-6482-011)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
Recruiting
Safety and Performance of UCon Patch Electrode
Urinary Incontinence, Urinary Incontinence, Urge
Active, not recruitingPhase 2
Safety and Efficacy of Empagliflozin in Hemodialysis
End Stage Renal Disease
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
David Bayne, MD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Telemedicine for urology consultations in people with Urologic Disorders, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in Nigeria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Nigeria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Time-to- Consultation (time frame: From enrollment to completion of post-consultation survey, which is 7 months.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06976567, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 May 2026.