AzTrials
AzTrials

Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC)CHOCNCT06990659

Outpatient Versus Inpatient Care Pathway for Intra-arterial Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (CHOC)

A study testing Ambulatory care and Conventional inpatient care in people with Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma, run by University Hospital, Angers at 19 sites in France.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record

Search all trials

Trial summary

Randomized multicentre trial comparing two care organisations (ambulatory vs conventional inpatient) for patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE) for primary liver cancer (Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA)). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Ambulatory care and Conventional inpatient care
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
206 participants
Where
19 sitesFrance
Study dates
18 Dec 2025to 17 Dec 2028
Phase
Interventional

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age ≥ 18 years
  • HCC or iCCA diagnosed according to the criteria of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (2024) or histologically proven.
  • Patient with HCC or iCCA eligible for intra-arterial treatment (transarterial chemoembolization [TACE] or transarterial radioembolization [TARE]), with no prior intra-arterial treatment of the same type as the one planned in the trial:
  • no prior TACE for patients included for TACE;
  • no prior TARE for patients included for TARE. Prior intra-arterial treatment of the other type is allowed (prior TACE before TARE, or prior TARE before TACE). Prior non-intra-arterial treatments are allowed.
  • If TACE is proposed at the multidisciplinary tumour board (RCP):
Show all 16Show fewer
  • Patient Child-Pugh < B8
  • Single or multiple HCC
  • Absence of lobar or truncal portal obstruction
  • Absence of bile duct dilatation
  • If treatment by TARE proposed in RCP:
  • Absence of truncal portal tumor invasion
  • Uni-lobar tumor invasion (except for centrohepatic iCCA)
  • Total bilirubin < 20 mg/l (or 35 µmol/L)
  • Patient affiliated to or benefiting from a social security scheme
  • Patient having signed an informed consent form

Who cannot join

  • Technical contraindication or morphological elements of predictable technical difficulty
  • Planned combined same-day therapeutic strategies at the index procedure (e.g., TACE combined with percutaneous ablation) are not allowed; sequential (non-same-day) treatments are allowed.
  • Chronic renal insufficiency (Clairance < 30 ml/min)
  • Known allergy to a contrast agent or chemotherapy agent
  • inability to participate in ambulatory care (inability to understand and follow discharge instructions, lack of reliable telephone access, absence of a responsible accompanying adult for the first night after discharge, or inability to access urgent care in a timely manner if symptoms occur)
  • Patient previously included in the study
Show all 14Show fewer
  • Patient who, for psychological, social, family or geographical reasons, could not be regularly monitored, patient who, for psychological, social, family or geographical reasons, could not be followed regularly
  • Concomitant disease or severe uncontrolled clinical situation
  • Severe uncontrolled infection
  • Pregnant, breast-feeding or parturient woman
  • Person deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision
  • Person under compulsory psychiatric care
  • Person under a legal protection measure
  • Person unable to give consent

Trial locations and contacts

19 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

19 sites in 1 country

France19 sites, 19 recruiting
  • University hospital of Amiens

    Amiens, 80054

    Thierry YZET, Dr, +33(0)32 208 7536, Yzet.Thierry@chu-amiens.fr

    Eric NGUYEN-KHAC, Pr, +33(0)32 208 8851, nguyen-khac.eric@chu-amiens.fr

    Recruiting
  • University hospital of Angers

    Angers, 49933

    Christophe AUBE, Pr, +33(0)24 135 4281, chaube@chu-angers.fr

    Frédéric OBERTI, Pr, +33(0)24 135 4670, FrOberti@chu-angers.fr

    Recruiting
  • University hospital of Besançon

    Besançon, 25030

    Paul CALAME, Dr, +33(0)38 166 8244, calame.paul@gmail.com

    Carine RICHOU, Dr, +33(0)38 166 8020, crichou@chu-besancon.fr

    Recruiting
  • Hospital of Avicennes (AP-HP)

    Bobigny

    Olivier SUTTER, Dr, +33(0)14 895 5555, olivier.sutter@aphp.fr

    Nathalie GANNE, Pr, +33(0)14 802 6280, nathalie.ganne@aphp.fr

    Recruiting
  • University hospital of Brest

    Brest, 29609

    Jean-Romain RISSON, Dr, +33(0)29 834 7476, jean-romain.risson@chu-brest.fr

    Florence TANNE, Dr, +33(0)29 814 5216, florence.tanne@chu-brest.fr

    Recruiting
  • Hospital of Beaujon (AP-HP)

    Clichy, 92110

    Jules GREGORY, Dr, +33(0)14 087 5344, jules.gregory@aphp.fr

    Mohamed BOUATTOUR, Dr, +33(0)14 087 5614, mohamed.Bouattour@aphp.fr

    Recruiting
  • Hospital of Vendée

    La Roche-sur-Yon, 85925

    Nadia MOUSSA, Dr, +33(0)25 144 6049, nadia.moussa@ght85.fr

    Paul GIROT, Dr, +33(0)25 144 6168, paul.girot@ght85.fr

    Recruiting
  • University hospital of Grenoble-Alpes

    La Tronche, 38700

    Julien GHELFI, Dr, +33(0)47 676 7575, jghelfi@chu-grenoble.fr

    Thomas DECAENS, Pr, +33(0)47 676 6739, tdecaens@chu-grenoble.fr

    Recruiting
  • University hospital of Marseille (AP-HM)

    Marseille, 13005

    Farouk TRADI, Dr, +33(0) 413 429 083, farouk.tradi@ap-hm.fr

    René GEROLAMI, Pr, +33(0) 491 388 645, rene.gerolami@ap-hm.fr

    Recruiting
  • Saint-Joseph Hospital

    Marseille, 13008

    Xavier ADHOUTE, Dr, +33(0) 491 808 213, xadhoute@hopital-saint-joseph.fr

    Recruiting
  • University hospital of Montpellier

    Montpellier, 34090

    Boris GUIU, Pr, +33(0)46 733 7546, b-guiu@chu-montpellier.fr

    Georges-Philippe PAGEAUX, Pr, +33(0)46 733 7081, gp-pageaux@chu-montpellier.fr

    Not yet recruiting
  • University hospital of Nantes

    Nantes, 44093

    Mathieu ROSTAM, Dr, +33(0)240 083 333, mathieu.rostam@chu-nantes.fr

    Not yet recruiting
  • University hospital of Nice

    Nice, 06202

    Patrick CHEVALLIER, Dr, +33(0)49 203 6350, chevallier.p@chu-nice.fr

    Rodolphe ANTY, Pr, +33(0)49 203 5943, Anty.r@chu-nice.fr

    Recruiting
  • Saint-Antoine Hospital (AP-HP)

    Paris, 75012

    Lorenzo GARZELLI, Dr, +33(0) 642 530 068, lorenzo.garzelli@aphp.fr

    Marie LEQUOY, Dr, +33(0) 149 283 398, marie.lequoy@aphp.fr

    Recruiting
  • Hospital of Pitié-Salpétrière (AP-HP)

    Paris, 75013

    Charles ROUX, Dr, +33(0)14 216 5545, charles.roux@aphp.fr

    Manon ALLAIRE, Dr, +33(0)62 569 6988, manon.allaire@aphp.fr

    Recruiting
  • Hospital of Cochin (AP-HP)

    Paris, 75014

    BARAT Maxime, Dr, +33(0)15 841 2469, maxime.barat@aphp.fr

    POL Stanislas, Dr, +33(0)15 841 3101, stanislas.pol@aphp.fr

    Recruiting
  • Univesity hospital of Bordeaux

    Pessac, 33607

    Panteleimon PAPADOPOULOS, Dr, +33(0)55 679 5679, panteleimon.papadopoulos@chu-bordeaux.fr

    Jean-Frédéric BLANC, Pr, +33(0)55 765 6439, jean-frederic.blanc@chu-bordeaux.fr

    Not yet recruiting
  • University hospital of Toulouse

    Toulouse, 31059

    Fatima MOKRANE, Pr, +33(0) 561 322 851, mokrane.fz@chu-toulouse.fr

    Jean-Marie PERON, Pr, +33(0) 561 323 414, peron.jm@chu-toulouse.fr

    Recruiting
  • Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)

    Villejuif, 94805

    Paul BEUNON, Dr, +33(0)14 211 5428, paul.beunon@gustaveroussy.fr

    Valérie BOIGE, Dr, +33(0)14 211 4289, valerie.boige@gustaveroussy.fr

    Recruiting

Other trials in France

About this study

Official title: CHOC - Implementation and Evaluation of an Ambulatory Care Pathway for Intra-arterial Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer: Study Protocol for a Multicentre Randomised Controlled Hybrid Type 1 Trial Implémentation et évaluation d'un Parcours de Soin Ambulatoire Pour Les Patients traités Par Voie Intra-artérielle d'un Cancer Primitif du Foie : Essai Multicentrique contrôlé randomisé

Randomized multicentre trial comparing two care organisations (ambulatory vs conventional inpatient) for patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE) for primary liver cancer (Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA)). Patients are followed for 7 months to assess patient satisfaction, safety and clinical outcomes. A qualitative implementation study and a medico-economic evaluation (cost analysis and 5-years budget impact analysis) are embedded to assess acceptability, adoption, feasability, and sustainability and to inform scaling.

Being tested
Ambulatory care, Conventional inpatient care
Keywords
ambulatory care, hospitalization, Hepato cellular carcinoma, Patient satisfaction, randomized trial, chemoembolization, radioembolization, Intrahepatic, Cholangiocarcinoma, Primary liver cancer
Medical subject headings
Cholangiocarcinoma, Patient Satisfaction, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Ambulatory careOther

    Patients with Hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC) and Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are managed on an outpatient basis: hospitalization in an outpatient unit, followed by systematic telephone and on-demand nursing follow-up for 48 hours for TARE and 72 hours for TACE. A dedicated re-hospitalization circuit has also been set up in the event of complications.

  • Conventional inpatient careOther

    Patients with Hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC) and Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are managed on an inpatient basis: conventional hospitalization.

Study groups in NCT06990659
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Arm Ambulatory careExperimentalAmbulatory care : Outpatient management of radiological treatment for HCC and iCCA
Receives: Other: Ambulatory care
Arm Conventional inpatient careOtherConventional inpatient care : Conventional inpatient management for radiological treatment of HCC and iCCA
Receives: Other: Conventional inpatient care

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Overall patient satisfaction

    EORTC PATSAT-C33 questionnaire. All items are scored 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent). The total score measures range in score from 0 to 100. A high score represents a high level of satisfaction with care / perceived care quality.

    Measured: 72 hours after treatment procedure

Secondary outcomes (27)
  1. Acceptability (quantitative)

    Proportion of consenting patients and description of refusals

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  2. Acceptability (qualitative)

    Thematic analysis of individual research interviews with a sample of patients included in both arms of the study.

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  3. Adoption (quantitative)

    Number of outpatient courses completed compared with the number of scheduled courses; number of candidate, open and active centers.

    Measured: 32 months

  4. Adoption (qualitative)

    Thematic analysis of verbatims collected during focus groups with centers

    Measured: 36 months

  5. Relevance (reasons for refusal)

    Characteristics of patients whose inclusion in the protocol was refused by the patient/carer.

    Measured: 24 months

  6. Relevance (patient expectations)

    Thematic content analysis of verbatims collected during individual research interviews with patients in both arms, in order to understand the patient experience throughout the treatment period, and to identify needs and expectations in terms of post-intervention follow-up in both groups.

    Measured: 36 months

  7. Feasibility of outpatient care

    Proportion of outpatient treatments planned and then cancelled, reasons for non-implementation, perception of obstacles and facilitators via individual interviews and focus groups with caregivers.

    Measured: One year after the end of inclusions

  8. Reach (Quantitative)

    Patient-related factors associated with ambulatory care pathway failure (Indication; Techniques; Tolerance of organization).

    Measured: One year after the end of inclusions

  9. Reach (Qualitative for centers)

    thematic analysis of verbatims collected in the focus group, focusing on elements identified by caregivers as having contributed to organizational changes to enable implementation of the ambulatory pathway. Elements perceived as obstacles to change will also be identified and analyzed by theme

    Measured: One year after the end of inclusions

  10. Reach (Qualitative for patients)

    thematic analysis of verbatims collected during post-treatment interviews, focusing on elements identified by patients as having contributed to their continued health after returning home. Elements relating to improvements to be made to the ambulatory care pathway will also be recorded and analyzed by theme

    Measured: One year after the end of inclusions

  11. Comparing the organizations (Pain)

    Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain : 0 ('no pain') to 10 ('pain as bad as it could possibly be')

    Measured: Day of procedure (baseline), evening after the procedure, and end of the care pathway (up to 72 hours, depending on treatment)

  12. Comparing the organizations (Comfort and satisfaction)

    Quality Of Life Questionnaire - Satisfaction with Cancer Care - Core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-PATSAT-C33) for all and specific complementary outpatient module (OUT-PATSAT7) for the outpatient group.

    Items are rated from 1 (bad) to 5 (Excellent)

    Measured: 72 hours after procedure

  13. Comparing the organizations (Quality of life)

    Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12 (SF-12) A score >50 indicates above-average health-related quality of life

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment), Day 7, Month2/Month3 visit

  14. Comparing the organizations (General condition)

    Patient's general condition assessed by clinical status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ECOG) from 0 (Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction) to 5 (dead)

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment), Month2/Month3 visit

  15. Comparing the organizations (Complications)

    Complications according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) V5.0.5 Items from 1 (mild) to 5 (death)

    Measured: Month 6

  16. Comparing the organizations (Technical succes)

    Technical success defined by completion of the planned procedure. Tumour response according to mRECIST and LI-RADS TRA 2024 (non-evaluable, non-viable, non-progressor, viable)

    Measured: Month2/Month3 visit, Month 6

  17. Factors for patient satisfaction (HADS)

    Anxiety and depression scale (HADS)

    Measured: Inclusion, Admission before surgery and 72 hours after procedure

  18. Factors for patient satisfaction (Disease characteristics)

    Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification stage, sarcopenia (based on imaging).

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  19. Factors for patient satisfaction (Treatment characteristics)

    1. for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) : selectivity, number of segments treated, % of chemotherapy injected, additional embolization;
    2. for transarterial radioembolization (TARE): number of injection sites;
    3. for all: procedure duration, center volume, operator volume, treatment line, combination treatment.

    Measured: Day of treatment procedure

  20. Factors for patient satisfaction (socioeconomic)

    Socioeconomic level

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  21. Factors for patient satisfaction (travel)

    Home-hospital travel time

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  22. Factors for patient satisfaction (comorbidities)

    Comorbidities

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  23. Factors for patient satisfaction (ECOG)

    Clinical status (ECOG)

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment)

  24. Factors for patient satisfaction (Quality of life)

    Questionnary of quality of life = Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12 (SF-12)

    Measured: At inclusion visit (pre-treatment), Day 7, Month 2/Month3

  25. Total cost of each treatment pathway

    From the community, health insurance and hospital perspective (depending on the type of treatment received)

    Measured: From day of treatment to Month 2/Month 3 visit

  26. Budgetary impact

    Annual and cumulative 5-year budgetary impact of changing clinical practices towards outpatient management of patients treated intra-arterially for hepatocellular carcinoma, from a health insurance perspective

    Measured: 5 years after study

  27. Ambulatory pathway failure

    unplanned hospital admission after the procedure (including same-day unplanned admission), delayed discharge when same-day discharge criteria are not met, or hospital readmission within the predefined early post-procedural window (72 hours)

    Measured: within 72 hours post-procedure

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted25 May 2025
  2. Study start18 Dec 2025
  3. Primary completion17 Dec 2027 (estimated)
  4. Study completion17 Dec 2028 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
206 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06990659
Sponsor's protocol ID
49RC23_0306
Other IDs
2024-A02727-40
Acronym
CHOC
Status last verified
Jun 2026
First submitted
24 Apr 2025
Last updated
17 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Gregory J, Hammel JF, Ronot M, Roux C, Barat M, Allaire M, Parlati L, Moussa N, Beunon P, Oberti F, Chevallier P, Anty R, Girot P, Sutter O, Ganne N, Papadopoulos P, Blanc JF, Ghelfi J, Decaens T, Yzet T, Nguyen-Khac E, Magnin B, Muti L, Risson JR, Tann F, Boige V, Calame P, Richou C, Vilgrain V, Rautou PE, Darsonval A, Nhora R, Devictor J, Bouattour M, Cartron E, Aube C. Implementation and evaluation of an ambulatory care pathway for intra-arterial treatment of primary liver cancer: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled hybrid type 1 trial (CHOC). BMJ Open. 2026 Aug 6;16(8):e114720. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-114720.

    PubMed 42562579

Free account

Keep searching with a free account

You’ve used your 3 free searches for this session. Log in or create a free AzTrials account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in