Smoking DependenceNCT07003893
Efficacy of Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Functional Capacity and Pulmonary Function in Heavy Twenties Smokers
A study testing Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercises in people with Smoking Dependence and Smoking Among Youth, run by Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
Although research on the health risks of e-cigarettes is still limited, there is increasing evidence of debilitating lung disease and general immune dysfunction from e-cigarettes, leading to various infections. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 29 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking Dependence, Smoking Among Youth
- What is being tested?
- Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 5 Jul 2025to 2 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 29 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 20-29 years.
- Subjects who have been smoking for 1 to 3 years.
- Subjects who not receiving medical treatment for respiratory diseases.
- Subjects who have clean family medical history.
Who cannot join
- Subjects who smoke cigars other than filtered cigarettes or tobacco pipes.
- Subjects with respiratory proplems.
- Participation in another clinical trial within the last 30 days.
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders (eg, hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus).
- Neurologic and psychiatric disorders (who can not understand the research project ).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Although research on the health risks of e-cigarettes is still limited, there is increasing evidence of debilitating lung disease and general immune dysfunction from e-cigarettes, leading to various infections. Moreover, there are concerns that e-cigarettes can cause general impairment in life functions and more importantly lung function .Although exercise can help quit smoking and reduce relapses .However, exercise has many other fitness benefits when done regularly for the general population, as well as for smokers. Exercise has been shown to help with smoking cessation, which has been an important factor preventing many smokers, especially younger people, from quitting. Breathing exercises, especially diaphragm exercises improves lung function, lifestyle and health risk factors and thus the risk of developing many chronic diseases. Both aerobic interventions and exercise can reduce the incidence of many of the prevalent cancers initiated by smoking, such as lung cancer. This is important because lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and cigarette smoking is responsible for up to 90% of lung cancer cases worldwide.
Read the detailed description
According to predictions by the World Health Organization, the number of smokers who will die from cigarette related diseases will surpass the number of people dying from AIDS, traffic accidents, suicide, and murder combined by 2020. Due to the presence of various harmful substances in cigarettes, smoking can cause many diseases. Nicotine which is one of the major constituents of cigarettes causes arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other problems that result not only in low cardiopulmonary function but also in relatively diminished daily living ability and endurance in smokers compared with that in non-smokers. Moreover, it is common knowledge that smoking is very highly correlated with occurrence of respiratory diseases. Diaphragmatic breathing is a good technique for respiration and relaxation of the lungs because it enables sufficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Diaphragmatic breathing is reported to be effective in improvement of ventilation efficiency, dyspnea, and activity ability; reduction of metabolic acidosis; alleviation of back pain; spine correction; abdominal strengthening; and improvement of body composition and flexibility. In our current social climate, the number of male smokers in their twenties is rapidly increasing and this trend is becoming a social problem. Our study attempts to verify the effects of diaphragmatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on functional capacity and pulmonary functions in in heavy twenties smokers.
- Conditions
- Smoking Dependence, Smoking Among Youth
- Being tested
- Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercises
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercisesOther
Control group will perform aerobic exercises only Experimental group will perform diaphragmatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in addition to aerobic exercises
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active comparator | perform exercises using aerobic exercises only Receives: Other: Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercises |
| Experimental group | Experimental | perform diaphragmatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and aerobic exercise Receives: Other: Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
FEV1/FVC ( % )
The ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs. That can reflect pulmonary function , using portable spirometer ( SP 80B,China)
Measured: pre and post 4 weeks
FEV1 ( liters )
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second that can reflect pulmonary function , using portable spirometer ( SP 80B,China)
Measured: Pre and post 4 weeks
PEF ( liters / minute )
Peak expiratory flow (PEF), a key indicator of lung function,using portable spirometer ( SP 80B,China)
Measured: pre and post 4 weeks
FVC ( liters )
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV test. Forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity are lung function tests , using portable spirometer ( SP 80B , China )
Measured: Pre and post 4 weeks
Chest expansion ( centimeter )
A simple, noninvasive pulmonary function test used to assess chest wall mobility and, to a lesser extent, lung function , using tape measurement.
Measured: Pre and post 4 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Functional capacity
By using 6MWDT
Measured: Pre and post 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2025
- Study start5 Jul 2025
- Primary completion1 Nov 2025
- Study completion2 Nov 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Smoking DependenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mohamed Saied Zidan, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07003893
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB # 23/3/2024-2025
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 23 May 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Functional Capacity and Pulmonary Function in Heavy Twenties Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07003893
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB # 23/3/2024-2025
- Conditions
- Smoking Dependence, Smoking Among Youth
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Although research on the health risks of e-cigarettes is still limited, there is increasing evidence of debilitating lung disease and general immune dysfunction from e-cigarettes, leading to various infections. Moreover, there are concerns that e-cigarettes can cause general impairment in life functions and more importantly lung function .Although exercise can help quit smoking and reduce relapses .However, exercise has many other fitness benefits when done regularly for the general population, as well as for smokers. Exercise has been shown to help with smoking cessation, which has been an important factor preventing many smokers, especially younger people, from quitting. Breathing exercises, especially diaphragm exercises improves lung function, lifestyle and health risk factors and thus the risk of developing many chronic diseases. Both aerobic interventions and exercise can reduce the incidence of many of the prevalent cancers initiated by smoking, such as lung cancer. This is important because lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and cigarette smoking is responsible for up to 90% of lung cancer cases worldwide.
Detailed description
According to predictions by the World Health Organization, the number of smokers who will die from cigarette related diseases will surpass the number of people dying from AIDS, traffic accidents, suicide, and murder combined by 2020. Due to the presence of various harmful substances in cigarettes, smoking can cause many diseases. Nicotine which is one of the major constituents of cigarettes causes arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other problems that result not only in low cardiopulmonary function but also in relatively diminished daily living ability and endurance in smokers compared with that in non-smokers. Moreover, it is common knowledge that smoking is very highly correlated with occurrence of respiratory diseases. Diaphragmatic breathing is a good technique for respiration and relaxation of the lungs because it enables sufficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Diaphragmatic breathing is reported to be effective in improvement of ventilation efficiency, dyspnea, and activity ability; reduction of metabolic acidosis; alleviation of back pain; spine correction; abdominal strengthening; and improvement of body composition and flexibility. In our current social climate, the number of male smokers in their twenties is rapidly increasing and this trend is becoming a social problem. Our study attempts to verify the effects of diaphragmatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on functional capacity and pulmonary functions in in heavy twenties smokers.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active comparator | Other: Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercisesperform exercises using aerobic exercises only |
| Experimental group | Experimental | Other: Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercisesperform diaphragmatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and aerobic exercise |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 29 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adults aged 20-29 years.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Subjects who smoke cigars other than filtered cigarettes or tobacco pipes.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercisesControl group will perform aerobic exercises only Experimental group will perform diaphragmatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in addition to aerobic exercises | Other | Control group, Experimental group |
Primary outcome
FEV1/FVC ( % )
Time frame: pre and post 4 weeks
The ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs. That can reflect pulmonary function , using portable spirometer ( SP 80B,China)
FEV1 ( liters )
Time frame: Pre and post 4 weeks
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second that can reflect pulmonary function , using portable spirometer ( SP 80B,China)
PEF ( liters / minute )
Time frame: pre and post 4 weeks
Peak expiratory flow (PEF), a key indicator of lung function,using portable spirometer ( SP 80B,China)
FVC ( liters )
Time frame: Pre and post 4 weeks
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV test. Forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity are lung function tests , using portable spirometer ( SP 80B , China )
Chest expansion ( centimeter )
Time frame: Pre and post 4 weeks
A simple, noninvasive pulmonary function test used to assess chest wall mobility and, to a lesser extent, lung function , using tape measurement.
1 secondary outcome
Functional capacity
Time frame: Pre and post 4 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Nov 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Diaphragmatic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation + Aerobic exercises in people with Smoking Dependence and Smoking Among Youth, run by Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
FEV1/FVC ( % ) (time frame: pre and post 4 weeks). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Nov 2025.