Patellofemoral Pain SyndromeNCT07004881
Comparison Between the Effects of Mulligan and Maitland Mobilization on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
A study testing Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM) and Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar Mobilizations in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, run by Foundation University Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study is a randomised control trial and the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the "Effects of Maitland mobilizations and Mulligan Mobilization With Movement (MWM) in patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM) and Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar Mobilizations
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 15 Jul 2024to 15 Jul 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Referred patients from rehabilitation, orthopedic and rheumatology department
- Both males and females of age 18-40 years
- Having pain from at least 2 months.
- Pain score ≥ 3 on NPRS.
- Pain on palpation of medial or lateral Patellar facet. (12, 13)
- Retro patellar pain in at least two of the following activities:
Show all 11Show fewer
- Ascending , descending stairs
- Hopping / jumping
- prolonged sitting with flexed knees
- kneeling and squatting
- Patellar tilt test
Who cannot join
- Positive tests/findings on physical examination for knee menisci, ligaments and bursa.
- Chondromalacia patellae
- Individuals with Instability of tibiofemoral joint
- lower extremity surgery
- Rheumatoid arthritis, other connective tissue disorders and congenital deformities.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Foundation University College of Physical Therapy
Islamabad, 44000
Muhammad Furqan Yaqoob, MS-OMPT, +92311-3331717, furqan.yaqoob@fui.edu.pk
About this study
This study is a randomised control trial and the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the "Effects of Maitland mobilizations and Mulligan Mobilization With Movement (MWM) in patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Read the detailed description
This study is a randomised control trial just used to investigate and compare the effects of maitland mobilizations and Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement ; with respect to:
- Pain
- Range of motion and
- Function in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome All males and females with ages of 18 to 40 years having the Patellofemoral pain syndrome can be included in this study.
A total number of 40 participants are equally and randomly divided into two groups i.e. group A and group B. Group A recieves the Mulligan Mobilization With Movement (MWM) and group B receives the Maitland's Patellar mobilizations.
Outcomes are recorded at 0 weeks and at end of 2 weeks. Outcome measure used for pain is Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), for knee ROM is goniometery and for knee function is Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS).
Pre and post intervention reading of all 3 measures will then be compared and data will be analysed
- Conditions
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Being tested
- Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM), Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar Mobilizations
- Medical subject headings
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM)Procedure or surgery
This group will receive two techniques of mulligan i.e. Medial Patellar Glide relative to femoral trochlea and other is tibial internal rotation relative to femoral condyles.In Medial Patellar Glide; patient is positioned supine with 40 degree knee flexion. Stabilizing hand of therapist stabilizes the posterior aspect of tibia and fibula and with mobilizing hand, the therapist gently glides the patella medially. With that, the patient is asked to actively flex and then extend the knee.
In the tibial internal rotation technique; similarly the patient is positioned supine with 40 degree knee flexion. Stabilizing hand of therapist stabilizes t
After mobilization; following exercises are to be performed all in 3 sets of 7 repetitions:
- Side-lying hip abduction
- Clamshell exercises
- Quadriceps setting exercise
- Vastus Medialis Oblique strengthening
- Mini squats
- Hamstring stretch
- Iliotibial band stretch
Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar MobilizationsProcedure or surgery
For all the mobilizations the patient is positioned either in supine or sitting with 30-0 degree knee flexion or full knee extension. The therapist holds patella between his/her thumb and index finger and glides it cranially (Superior Patellar glide), caudally (Inferior Patellar Glide) and medially (Medial Patellar Glide). The fourth one i.e. Patellofemoral Distraction is given by grasping the patella between two fingers and lifting it above/away from underlying femoral trochlea. All 4 of these techniques are repeated 10 times with total 3 sets. 3 sessions are performed in a week on alternate days. Total duration of interventions is 2 weeks.
Both groups receive similar exercises therapy following mobilizations.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan Mobilization with Movement | Active comparator | Mulligan Mobilization with Movement This group will receive two techniques of mulligan i.e. Medial Patellar Glide relative to femoral trochlea and other is tibial internal rotation relative to femoral condyles.
Both the techniques are repeated 10 times with total 3 sets. 3 sessions are performed in a week on alternate days. Total duration of interventions is 2 weeks.
After mobilization, following exercises are to be performed all in 3 sets of 7 repetitions:
1. Side-lying hip abduction
2. Clamshell exercises
3. Quadriceps setting exercise
4. Vastus Medialis Oblique strengthening
5. Mini squats
6. Hamstring stretch
7. Iliotibial band stretch Receives: Procedure: Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM) |
| Maitland Mobilization | Experimental | Maitland Mobilization This group recieves 4 patellar mobilization tehniques given by Maitland. For all the mobilizations the patient is positioned either in supine or sitting with 30-0 degree knee flexion or full knee extension.
The therapist holds patella between his/her thumb and index finger and glides it cranially (Superior Patellar glide), caudally (Inferior Patellar Glide) and medially (Medial Patellar Glide).
The fourth one i.e. Patellofemoral Distraction is given by grasping the patella between two fingers and lifting it above/away from underlying femoral trochlea. All 4 of these techniques are repeated 10 times with total 3 sets. 3 sessions are performed in a week on alternate days.
Total duration of interventions is 2 weeks.
After mobilization; 3 sets of 7 repetitions:
1. Side-lying hip abduction
2. Clamshell exercises
3. Quadriceps setting exercise
4. Vastus Medialis Oblique strengthening
5. Mini squats
6. Hamstring stretch
7. Iliotibial band stretch Receives: Procedure: Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar Mobilizations |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Patellofemoral Pain
It will be measured using numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Subjects select a number ranging from 0-10 according to their intensity of pain where '0' indicates no pain while '10' indicates worst pain experienced.
Measured: 2 weeks
Range of Motion
Universal goniometer is used to measure knee flexion and extension ranges. Patient is positioned in supine with the knee straight and foot flat on the table. Therapist stabilizes the femur with one hand. Axis of goniometer is aligned with the lateral epicondyle of the femur, stationary arm is kept parallel to the femur and moving arm is aligned with long axis of tibia. The patient is then asked to flex and extend the knee to maximum range without pain, subsequently aligning moving arm of goniometer with new position of tibia. Angle of flexion/extension are then recorded from the goniometer and documented.
Measured: Variable will be assessed at before and after treatment for the total interval of 2 weeks.
Lower Extremity Function
It is measured using Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS). The LEFS is a questionnaire used to assess an individual's ability to perform daily activities and functional tasks related to the lower extremities (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). It comprises of total 20 questions and patients rate their ability to perform each activity on a scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (able to perform without difficulty). The total score ranges from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating better functional ability. The total sore before and after interventions of both groups is calculated and compared.
Measured: Variable will be assessed at before and after treatment for the total interval of 2 weeks.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jun 2025
- Study start15 Jul 2024
- Primary completion15 Jul 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Jul 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Patellofemoral Pain SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Foundation University IslamabadThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Control Trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation University Islamabad
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07004881
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FUI/CTR/2024/74
- Status last verified
- Aug 2024
- First submitted
- 26 May 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison Between the Effects of Mulligan and Maitland Mobilization on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07004881
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FUI/CTR/2024/74
- Conditions
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation University IslamabadUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jul 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Jul 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 4 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study is a randomised control trial and the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the "Effects of Maitland mobilizations and Mulligan Mobilization With Movement (MWM) in patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Detailed description
This study is a randomised control trial just used to investigate and compare the effects of maitland mobilizations and Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement ; with respect to:
- Pain
- Range of motion and
- Function in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome All males and females with ages of 18 to 40 years having the Patellofemoral pain syndrome can be included in this study.
A total number of 40 participants are equally and randomly divided into two groups i.e. group A and group B. Group A recieves the Mulligan Mobilization With Movement (MWM) and group B receives the Maitland's Patellar mobilizations.
Outcomes are recorded at 0 weeks and at end of 2 weeks. Outcome measure used for pain is Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), for knee ROM is goniometery and for knee function is Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS).
Pre and post intervention reading of all 3 measures will then be compared and data will be analysed
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Control Trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan Mobilization with Movement | Active comparator | Procedure: Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM)Mulligan Mobilization with Movement This group will receive two techniques of mulligan i.e. Medial Patellar Glide relative to femoral trochlea and other is tibial internal rotation relative to femoral condyles. Both the techniques are repeated 10 times with total 3 sets. 3 sessions are performed in a week on alternate days. Total duration of interventions is 2 weeks. After mobilization, following exercises are to be performed all in 3 sets of 7 repetitions: 1. Side-lying hip abduction 2. Clamshell exercises 3. Quadriceps setting exercise 4. Vastus Medialis Oblique strengthening 5. Mini squats 6. Hamstring stretch 7. Iliotibial band stretch |
| Maitland Mobilization | Experimental | Procedure: Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar MobilizationsMaitland Mobilization This group recieves 4 patellar mobilization tehniques given by Maitland. For all the mobilizations the patient is positioned either in supine or sitting with 30-0 degree knee flexion or full knee extension. The therapist holds patella between his/her thumb and index finger and glides it cranially (Superior Patellar glide), caudally (Inferior Patellar Glide) and medially (Medial Patellar Glide). The fourth one i.e. Patellofemoral Distraction is given by grasping the patella between two fingers and lifting it above/away from underlying femoral trochlea. All 4 of these techniques are repeated 10 times with total 3 sets. 3 sessions are performed in a week on alternate days. Total duration of interventions is 2 weeks. After mobilization; 3 sets of 7 repetitions: 1. Side-lying hip abduction 2. Clamshell exercises 3. Quadriceps setting exercise 4. Vastus Medialis Oblique strengthening 5. Mini squats 6. Hamstring stretch 7. Iliotibial band stretch |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Referred patients from rehabilitation, orthopedic and rheumatology department
- Both males and females of age 18-40 years
- Having pain from at least 2 months.
- Pain score ≥ 3 on NPRS.
- Pain on palpation of medial or lateral Patellar facet. (12, 13)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Positive tests/findings on physical examination for knee menisci, ligaments and bursa.
- Chondromalacia patellae
- Individuals with Instability of tibiofemoral joint
- lower extremity surgery
- Rheumatoid arthritis, other connective tissue disorders and congenital deformities.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM)This group will receive two techniques of mulligan i.e. Medial Patellar Glide relative to femoral trochlea and other is tibial internal rotation relative to femoral condyles.In Medial Patellar Glide; patient is positioned supine with 40 degree knee flexion. Stabilizing hand of therapist stabilizes the posterior aspect of tibia and fibula and with mobilizing hand, the therapist gently glides the patella medially. With that, the patient is asked to actively flex and then extend the knee. In the tibial internal rotation technique; similarly the patient is positioned supine with 40 degree knee flexion. Stabilizing hand of therapist stabilizes t After mobilization; following exercises are to be performed all in 3 sets of 7 repetitions: 1. Side-lying hip abduction 2. Clamshell exercises 3. Quadriceps setting exercise 4. Vastus Medialis Oblique strengthening 5. Mini squats 6. Hamstring stretch 7. Iliotibial band stretch | Procedure or surgery | Mulligan Mobilization with Movement |
| Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar MobilizationsFor all the mobilizations the patient is positioned either in supine or sitting with 30-0 degree knee flexion or full knee extension. The therapist holds patella between his/her thumb and index finger and glides it cranially (Superior Patellar glide), caudally (Inferior Patellar Glide) and medially (Medial Patellar Glide). The fourth one i.e. Patellofemoral Distraction is given by grasping the patella between two fingers and lifting it above/away from underlying femoral trochlea. All 4 of these techniques are repeated 10 times with total 3 sets. 3 sessions are performed in a week on alternate days. Total duration of interventions is 2 weeks. Both groups receive similar exercises therapy following mobilizations. | Procedure or surgery | Maitland Mobilization |
Primary outcome
Patellofemoral Pain
Time frame: 2 weeks
It will be measured using numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Subjects select a number ranging from 0-10 according to their intensity of pain where '0' indicates no pain while '10' indicates worst pain experienced.
Range of Motion
Time frame: Variable will be assessed at before and after treatment for the total interval of 2 weeks.
Universal goniometer is used to measure knee flexion and extension ranges. Patient is positioned in supine with the knee straight and foot flat on the table. Therapist stabilizes the femur with one hand. Axis of goniometer is aligned with the lateral epicondyle of the femur, stationary arm is kept parallel to the femur and moving arm is aligned with long axis of tibia. The patient is then asked to flex and extend the knee to maximum range without pain, subsequently aligning moving arm of goniometer with new position of tibia. Angle of flexion/extension are then recorded from the goniometer and documented.
Lower Extremity Function
Time frame: Variable will be assessed at before and after treatment for the total interval of 2 weeks.
It is measured using Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS). The LEFS is a questionnaire used to assess an individual's ability to perform daily activities and functional tasks related to the lower extremities (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). It comprises of total 20 questions and patients rate their ability to perform each activity on a scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (able to perform without difficulty). The total score ranges from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating better functional ability. The total sore before and after interventions of both groups is calculated and compared.
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jun 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Group A (Active Comparator) Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement (MWM) and Group B(Experimental) Maitland's Patellar Mobilizations in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, run by Foundation University Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Anza Moiz, DPT (+923350511715, anzamoiz31@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Patellofemoral Pain (time frame: 2 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jun 2025.