Young AdultsNCT07009561
Cortical Excitability and Typing Performance After Action Observation and Motor Execution
A study testing Motor Execution Typing Task and Action Observation of Typing Task in people with Young Adults, run by University of Sharjah at 1 site in United Arab Emirates.
Trial summary
Goal: This study will aim to investigate the effects of different motor stimulation strategies-motor execution (ME) and action observation (AO)-on cortical excitability and typing performance in healthy individuals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 26 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Young Adults
- What is being tested?
- Motor Execution Typing Task and Action Observation of Typing Task
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Arab Emirates
- Study dates
- 15 Jun 2025to 30 Jul 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 26 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18 and 26 years
- Healthy university students with no known neurological, psychiatric, or musculoskeletal conditions
- Intact motor functioning of the upper limbs
- Basic typing proficiency using a 10-finger typing method
- Ability to understand study procedures and provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Typing speed less than 16 words per minute
- Use of hunt-and-peck or single-finger typing style
- History of seizures or epilepsy
- Current use of neuroactive medications
- Presence of metallic implants in the head or upper body
- Any contraindications to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
- Left-handed individuals using non-standard typing techniques (unless provided with adapted materials)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United Arab Emirates1 site
University of Sharjah
University City, Emirate of Sharjah
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Cortical Excitability and Typing Performance Across Action Observation, Motor Execution, and Control Conditions
Goal:
This study will aim to investigate the effects of different motor stimulation strategies-motor execution (ME) and action observation (AO)-on cortical excitability and typing performance in healthy individuals.
Read more
Recruitment:
A total of 60 healthy university students will be recruited and randomly assigned into three groups:
Motor Execution group (n=20) Action Observation group (n=20) Control group (n=20)
Evaluation Tools:
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) using DEYMED DuoMAG XT will be used to measure Resting Motor Threshold (RMT), Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) Amplitude, and MEP Latency of the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle.
Online Typing Test will be used to assess typing speed (words per minute) and accuracy (percentage of correct characters).
Intervention:
The ME group will perform a 3-minute typing task. The AO group will observe a 3-minute first-person video of typing. The Control group will not receive any intervention between assessments.
All participants will undergo TMS and typing assessments twice, once before and once after the intervention.
Read the detailed description
This study will be designed as a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of motor execution (ME) and action observation (AO) on cortical excitability and fine motor performance, using typing as the target motor task.
A total of 60 healthy university students will be recruited from the University of Sharjah through convenience sampling. Participants will be screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and will provide informed consent prior to enrollment. Eligible participants will then be randomly assigned into three groups (ME, AO, and Control), with stratification based on baseline typing proficiency to ensure balanced motor skill levels across groups.
All participants will undergo a pre-assessment session that will include a 3-minute typing task focused on the index finger and TMS testing targeting the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle. TMS measures will include Resting Motor Threshold (RMT), MEP Amplitude, and MEP Latency.
During the intervention phase:
The ME group will perform the typing task for 3 minutes. The AO group will watch a 3-minute point-of-view video of the same typing task. The Control group will receive no intervention and will simply wait between the assessments.
After the intervention, participants in all groups will repeat the same typing task and TMS assessments in the post-assessment phase.
Typing performance will be evaluated using an online typing platform, capturing typing speed (words per minute) and accuracy (percentage of correct characters). TMS data will be collected using the DEYMED DuoMAG XT with consistent coil placement and stimulation parameters. Five reproducible MEPs will be recorded per participant per session to ensure reliability.
- Conditions
- Young Adults
- Being tested
- Motor Execution Typing Task, Action Observation of Typing Task
- Keywords
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Cortical excitability, Action observation, Motor execution, Typing
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Motor Execution Typing TaskBehavioural
Participants will perform a 3-minute typing task using custom-designed text that emphasizes index finger use. This task is designed to actively engage the motor cortex and will be administered in a controlled environment using standard posture and equipment. The task aims to elicit changes in cortical excitability, which will be measured pre- and post-intervention using TMS.
Action Observation of Typing TaskBehavioural
Participants will observe a 3-minute first-person video of an individual typing the standardized text. The video is designed to activate mirror neuron systems through visual engagement with a familiar motor task. It will be shown once in a controlled setting, and post-assessment of cortical excitability will follow immediately after.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ME | Experimental | Participants will undergo pre and post assessments. Each assessment include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and typing performance tests.
Pre-assessment will be conducted in the first visit.
In the second visit, Motor Execution (ME) group will perform a 3-minute typing task using both hands in a standardized posture. The typing task will consist of custom-designed text that emphasizes use of the index finger, matching the target muscle for TMS.
Participants will then undergo post-assessment as same as the pre-assessment within 15 minutes after completing the typing task.
There will be time window more than 48 hours between visits. Receives: Behavioral: Motor Execution Typing Task |
| AO | Experimental | Participants will undergo pre and post assessments. Each assessment include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and typing performance tests.
Pre-assessment will be conducted in the first visit.
During the second visit, participants in the Action Observation (AO) group will observe a 3-minute first-person point-of-view video of a person typing the same standardized text used in the ME group. The video will emphasize index finger movement on a QWERTY keyboard.
Participants will then undergo post-assessment as same as the pre-assessment within 15 minutes after watching the typing video.
There will be time window more than 48 hours between visits. Receives: Behavioral: Action Observation of Typing Task |
| Control | No intervention | Participants in the Control group will not receive any intervention between the pre- and post-assessments. They will undergo the same assessments as the other groups to allow comparison of changes in cortical excitability and typing performance. There will be time window more than 48 hours between visits. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Resting Motor Threshold (RMT)
Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) will be measured using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) targeting the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle. RMT is defined as the minimum stimulation intensity required to evoke a measurable motor evoked potential (MEP) of ≥50 µV in at least 5 out of 10 trials.
Measured: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Change in MEP Latency and Amplitude
Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) latency (in milliseconds) and amplitude (in µV) will be assessed using TMS. These measures reflect neural conduction time and the magnitude of cortical response, respectively.
Measured: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Change in Typing Speed (Words Per Minute)
Typing speed will be measured using a standardized online typing platform, expressed in words per minute (WPM). Participants will complete a 3-minute typing task using custom text emphasizing index finger usage.
Measured: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Change in Typing Accuracy
Typing accuracy will be recorded as the percentage of correctly typed characters during a 3-minute standardized typing task using an online platform.
Measured: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Jun 2025
- Study start15 Jun 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Jun 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jul 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Young AdultsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study will be a prospective, double-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 participants will be randomly assigned into three groups: Motor Execution (ME), Action Observation (AO), and Control. Each group will consist of 20 participants. Interventions will include a 3-minute typing task (ME), a 3-minute observation video (AO), or no task (Control). All participants will undergo pre- and post-intervention typing and TMS assessments.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Sharjah
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Meeyoung Kim, University of Sharjah
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07009561
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TMStyping
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 29 May 2025
- Last updated
- 6 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) collected during the study will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request. Data will be shared for the purpose of academic research and meta-analyses related to motor learning, neuroplasticity, and rehabilitation.
Publications
Bhattacharya A, Mrudula K, Sreepada SS, Sathyaprabha TN, Pal PK, Chen R, Udupa K. An Overview of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. Can J Neurol Sci. 2022 Jul;49(4):479-492. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2021.158. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
PubMed 34238393Birdsong D. Plasticity, Variability and Age in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism. Front Psychol. 2018 Mar 12;9:81. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00081. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29593590Grilc N, Valappil AC, Tillin NA, Mian OS, Wright DJ, Holmes PS, Castelli F, Bruton AM. Motor imagery drives the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability for coordinative lower-limb actions. Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 6;14(1):13057. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63758-6.
PubMed 38844650Ma ZZ, Wu JJ, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xing XX, Ma J, Li SS, Shan CL, Xu JG. Brain Function and Upper Limb Deficit in Stroke With Motor Execution and Imagery: A Cross-Sectional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci. 2022 May 19;16:806406. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.806406. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35663563
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Cortical Excitability and Typing Performance Across Action Observation, Motor Execution, and Control Conditions
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07009561
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TMStyping
- Conditions
- Young Adults
- Keywords
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Cortical excitability, Action observation, Motor execution, Typing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of SharjahUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Jun 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 6 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Goal:
This study will aim to investigate the effects of different motor stimulation strategies-motor execution (ME) and action observation (AO)-on cortical excitability and typing performance in healthy individuals.
Recruitment:
A total of 60 healthy university students will be recruited and randomly assigned into three groups:
Motor Execution group (n=20) Action Observation group (n=20) Control group (n=20)
Evaluation Tools:
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) using DEYMED DuoMAG XT will be used to measure Resting Motor Threshold (RMT), Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) Amplitude, and MEP Latency of the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle.
Online Typing Test will be used to assess typing speed (words per minute) and accuracy (percentage of correct characters).
Intervention:
The ME group will perform a 3-minute typing task. The AO group will observe a 3-minute first-person video of typing. The Control group will not receive any intervention between assessments.
All participants will undergo TMS and typing assessments twice, once before and once after the intervention.
Detailed description
This study will be designed as a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of motor execution (ME) and action observation (AO) on cortical excitability and fine motor performance, using typing as the target motor task.
A total of 60 healthy university students will be recruited from the University of Sharjah through convenience sampling. Participants will be screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and will provide informed consent prior to enrollment. Eligible participants will then be randomly assigned into three groups (ME, AO, and Control), with stratification based on baseline typing proficiency to ensure balanced motor skill levels across groups.
All participants will undergo a pre-assessment session that will include a 3-minute typing task focused on the index finger and TMS testing targeting the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle. TMS measures will include Resting Motor Threshold (RMT), MEP Amplitude, and MEP Latency.
During the intervention phase:
The ME group will perform the typing task for 3 minutes. The AO group will watch a 3-minute point-of-view video of the same typing task. The Control group will receive no intervention and will simply wait between the assessments.
After the intervention, participants in all groups will repeat the same typing task and TMS assessments in the post-assessment phase.
Typing performance will be evaluated using an online typing platform, capturing typing speed (words per minute) and accuracy (percentage of correct characters). TMS data will be collected using the DEYMED DuoMAG XT with consistent coil placement and stimulation parameters. Five reproducible MEPs will be recorded per participant per session to ensure reliability.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- This study will be a prospective, double-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 participants will be randomly assigned into three groups: Motor Execution (ME), Action Observation (AO), and Control. Each group will consist of 20 participants. Interventions will include a 3-minute typing task (ME), a 3-minute observation video (AO), or no task (Control). All participants will undergo pre- and post-intervention typing and TMS assessments.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ME | Experimental | Behavioral: Motor Execution Typing TaskParticipants will undergo pre and post assessments. Each assessment include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and typing performance tests. Pre-assessment will be conducted in the first visit. In the second visit, Motor Execution (ME) group will perform a 3-minute typing task using both hands in a standardized posture. The typing task will consist of custom-designed text that emphasizes use of the index finger, matching the target muscle for TMS. Participants will then undergo post-assessment as same as the pre-assessment within 15 minutes after completing the typing task. There will be time window more than 48 hours between visits. |
| AO | Experimental | Behavioral: Action Observation of Typing TaskParticipants will undergo pre and post assessments. Each assessment include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and typing performance tests. Pre-assessment will be conducted in the first visit. During the second visit, participants in the Action Observation (AO) group will observe a 3-minute first-person point-of-view video of a person typing the same standardized text used in the ME group. The video will emphasize index finger movement on a QWERTY keyboard. Participants will then undergo post-assessment as same as the pre-assessment within 15 minutes after watching the typing video. There will be time window more than 48 hours between visits. |
| Control | No intervention | –Participants in the Control group will not receive any intervention between the pre- and post-assessments. They will undergo the same assessments as the other groups to allow comparison of changes in cortical excitability and typing performance. There will be time window more than 48 hours between visits. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 26 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age between 18 and 26 years
- Healthy university students with no known neurological, psychiatric, or musculoskeletal conditions
- Intact motor functioning of the upper limbs
- Basic typing proficiency using a 10-finger typing method
- Ability to understand study procedures and provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Typing speed less than 16 words per minute
- Use of hunt-and-peck or single-finger typing style
- History of seizures or epilepsy
- Current use of neuroactive medications
- Presence of metallic implants in the head or upper body
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Execution Typing TaskParticipants will perform a 3-minute typing task using custom-designed text that emphasizes index finger use. This task is designed to actively engage the motor cortex and will be administered in a controlled environment using standard posture and equipment. The task aims to elicit changes in cortical excitability, which will be measured pre- and post-intervention using TMS. | Behavioural | ME |
| Action Observation of Typing TaskParticipants will observe a 3-minute first-person video of an individual typing the standardized text. The video is designed to activate mirror neuron systems through visual engagement with a familiar motor task. It will be shown once in a controlled setting, and post-assessment of cortical excitability will follow immediately after. | Behavioural | AO |
Primary outcome
Change in Resting Motor Threshold (RMT)
Time frame: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) will be measured using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) targeting the First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle. RMT is defined as the minimum stimulation intensity required to evoke a measurable motor evoked potential (MEP) of ≥50 µV in at least 5 out of 10 trials.
Change in MEP Latency and Amplitude
Time frame: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) latency (in milliseconds) and amplitude (in µV) will be assessed using TMS. These measures reflect neural conduction time and the magnitude of cortical response, respectively.
Change in Typing Speed (Words Per Minute)
Time frame: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Typing speed will be measured using a standardized online typing platform, expressed in words per minute (WPM). Participants will complete a 3-minute typing task using custom text emphasizing index finger usage.
Change in Typing Accuracy
Time frame: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)
Typing accuracy will be recorded as the percentage of correctly typed characters during a 3-minute standardized typing task using an online platform.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Jun 2025.
- Background: PubMed 34238393Bhattacharya A, Mrudula K, Sreepada SS, Sathyaprabha TN, Pal PK, Chen R, Udupa K. An Overview of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. Can J Neurol Sci. 2022 Jul;49(4):479-492. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2021.158. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
- Background: PubMed 29593590Birdsong D. Plasticity, Variability and Age in Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism. Front Psychol. 2018 Mar 12;9:81. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00081. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 38844650Grilc N, Valappil AC, Tillin NA, Mian OS, Wright DJ, Holmes PS, Castelli F, Bruton AM. Motor imagery drives the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability for coordinative lower-limb actions. Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 6;14(1):13057. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63758-6.
- Background: PubMed 35663563Ma ZZ, Wu JJ, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xing XX, Ma J, Li SS, Shan CL, Xu JG. Brain Function and Upper Limb Deficit in Stroke With Motor Execution and Imagery: A Cross-Sectional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci. 2022 May 19;16:806406. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.806406. eCollection 2022.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (IPD) collected during the study will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request. Data will be shared for the purpose of academic research and meta-analyses related to motor learning, neuroplasticity, and rehabilitation.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Motor Execution Typing Task and Action Observation of Typing Task in people with Young Adults, run by University of Sharjah at 1 site in United Arab Emirates.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Arab Emirates. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Meeyoung Kim, Ph.D. (+971582591541, mkim@sharjah.ac.ae), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) (time frame: Pre-intervention (Day 1) and Post-intervention (within 15 minutes after intervention on Day 2, between 48 hours to a 3-week window)). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07009561, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jun 2025.