Blood Flow Restriction ExercisePAPENCT07015515
PAPE Effect With Blood Flow Restriction and Push-Up Exercise (Post-Activation Performance Enhancement)
A study testing Blood flow restriction exercise group in people with Blood Flow Restriction Exercise, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Blood Flow Restriction Exercise
- What is being tested?
- Blood flow restriction exercise group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Jun 2025to 20 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being between 18 and 25 years old
- Being a volleyball player
- Having trained regularly in the last 6 months
- Ability to perform at least 5 repetitions of push-up with own body weight
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate and signing the informed consent form
Who cannot join
- History of shoulder or upper extremity injury requiring physical therapy or surgery
- History of venous thromboembolism
- Hematological disorders
- Coronary artery disease
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Hypertension (systolic/diastolic > 140 mmHg/90 mmHg)
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- History or high risk of deep vein thrombosis
- Blood clotting disorders
- Poor circulation
- Inadequate lymphatic system
- History of endothelial dysfunction
- Varicose veins
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Diabetes
- Easy bruising
- Active infection
- Cancer
- Renal failure
- Pregnancy
- Intolerance to intervention
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Acute Effects of Push-Up Exercise Performed Under Varying Blood Flow Restriction Conditions on Upper Extremity Explosive Power Performance
This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test.
Read the detailed description
The study includes three push-up conditions (BFR, sham BFR, and no BFR). Performance is evaluated via medicine ball throws at the 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes post-exercise. Exercises are applied in a crossover design with 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) BFR, sham, and control arms. Throw distance and ball velocity (measured by radar device) are primary outcomes. RPE scale is used to assess perceived exertion.
- Conditions
- Blood Flow Restriction Exercise
- Being tested
- Sham blood flow restriction exercise, Control group, Blood flow restriction exercise group
- Keywords
- BFR, push-up exercise, PAPE, radar measurement, explosive power
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sham blood flow restriction exerciseOther
a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance
Control groupOther
Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed
Blood flow restriction exercise groupOther
Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Blood flow restriction exercise group | Experimental | Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets. Receives: Other: Blood flow restriction exercise group |
| Sham Blood flow restriction exercise group | Placebo comparator | In this group, a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance. Receives: Other: Sham blood flow restriction exercise |
| Control group | Active comparator | Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed. Receives: Other: Control group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
throw distance
Seated unilateral medicine ball throw distance (in cm) -
Measured: will be measured immediately after the exercise protocol is completed three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes
Secondary outcomes (2)
Ball velocity (km/h)
speed at which a ball travels immediately after being thrown
Measured: will be measured by radar device after completion of the exercise three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
will be assessed via Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (6-20). Borg scale is used o quantify an individual's subjective perception of exercise intensity. It provides a numerical scale, typically ranging from 6 to 20. Higher scores on the scale indicate a greater subjective sense of difficulty or effort perceived by the individual.
Measured: 1 day (will be assessed at the end of the push-up exercise)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Jun 2025
- Study start20 Jun 2025
- Primary completion20 Aug 2025
- Study completion20 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Blood Flow Restriction ExerciseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Şensu Dinçer, Istanbul University
- Investigators
- Şensu Dinçer, Principal investigator, Istanbul University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07015515
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PAPE-BFR-2025
- Acronym
- PAPE
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 30 May 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Effects of Push-Up Exercise Performed Under Varying Blood Flow Restriction Conditions on Upper Extremity Explosive Power Performance
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07015515
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PAPE / PAPE-BFR-2025
- Conditions
- Blood Flow Restriction Exercise
- Keywords
- BFR, push-up exercise, PAPE, radar measurement, explosive power
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test.
Detailed description
The study includes three push-up conditions (BFR, sham BFR, and no BFR). Performance is evaluated via medicine ball throws at the 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes post-exercise. Exercises are applied in a crossover design with 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) BFR, sham, and control arms. Throw distance and ball velocity (measured by radar device) are primary outcomes. RPE scale is used to assess perceived exertion.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Blood flow restriction exercise group | Experimental | Other: Blood flow restriction exercise groupParticipants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets. |
| Sham Blood flow restriction exercise group | Placebo comparator | Other: Sham blood flow restriction exerciseIn this group, a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance. |
| Control group | Active comparator | Other: Control groupParticipants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being between 18 and 25 years old
- Being a volleyball player
- Having trained regularly in the last 6 months
- Ability to perform at least 5 repetitions of push-up with own body weight
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate and signing the informed consent form
Key exclusion criteria (20 listed)
- History of shoulder or upper extremity injury requiring physical therapy or surgery
- History of venous thromboembolism
- Hematological disorders
- Coronary artery disease
- Peripheral arterial disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sham blood flow restriction exercisea BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance | Other | Sham Blood flow restriction exercise group |
| Control groupParticipants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed | Other | Control group |
| Blood flow restriction exercise groupParticipants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets. | Other | Blood flow restriction exercise group |
Primary outcome
throw distance
Time frame: will be measured immediately after the exercise protocol is completed three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes
Seated unilateral medicine ball throw distance (in cm) -
2 secondary outcomes
Ball velocity (km/h)
Time frame: will be measured by radar device after completion of the exercise three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Time frame: 1 day (will be assessed at the end of the push-up exercise)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Nov 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Şensu Dinçer principal investigator
Istanbul University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Blood flow restriction exercise group in people with Blood Flow Restriction Exercise, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 20 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
throw distance (time frame: will be measured immediately after the exercise protocol is completed three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Nov 2025.