Healthy VolunteerNCT07024290
Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to High-Intensity Inter-val Training in Young Boxers
A study testing HITT and Regular training in people with Healthy Volunteer and Young, run by Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study examined the effects of a structured 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program integrated with boxing on young trained individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT-boxing group or a control group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Volunteer, Young
- What is being tested?
- HITT and Regular training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 16 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Feb 2024to 25 Jul 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- aged 18-30 years.
- Actively engaged in structured boxing training for at least 2 years.
- Training a minimum of 3 days per week.
- Free of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neuromuscular conditions.
- Willing to abstain from non-study physical training 48 hours prior to testing.
- Provided written informed consent after receiving a full explanation of study procedures.
Who cannot join
- Had any diagnosed medical conditions contraindicating high-intensity exercise (e.g., uncontrolled asthma, cardiac arrhythmias).
- Reported current musculoskeletal injuries limiting full participation.
- Were taking medications affecting heart rate or respiratory function.
- Missed more than 10% of the assigned training sessions.
- Failed to adhere to pre-assessment instructions (e.g., rest or diet restrictions).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to High-Intensity Inter-val Training in Young Boxers: A Randomized Con-trolled Study
This study examined the effects of a structured 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program integrated with boxing on young trained individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT-boxing group or a control group. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured pulmonary function, aerobic capacity (VO₂max), and heart rate recovery (HRR) at 1, 3, and 5 minutes post-exercise. The study aimed to explore physiological adaptations, particularly improvements in cardiopulmonary and autonomic function.
Integrating HIIT with boxing training may serve as an effective conditioning strategy for enhancing aerobic fitness, pulmonary function, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation in trained individuals. This combined approach could be valuable in sports performance programs and rehabilitation settings where improving VO₂max and recovery efficiency is a priority.
Read the detailed description
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized for its effectiveness in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, their combined application in boxing training remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the physiological adaptations induced by a structured 4-week HIIT-boxing regimen, with a specific focus on pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation, assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR). Methods: Sixteen trained young individuals were randomly assigned to either the HIIT-boxing group or the control group. Comprehensive assessments, including pulmonary function tests, peak oxygen uptake (VO2max), and HRR at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes post-exercise, were conducted pre- and post-intervention.
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteer, Young
- Being tested
- HITT, Regular training
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
HITTBehavioural
The experimental group completed a 4-week HIIT-boxing protocol, in addition to regular boxing sessions. HIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks. Heart rate was monitored throughout, confirming training intensities of 88-92% HRmax, consistent with high-intensity training standards in combat sports.
Regular trainingOther
Participants in control groups followed a boxing training program for a period of four weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week. Each session lasted 90 min and was structured in alignment with the established training principles for amateur boxing. The training began with a 15-minute general warm-up phase, including dynamic mobility drills and calisthenics, to elevate core temperature and enhance neuromuscular readiness.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise group | Experimental | HIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks. Receives: Behavioral: HITT |
| control group | Active comparator | Participants in both the experimental and control groups followed an identical boxing training program for a period of four weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week. Each session lasted 90 min and was structured in alignment with the established training principles for amateur boxing. The training began with a 15-minute general warm-up phase, including dynamic mobility drills and calisthenics, to elevate core temperature and enhance neuromuscular readiness. Receives: Other: Regular training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a calibrated desktop spirometer (COSMED Pony FX; COSMED, Rome, Italy) to assess the key respiratory parameters. FVC was recorded to assess lung volume and respiratory strength. Participants performed a maximal inhalation followed by a forceful exhalation to expel as much air as possible.
Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Measured: baseline and after 4 weeks
Aerobic Capacity
Aerobic capacity was determined using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, a validated method for assessing maximal aerobic capacity in intermittent sports. The participants completed repeated 20-meter shuttle runs at increasing speeds, with short recovery periods between efforts. The aerobic capacity was predicted using the established regression equations for the Yo-Yo IR1 test.
Measured: baseline and after 4 weeks
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
MVV was measured using a calibrated desktop spirometer (COSMED Pony FX; COSMED, Rome, Italy) to evaluate overall ventilatory capacity. Participants were instructed to breathe in and out as rapidly and deeply as possible for 12-15 seconds; the value was extrapolated to represent the maximum volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one minute (L/min).
Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min)
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
FEV1 was measured as the volume of air forcefully exhaled in the first second of the FVC maneuver. This value reflects airway patency and expiratory power.
Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
PEF was assessed to determine the highest speed at which air can be expelled from the lungs during a forceful exhalation following full inspiration.
Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min)
Measured: Baseline and after 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jun 2025
- Study start25 Feb 2024
- Primary completion25 Jun 2024
- Study completion25 Jul 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Healthy VolunteerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The experimental group completed a 4-week HIIT-boxing protocol, in addition to regular boxing sessions. HIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks. Heart rate was monitored throughout, confirming training intensities of 88-92% HRmax, consistent with high-intensity training standards in combat sports.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Kocaeli University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Monira Aldhahi, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
- Investigators
- Cinarli, Principal investigator, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli,
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07024290
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PNU-3
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 5 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 17 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to High-Intensity Inter-val Training in Young Boxers: A Randomized Con-trolled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07024290
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PNU-3
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteer, Young
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Kocaeli University
- Study start
- 25 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Jul 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study examined the effects of a structured 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program integrated with boxing on young trained individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT-boxing group or a control group. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured pulmonary function, aerobic capacity (VO₂max), and heart rate recovery (HRR) at 1, 3, and 5 minutes post-exercise. The study aimed to explore physiological adaptations, particularly improvements in cardiopulmonary and autonomic function.
Integrating HIIT with boxing training may serve as an effective conditioning strategy for enhancing aerobic fitness, pulmonary function, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation in trained individuals. This combined approach could be valuable in sports performance programs and rehabilitation settings where improving VO₂max and recovery efficiency is a priority.
Detailed description
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized for its effectiveness in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, their combined application in boxing training remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the physiological adaptations induced by a structured 4-week HIIT-boxing regimen, with a specific focus on pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation, assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR). Methods: Sixteen trained young individuals were randomly assigned to either the HIIT-boxing group or the control group. Comprehensive assessments, including pulmonary function tests, peak oxygen uptake (VO2max), and HRR at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes post-exercise, were conducted pre- and post-intervention.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The experimental group completed a 4-week HIIT-boxing protocol, in addition to regular boxing sessions. HIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks. Heart rate was monitored throughout, confirming training intensities of 88-92% HRmax, consistent with high-intensity training standards in combat sports.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise group | Experimental | Behavioral: HITTHIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks. |
| control group | Active comparator | Other: Regular trainingParticipants in both the experimental and control groups followed an identical boxing training program for a period of four weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week. Each session lasted 90 min and was structured in alignment with the established training principles for amateur boxing. The training began with a 15-minute general warm-up phase, including dynamic mobility drills and calisthenics, to elevate core temperature and enhance neuromuscular readiness. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- aged 18-30 years.
- Actively engaged in structured boxing training for at least 2 years.
- Training a minimum of 3 days per week.
- Free of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neuromuscular conditions.
- Willing to abstain from non-study physical training 48 hours prior to testing.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Had any diagnosed medical conditions contraindicating high-intensity exercise (e.g., uncontrolled asthma, cardiac arrhythmias).
- Reported current musculoskeletal injuries limiting full participation.
- Were taking medications affecting heart rate or respiratory function.
- Missed more than 10% of the assigned training sessions.
- Failed to adhere to pre-assessment instructions (e.g., rest or diet restrictions).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| HITTThe experimental group completed a 4-week HIIT-boxing protocol, in addition to regular boxing sessions. HIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks. Heart rate was monitored throughout, confirming training intensities of 88-92% HRmax, consistent with high-intensity training standards in combat sports. | Behavioural | Exercise group |
| Regular trainingParticipants in control groups followed a boxing training program for a period of four weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week. Each session lasted 90 min and was structured in alignment with the established training principles for amateur boxing. The training began with a 15-minute general warm-up phase, including dynamic mobility drills and calisthenics, to elevate core temperature and enhance neuromuscular readiness. | Other | control group |
Primary outcome
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a calibrated desktop spirometer (COSMED Pony FX; COSMED, Rome, Italy) to assess the key respiratory parameters. FVC was recorded to assess lung volume and respiratory strength. Participants performed a maximal inhalation followed by a forceful exhalation to expel as much air as possible. Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Aerobic Capacity
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
Aerobic capacity was determined using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, a validated method for assessing maximal aerobic capacity in intermittent sports. The participants completed repeated 20-meter shuttle runs at increasing speeds, with short recovery periods between efforts. The aerobic capacity was predicted using the established regression equations for the Yo-Yo IR1 test.
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
MVV was measured using a calibrated desktop spirometer (COSMED Pony FX; COSMED, Rome, Italy) to evaluate overall ventilatory capacity. Participants were instructed to breathe in and out as rapidly and deeply as possible for 12-15 seconds; the value was extrapolated to represent the maximum volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one minute (L/min). Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min)
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
FEV1 was measured as the volume of air forcefully exhaled in the first second of the FVC maneuver. This value reflects airway patency and expiratory power. Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Time frame: Baseline and after 4 weeks
PEF was assessed to determine the highest speed at which air can be expelled from the lungs during a forceful exhalation following full inspiration. Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Cinarli principal investigator
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli,
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing HITT and Regular training in people with Healthy Volunteer and Young, run by Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Jun 2025.