Smoking Cessation Counseling Ability and PracticeNCT07024485
Augmented Reality Animations for Smoking Cessation Counseling Training
A study testing AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) in people with Smoking Cessation Counseling Ability and Practice, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
This proposed study aims to develop augmented reality (AR) based intervention during the smoking cessation counselling(SCC) training for master nursing students in the University of Hong Kong. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking Cessation Counseling Ability and Practice
- What is being tested?
- AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 23 May 2025to 23 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- master nursing students (1-2 years)
- able to read, understand, and write in English
- willing to participate in this study
Who cannot join
- students who have taken any training courses in the past 6 months.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effect of Augmented Reality Animations in Nursing Smoking Cessation Training for Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This proposed study aims to develop augmented reality (AR) based intervention during the smoking cessation counselling(SCC) training for master nursing students in the University of Hong Kong.
Hypotheses to be tested: (1) AR animations can improve nursing students' knowledge, skills in SCC compared to conventional teaching methods. (2)Student satisfaction and engagement with AR-based learning can be improved. (3) The training will increase master nursing students' self-efficacy to application of 5As SCC skill.
Read more
The study is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 1:1 allocation ratio, using AR animations for intervention and control groups. The intervention group receives messages related to SCC, while the control group receives generic mental health information. The subjects are MN students enrolled in the "Tobacco Dependency Nursing Intervention and Management" course.
The study uses various tools for measurement, including Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation(ProSCiTE), and The Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). The main outcome measures include SCC practice frequency,SCC knowledge score, SCC attitude score, and SCC practice score.
Data will be entered into SPSS for Windows (version 20) for analysis. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, and mean will be used to summarize the outcomes and other variables. By intention-to-treat analysis, participants who are lost or refuse the follow-up will be treated as no change in the training outcomes. Chi-square tests and t-tests will be used to compare outcomes between intervention and control groups. The effect size, Cohen's d, will be computed for the standardized mean of the pre-post differences, both with and without adjustment for baseline characteristics. Additionally, Cohen's f will be calculated to assess the magnitude of the intervention effect in the linear mixed models. These models, which account for multiple observations per subject and clustering effects, will be used to analyze the intervention's impact on self-efficacy, motivation, and KAP. Both the main effect (group allocation) and interaction effect (group × time) will be examined to determine the intervention's effectiveness.
Read the detailed description
This study proposes the development and evaluation of an augmented reality (AR)-based intervention integrated into the smoking cessation counselling (SCC) training for Master of Nursing (MN) students at the University of Hong Kong. The goal is to enhance students' competencies in applying the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) in tobacco dependency interventions.
This study adopts a two-arm, waitlist-controlled, pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eligible participants are MN students enrolled in the "Tobacco Dependency Nursing Intervention and Management" course (NURS8205) in the Spring 2025 semester. Participants will be randomly assigned into intervention and control groups, stratified by tutorial group, and balanced across four trained facilitators.
Intervention Group: Receives the AR-enhanced SCC tutorial, which includes the following components:
- Viewing videos of four simulated smoker-patient scenarios.
- Reviewing case-based written materials.
- Interacting with AR animations embedded in the learning platform, which visualize behavioral counselling techniques and simulate patient-provider communication aligned with the 5As model.
Control Group: Receives the standard tutorial format, which includes:
- Viewing the same four smoker videos.
- Reading the same case-based written materials.
- No AR content is provided; instead, supplementary materials unrelated to SCC will be included to maintain time-equivalent exposure.
The intervention has been developed to align with adult learning theory and aims to enhance knowledge retention, skill application, and learner engagement. Tutors leading both intervention and control sessions will receive standardized training to ensure consistency.
Measurement and Data Collection Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and follow-up at 2-month post-intervention.
Key instruments include:
- Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation (ProSCiTE): This validated tool will be used to assess four constructs: knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and SCC behavior. It serves as the primary tool for evaluating changes in KAP and self-efficacy.
- Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS): Based on Keller's ARCS model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), IMMS will measure students' engagement, satisfaction, and motivation related to the learning materials.
Data Analysis Data will be analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20. Descriptive statistics (means, SDs, frequencies, and percentages) will summarize baseline characteristics and outcome variables.
Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied, where participants lost to follow-up will be assumed to have no change from baseline scores.
Independent t-tests and chi-square tests will compare primary and secondary outcomes between groups.
Effect sizes will be calculated:
Cohen's d for standardized pre-post mean differences. Cohen's f for evaluating the intervention effect size in linear mixed-effects models, which will control for repeated measures and potential clustering effects (e.g., by tutorial group or tutor).
These models will assess both:
Main effect of the intervention (between-group differences). Interaction effect between group and time (i.e., whether change over time differs between groups).
Expected Impact
It is anticipated that the AR-based intervention will lead to:
Increased self-efficacy in delivering SCC using the 5As model. Enhanced knowledge and positive attitudes toward smoking cessation. Improved SCC practice behaviors during clinical placements. Greater learner motivation and satisfaction compared to traditional tutorial methods.
This innovative pedagogical approach aligns with contemporary nursing education trends and aims to equip future nurses with effective behavioral counselling skills to address tobacco dependence.
- Being tested
- AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP), 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)
- Keywords
- AR animation, nursing students, smoking cessation training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)Device
The intervention group received a tutorial that incorporated Augmented Reality (AR) animations alongside conventional teaching materials. In addition to watching four real-life smoker scenario videos and reading corresponding case texts, students used their smartphones to interact with AR animations that visualized the physiological effects of smoking (e.g., lung cancer, vascular disease, aging). These animations were used during group discussions and role-play sessions, helping students to assess smokers' knowledge, illustrate health risks, and tailor counseling plans using the 5As model. The AR experience was designed to enhance learning engagement, emotional connection, and self-efficacy in delivering smoking cessation counseling.
5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)Device
The control group, received a conventional tutorial without the use of AR technology. They watched the same four smoker scenario videos and read the same case texts, then engaged in small group discussions and role-play activities to develop quit plans using the 5As counseling model. However, unlike the intervention group, their learning process relied solely on textual and video materials, without the immersive or interactive elements provided by AR. This approach represents standard smoking cessation training methods commonly used in nursing education.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Teaching format: Tutorial includes Augmented Reality (AR) animations Learning materials: Watch 4 smokers' real-life scenario videos + read case texts + interact with AR animations Discussion preparation: Develop quit plan using 5As model and AR animations; prepare for role-play Role-play and simulation: Use AR visuals to support counseling demonstration; each group role-plays using 5As model Technology/tools required:Smartphone with browser (iOS/Android); no app download needed Receives: Device: AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) |
| Control group | Placebo comparator | Teaching format: Traditional tutorial without AR animations Learning materials: Watch 4 smokers' real-life scenario videos + read case texts only Discussion preparation: Develop quit plan using 5As model; prepare for role-play (no AR used) Role-play and simulation: Role-play based on text and video only; 5As model used Technology/tools required:No specific technology required Receives: Device: 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy in applying the 5As framework of SCC will be measured using the Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation (ProSCiTE) scale. This validated tool includes subscales measuring knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavior. The self-efficacy subscale evaluates the confidence of nursing students in delivering SCC.
Scoring:
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
Minimum score: 13 Maximum score: 65 Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy in providing SCC.
Measured: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Learning motivation and satisfaction
Learning motivation and satisfaction will be assessed using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). This validated instrument consists of 36 items designed to measure learners' reactions to instructional materials, based on Keller's ARCS model of motivation (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction).
Subscales:
Attention (12 items) Relevance (9 items) Confidence (9 items) Satisfaction (6 items)
Scoring:
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not true) to 5 (very true). Negatively worded items are reverse-scored.
Minimum total score: 36 Maximum total score: 180 Higher scores indicate greater motivation and satisfaction with the learning experience.
Measured: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of the course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)
knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Smoking Cessation Counselling
Knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) related to smoking cessation counselling (SCC) will be assessed using the Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation (ProSCiTE) scale. This validated instrument is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of SCC training among healthcare providers. In this study, the subscales measuring knowledge, attitude, and behavior will be used to assess master nursing students' understanding, perceptions, and application of the 5As framework in SCC.
Scoring:
Knowledge subscale:
Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 14 Higher scores indicate greater factual knowledge.
Attitude and Behavior subscales:
Minimum score: 8 ,19 Maximum score: 40, 95 Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes and greater engagement in SCC-related behaviors.
Measured: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of the course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jun 2025
- Study start23 May 2025
- Primary completion23 May 2025
- Study completion23 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Smoking Cessation Counseling Ability and PracticeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by The University of Hong KongThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Hong Kong
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr. Derek Yee-Tak Cheung, The University of Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07024485
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EA250324
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 3 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 17 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Research data and documentation will be available upon request.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Augmented Reality Animations in Nursing Smoking Cessation Training for Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07024485
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EA250324
- Keywords
- AR animation, nursing students, smoking cessation training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Hong KongUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This proposed study aims to develop augmented reality (AR) based intervention during the smoking cessation counselling(SCC) training for master nursing students in the University of Hong Kong.
Hypotheses to be tested: (1) AR animations can improve nursing students' knowledge, skills in SCC compared to conventional teaching methods. (2)Student satisfaction and engagement with AR-based learning can be improved. (3) The training will increase master nursing students' self-efficacy to application of 5As SCC skill.
The study is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 1:1 allocation ratio, using AR animations for intervention and control groups. The intervention group receives messages related to SCC, while the control group receives generic mental health information. The subjects are MN students enrolled in the "Tobacco Dependency Nursing Intervention and Management" course.
The study uses various tools for measurement, including Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation(ProSCiTE), and The Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). The main outcome measures include SCC practice frequency,SCC knowledge score, SCC attitude score, and SCC practice score.
Data will be entered into SPSS for Windows (version 20) for analysis. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, and mean will be used to summarize the outcomes and other variables. By intention-to-treat analysis, participants who are lost or refuse the follow-up will be treated as no change in the training outcomes. Chi-square tests and t-tests will be used to compare outcomes between intervention and control groups. The effect size, Cohen's d, will be computed for the standardized mean of the pre-post differences, both with and without adjustment for baseline characteristics. Additionally, Cohen's f will be calculated to assess the magnitude of the intervention effect in the linear mixed models. These models, which account for multiple observations per subject and clustering effects, will be used to analyze the intervention's impact on self-efficacy, motivation, and KAP. Both the main effect (group allocation) and interaction effect (group × time) will be examined to determine the intervention's effectiveness.
Detailed description
This study proposes the development and evaluation of an augmented reality (AR)-based intervention integrated into the smoking cessation counselling (SCC) training for Master of Nursing (MN) students at the University of Hong Kong. The goal is to enhance students' competencies in applying the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) in tobacco dependency interventions.
This study adopts a two-arm, waitlist-controlled, pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eligible participants are MN students enrolled in the "Tobacco Dependency Nursing Intervention and Management" course (NURS8205) in the Spring 2025 semester. Participants will be randomly assigned into intervention and control groups, stratified by tutorial group, and balanced across four trained facilitators.
Intervention Group: Receives the AR-enhanced SCC tutorial, which includes the following components:
- Viewing videos of four simulated smoker-patient scenarios.
- Reviewing case-based written materials.
- Interacting with AR animations embedded in the learning platform, which visualize behavioral counselling techniques and simulate patient-provider communication aligned with the 5As model.
Control Group: Receives the standard tutorial format, which includes:
- Viewing the same four smoker videos.
- Reading the same case-based written materials.
- No AR content is provided; instead, supplementary materials unrelated to SCC will be included to maintain time-equivalent exposure.
The intervention has been developed to align with adult learning theory and aims to enhance knowledge retention, skill application, and learner engagement. Tutors leading both intervention and control sessions will receive standardized training to ensure consistency.
Measurement and Data Collection Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-intervention), immediately post-intervention, and follow-up at 2-month post-intervention.
Key instruments include:
- Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation (ProSCiTE): This validated tool will be used to assess four constructs: knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and SCC behavior. It serves as the primary tool for evaluating changes in KAP and self-efficacy.
- Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS): Based on Keller's ARCS model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), IMMS will measure students' engagement, satisfaction, and motivation related to the learning materials.
Data Analysis Data will be analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20. Descriptive statistics (means, SDs, frequencies, and percentages) will summarize baseline characteristics and outcome variables.
Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied, where participants lost to follow-up will be assumed to have no change from baseline scores.
Independent t-tests and chi-square tests will compare primary and secondary outcomes between groups.
Effect sizes will be calculated:
Cohen's d for standardized pre-post mean differences. Cohen's f for evaluating the intervention effect size in linear mixed-effects models, which will control for repeated measures and potential clustering effects (e.g., by tutorial group or tutor).
These models will assess both:
Main effect of the intervention (between-group differences). Interaction effect between group and time (i.e., whether change over time differs between groups).
Expected Impact
It is anticipated that the AR-based intervention will lead to:
Increased self-efficacy in delivering SCC using the 5As model. Enhanced knowledge and positive attitudes toward smoking cessation. Improved SCC practice behaviors during clinical placements. Greater learner motivation and satisfaction compared to traditional tutorial methods.
This innovative pedagogical approach aligns with contemporary nursing education trends and aims to equip future nurses with effective behavioral counselling skills to address tobacco dependence.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Device: AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)Teaching format: Tutorial includes Augmented Reality (AR) animations Learning materials: Watch 4 smokers' real-life scenario videos + read case texts + interact with AR animations Discussion preparation: Develop quit plan using 5As model and AR animations; prepare for role-play Role-play and simulation: Use AR visuals to support counseling demonstration; each group role-plays using 5As model Technology/tools required:Smartphone with browser (iOS/Android); no app download needed |
| Control group | Placebo comparator | Device: 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)Teaching format: Traditional tutorial without AR animations Learning materials: Watch 4 smokers' real-life scenario videos + read case texts only Discussion preparation: Develop quit plan using 5As model; prepare for role-play (no AR used) Role-play and simulation: Role-play based on text and video only; 5As model used Technology/tools required:No specific technology required |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- master nursing students (1-2 years)
- able to read, understand, and write in English
- willing to participate in this study
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- students who have taken any training courses in the past 6 months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)The intervention group received a tutorial that incorporated Augmented Reality (AR) animations alongside conventional teaching materials. In addition to watching four real-life smoker scenario videos and reading corresponding case texts, students used their smartphones to interact with AR animations that visualized the physiological effects of smoking (e.g., lung cancer, vascular disease, aging). These animations were used during group discussions and role-play sessions, helping students to assess smokers' knowledge, illustrate health risks, and tailor counseling plans using the 5As model. The AR experience was designed to enhance learning engagement, emotional connection, and self-efficacy in delivering smoking cessation counseling. | Device | Intervention group |
| 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)The control group, received a conventional tutorial without the use of AR technology. They watched the same four smoker scenario videos and read the same case texts, then engaged in small group discussions and role-play activities to develop quit plans using the 5As counseling model. However, unlike the intervention group, their learning process relied solely on textual and video materials, without the immersive or interactive elements provided by AR. This approach represents standard smoking cessation training methods commonly used in nursing education. | Device | Control group |
Primary outcome
Self-efficacy
Time frame: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)
Self-efficacy in applying the 5As framework of SCC will be measured using the Providers Smoking Cessation Training Evaluation (ProSCiTE) scale. This validated tool includes subscales measuring knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavior. The self-efficacy subscale evaluates the confidence of nursing students in delivering SCC. Scoring: Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Minimum score: 13 Maximum score: 65 Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy in providing SCC.
2 secondary outcomes
Learning motivation and satisfaction
Time frame: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of the course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)
knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Smoking Cessation Counselling
Time frame: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of the course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Research data and documentation will be available upon request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing AR animations and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) and 5As model based on smoking cessation counseling Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) in people with Smoking Cessation Counseling Ability and Practice, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Self-efficacy (time frame: T0: Baseline (Day 1 of course) T1: Pre-tutorial (Immediately before the tutorial session) T2: Post-tutorial (Immediately after the tutorial session) T3: Follow-up (2 months after the tutorial session)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Jun 2025.