Adolescent PregnancyNCT07025265
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Education and Counseling in Pregnant Adolescents
A study testing reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling in people with Adolescent Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, run by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Adolescence is the period between the ages of 10 and 19, during which individuals undergo physiological, biological, psychological, and social development, transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Pregnancies occurring during this period are defined as adolescent pregnancies. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 19 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Adolescent Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Self-Efficacy
- What is being tested?
- reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 17 Mar 2025to 31 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 19 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Adolescent pregnant women aged 16-19 years
- Gestational age of 32 weeks or more at enrollment
- A healthy pregnancy without a known maternal or fetal complication that would interfere with participation in the study
- No known maternal or fetal condition contraindicating breastfeeding
- Able to communicate with the researcher and complete the study procedures
- Access to a reachable telephone
Show all 12Show fewer
- Provision of written informed consent
- Singleton pregnancy
- Planning to breastfeed postpartum
- No previous breast surgery
- No psychiatric disorder
- No planned relocation
Who cannot join
- A maternal or fetal complication identified before enrollment that could lead to pregnancy loss or prevent participation in the study
- A known maternal condition contraindicating breastfeeding
- A communication barrier that would prevent completion of the education, counseling, or study assessments
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Family Health Centers Affiliated With the Eyyübiye District Health Directorate
Sanliurfa, Şanlıurfa
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Antenatal Education Based on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Attitudes in Adolescent Pregnant Women
Adolescence is the period between the ages of 10 and 19, during which individuals undergo physiological, biological, psychological, and social development, transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Pregnancies occurring during this period are defined as adolescent pregnancies. In developing countries, approximately 21 million adolescent pregnancies occur annually among individuals aged 15-19, resulting in around 12 million births. According to national demographic data, a certain percentage of adolescent women have already started childbearing. Pregnancies occurring during this stage, when physical and psychosocial development is still incomplete, bring various medical and social challenges.
Adolescent pregnancies are associated with increased maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity risks and are classified as high-risk pregnancies. Therefore, adolescent mothers require close follow-up during both the antenatal and postpartum periods. However, studies indicate that adolescent mothers often fail to attend regular antenatal check-ups, receive inadequate education on breastfeeding, and consequently feel unprepared for motherhood. They tend to have low breastfeeding self-efficacy and develop negative attitudes toward breastfeeding. In the postpartum period, they also experience difficulties in initiating and maintaining breastfeeding.
Read more
Research highlights the need for education and counseling for adolescent mothers during the antenatal and postpartum periods. Providing education on breastfeeding is particularly important for improving maternal and infant health outcomes. Current approaches to breastfeeding counseling involve face-to-face training provided by healthcare professionals in medical institutions, as well as various alternative methods such as home visits, online/web-based education portals, theory-based training, text messages, emails, and phone consultations. In breastfeeding counseling, it is essential to not only provide education but also ensure continuous follow-up. Monitoring the process is expected to increase adolescent mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy, foster positive attitudes toward breastfeeding, and extend the duration of breastfeeding.
This study aims to assess the effects of antenatal education based on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and postpartum follow-up counseling on adolescent mothers' breastfeeding attitudes and self-efficacy. By enhancing their breastfeeding self-efficacy and attitudes, this study is expected to contribute to resolving challenges related to early initiation and continuation of breastfeeding in the postpartum period.
Read the detailed description
Study Population and Sample
The study population consisted of adolescent pregnant women registered at family health centers in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
The sample size was calculated using G*Power version 3.1.9.7. The calculation was based on a two-group, two-time-point repeated-measures analysis of variance for the group-by-time interaction, with a medium effect size of f = 0.25, a statistical power of 95%, and a two-sided significance level of 0.05. The required sample size was estimated as 54 participants, with 27 participants in each group. To account for possible attrition, the sample size was increased by approximately 10%. A total of 60 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Fifty-five participants completed the study.
Study Design and Randomization
This was a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Participants who met the eligibility criteria and provided written informed consent were assigned to the intervention or control group using a computer-generated 1:1 randomization list created through Randomizer.org.
Intervention Group
Participants assigned to the intervention group received two individual, face-to-face antenatal breastfeeding education sessions based on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. Each session lasted approximately 55 minutes, with a 10-minute break between sessions.
The education addressed the importance of breastfeeding, breast anatomy and lactation physiology, maternal nutrition during breastfeeding, appropriate breastfeeding techniques, infant hunger and satiety cues, breast care, common breastfeeding problems, expression and storage of breast milk, and the emotional aspects of breastfeeding. Verbal instruction, question-and-answer, demonstration, and hands-on practice were used with a flipchart, an infant model, and a breast model.
The intervention was structured according to the four sources of breastfeeding self-efficacy: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and emotional states.
Following the antenatal education, supportive text messages were sent weekly until childbirth. During the first postpartum week, participants received a 45-60-minute home visit to assess breastfeeding practices, identify breastfeeding problems, correct inappropriate practices, and provide individualized counseling and positive feedback.
During postpartum weeks 2-6, five weekly telephone counseling sessions, each lasting approximately 15 minutes, were conducted. The counseling sessions addressed participants' breastfeeding experiences, difficulties, and individual support needs. Posttest data were collected at postpartum week 6.
Control Group
Participants assigned to the control group received routine antenatal and postpartum care provided by healthcare professionals at the family health centers. No additional breastfeeding education, supportive text messages, home visits, or telephone counseling were provided by the research team during the study.
Telephone contact was limited to confirming childbirth information and collecting posttest data at postpartum week 6. After posttest data collection was completed, breastfeeding education was offered to control-group participants who requested it.
Outcome Measures and Data Collection Tools
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was the primary outcome and was assessed using the 14-item Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. The antenatal version was administered at baseline, and the postnatal version was administered at postpartum week 6.
Secondary outcomes included breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding attitudes, and satisfaction with the intervention. Breastfeeding knowledge was assessed using a 40-item researcher-developed Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Knowledge Assessment Form. Breastfeeding attitudes were assessed using the 46-item Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale. Satisfaction with the intervention was assessed only among intervention-group participants at postpartum week 6 using a 5-item researcher-developed questionnaire.
Sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and breastfeeding-related characteristics were collected using a researcher-developed Personal Information Form.
Intervention Standardization
All antenatal education sessions, text-message support, home visits, and telephone counseling sessions were delivered by the same researcher using standardized educational content and follow-up forms. The researcher had eight years of professional experience in obstetric and gynecologic nursing. Antenatal education sessions were conducted in private education rooms at the participating family health centers.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical approval was obtained from the Harran University Clinical Research Ethics Committee, and institutional permission was obtained from the Şanlıurfa Provincial Health Directorate. All participants received information about the purpose, procedures, potential benefits, voluntary nature of participation, and right to withdraw from the study without affecting the healthcare services they received. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.
- Conditions
- Adolescent Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Self-Efficacy
- Being tested
- reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling
- Keywords
- Adolescent Mothers, Breastfeeding Counseling, Prenatal Education, Postpartum Follow-Up, Lactation
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Feeding
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up CounselingBehavioural
The intervention was developed based on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and included antenatal education, supportive text messages, a postpartum home visit, and telephone counseling. The antenatal education consisted of two consecutive individual, face-to-face sessions, each lasting approximately 55 minutes, with a 10-minute break between sessions. The education addressed the importance of breastfeeding, breast anatomy and lactation physiology, maternal nutrition, breastfeeding techniques, infant hunger and satiety cues, breast care, common breastfeeding problems, expression and storage of breast milk, and the emotional aspects of breastfeeding. Verbal instruction, question-and-answer, demonstration, and hands-on practice were used with a flipchart, an infant model, and a breast model. Weekly supportive text messages were sent from completion of the antenatal education until childbirth. During the first postpartum week, a 45-60-minute home visit was conducted. Five telephone counsel
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Education and Counseling | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm received two individual, face-to-face antenatal breastfeeding education sessions based on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. Following the education, weekly supportive text messages were sent until childbirth. Postpartum support included one home visit during the first postpartum week and five weekly telephone counseling sessions during postpartum weeks 2-6. Posttest data were collected at postpartum week 6. Receives: Behavioral: reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling |
| Control Group: Routine Antenatal and Postpartum Care | No intervention | Participants assigned to this arm received routine antenatal and postpartum care provided by healthcare professionals at the family health centers. No additional breastfeeding education, text-message support, home visit, or telephone counseling was provided by the research team during the study. Telephone contact was limited to confirming childbirth information and collecting posttest data at postpartum week 6. After posttest data collection was completed, breastfeeding education was offered to control-group participants who requested it. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was assessed using the 14-item Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. The antenatal version was administered at baseline, and the postnatal version was administered at postpartum week 6. Each item is rated from 1 to 5. Total scores range from 14 (minimum) to 70 (maximum). Higher scores indicate a better outcome, reflecting greater breastfeeding self-efficacy. The outcome was defined as the change in the total score from baseline to postpartum week 6.
Measured: Baseline and postpartum week 6
Secondary outcomes (3)
Intervention Group Satisfaction With Breastfeeding Support
Satisfaction with the breastfeeding support program was assessed only among participants in the intervention group using the 5-item researcher-developed Intervention Satisfaction Form. Each item is rated from 0 to 4. Total scores range from 0 (minimum) to 20 (maximum). Higher scores indicate a better outcome, reflecting greater satisfaction with the intervention. The form evaluated satisfaction with the antenatal education, supportive text messages, postpartum home visit, telephone counseling, and overall breastfeeding support
Measured: Postpartum Week 6
Change From Baseline in Breastfeeding Knowledge Score
Breastfeeding knowledge was assessed using the 40-item researcher-developed Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Knowledge Assessment Form. Correct answers are scored as 1 and incorrect answers as 0. Total scores range from 0 (minimum) to 40 (maximum). Higher scores indicate a better outcome, reflecting greater knowledge of breast milk and breastfeeding. The outcome was defined as the change in the total score from baseline to postpartum week 6.
Measured: Baseline and postpartum week 6
Change From Baseline in Breastfeeding Attitude Score
Breastfeeding attitudes were assessed using the 46-item Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale. The scale includes 22 positively worded and 24 negatively worded items. Each item is rated from 0 to 4, and negatively worded items are reverse scored. Total scores range from 0 (minimum) to 184 (maximum). Higher scores indicate a better outcome, reflecting more positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. The outcome was defined as the change in the total score from baseline to postpartum week 6.
Measured: Baseline and postpartum week 6
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jun 2025
- Study start17 Mar 2025
- Primary completion31 Oct 2025
- Study completion31 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Adolescent PregnancyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This was a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Adolescent pregnant women were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received two sessions of theory-based antenatal breastfeeding education, weekly text-message support until birth, one home visit during the first postpartum week, and five weekly telephone counseling sessions during postpartum weeks 2-6. The control group received routine antenatal and postpartum care. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at postpartum week 6.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hatice Nur Özgen, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07025265
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- THESIS-2025-001
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 5 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: There is no current plan to share individual participant data. Data sharing was not included in the original study protocol or informed consent process.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Antenatal Education Based on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Attitudes in Adolescent Pregnant Women
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07025265
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- THESIS-2025-001
- Conditions
- Adolescent Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Self-Efficacy
- Keywords
- Adolescent Mothers, Breastfeeding Counseling, Prenatal Education, Postpartum Follow-Up, Lactation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 17 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Adolescence is the period between the ages of 10 and 19, during which individuals undergo physiological, biological, psychological, and social development, transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Pregnancies occurring during this period are defined as adolescent pregnancies. In developing countries, approximately 21 million adolescent pregnancies occur annually among individuals aged 15-19, resulting in around 12 million births. According to national demographic data, a certain percentage of adolescent women have already started childbearing. Pregnancies occurring during this stage, when physical and psychosocial development is still incomplete, bring various medical and social challenges.
Adolescent pregnancies are associated with increased maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity risks and are classified as high-risk pregnancies. Therefore, adolescent mothers require close follow-up during both the antenatal and postpartum periods. However, studies indicate that adolescent mothers often fail to attend regular antenatal check-ups, receive inadequate education on breastfeeding, and consequently feel unprepared for motherhood. They tend to have low breastfeeding self-efficacy and develop negative attitudes toward breastfeeding. In the postpartum period, they also experience difficulties in initiating and maintaining breastfeeding.
Research highlights the need for education and counseling for adolescent mothers during the antenatal and postpartum periods. Providing education on breastfeeding is particularly important for improving maternal and infant health outcomes. Current approaches to breastfeeding counseling involve face-to-face training provided by healthcare professionals in medical institutions, as well as various alternative methods such as home visits, online/web-based education portals, theory-based training, text messages, emails, and phone consultations. In breastfeeding counseling, it is essential to not only provide education but also ensure continuous follow-up. Monitoring the process is expected to increase adolescent mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy, foster positive attitudes toward breastfeeding, and extend the duration of breastfeeding.
This study aims to assess the effects of antenatal education based on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and postpartum follow-up counseling on adolescent mothers' breastfeeding attitudes and self-efficacy. By enhancing their breastfeeding self-efficacy and attitudes, this study is expected to contribute to resolving challenges related to early initiation and continuation of breastfeeding in the postpartum period.
Detailed description
Study Population and Sample
The study population consisted of adolescent pregnant women registered at family health centers in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
The sample size was calculated using G*Power version 3.1.9.7. The calculation was based on a two-group, two-time-point repeated-measures analysis of variance for the group-by-time interaction, with a medium effect size of f = 0.25, a statistical power of 95%, and a two-sided significance level of 0.05. The required sample size was estimated as 54 participants, with 27 participants in each group. To account for possible attrition, the sample size was increased by approximately 10%. A total of 60 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Fifty-five participants completed the study.
Study Design and Randomization
This was a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Participants who met the eligibility criteria and provided written informed consent were assigned to the intervention or control group using a computer-generated 1:1 randomization list created through Randomizer.org.
Intervention Group
Participants assigned to the intervention group received two individual, face-to-face antenatal breastfeeding education sessions based on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. Each session lasted approximately 55 minutes, with a 10-minute break between sessions.
The education addressed the importance of breastfeeding, breast anatomy and lactation physiology, maternal nutrition during breastfeeding, appropriate breastfeeding techniques, infant hunger and satiety cues, breast care, common breastfeeding problems, expression and storage of breast milk, and the emotional aspects of breastfeeding. Verbal instruction, question-and-answer, demonstration, and hands-on practice were used with a flipchart, an infant model, and a breast model.
The intervention was structured according to the four sources of breastfeeding self-efficacy: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and emotional states.
Following the antenatal education, supportive text messages were sent weekly until childbirth. During the first postpartum week, participants received a 45-60-minute home visit to assess breastfeeding practices, identify breastfeeding problems, correct inappropriate practices, and provide individualized counseling and positive feedback.
During postpartum weeks 2-6, five weekly telephone counseling sessions, each lasting approximately 15 minutes, were conducted. The counseling sessions addressed participants' breastfeeding experiences, difficulties, and individual support needs. Posttest data were collected at postpartum week 6.
Control Group
Participants assigned to the control group received routine antenatal and postpartum care provided by healthcare professionals at the family health centers. No additional breastfeeding education, supportive text messages, home visits, or telephone counseling were provided by the research team during the study.
Telephone contact was limited to confirming childbirth information and collecting posttest data at postpartum week 6. After posttest data collection was completed, breastfeeding education was offered to control-group participants who requested it.
Outcome Measures and Data Collection Tools
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was the primary outcome and was assessed using the 14-item Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. The antenatal version was administered at baseline, and the postnatal version was administered at postpartum week 6.
Secondary outcomes included breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding attitudes, and satisfaction with the intervention. Breastfeeding knowledge was assessed using a 40-item researcher-developed Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Knowledge Assessment Form. Breastfeeding attitudes were assessed using the 46-item Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale. Satisfaction with the intervention was assessed only among intervention-group participants at postpartum week 6 using a 5-item researcher-developed questionnaire.
Sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and breastfeeding-related characteristics were collected using a researcher-developed Personal Information Form.
Intervention Standardization
All antenatal education sessions, text-message support, home visits, and telephone counseling sessions were delivered by the same researcher using standardized educational content and follow-up forms. The researcher had eight years of professional experience in obstetric and gynecologic nursing. Antenatal education sessions were conducted in private education rooms at the participating family health centers.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical approval was obtained from the Harran University Clinical Research Ethics Committee, and institutional permission was obtained from the Şanlıurfa Provincial Health Directorate. All participants received information about the purpose, procedures, potential benefits, voluntary nature of participation, and right to withdraw from the study without affecting the healthcare services they received. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This was a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Adolescent pregnant women were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received two sessions of theory-based antenatal breastfeeding education, weekly text-message support until birth, one home visit during the first postpartum week, and five weekly telephone counseling sessions during postpartum weeks 2-6. The control group received routine antenatal and postpartum care. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at postpartum week 6.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Education and Counseling | Experimental | Behavioral: reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up CounselingParticipants assigned to this arm received two individual, face-to-face antenatal breastfeeding education sessions based on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory. Following the education, weekly supportive text messages were sent until childbirth. Postpartum support included one home visit during the first postpartum week and five weekly telephone counseling sessions during postpartum weeks 2-6. Posttest data were collected at postpartum week 6. |
| Control Group: Routine Antenatal and Postpartum Care | No intervention | –Participants assigned to this arm received routine antenatal and postpartum care provided by healthcare professionals at the family health centers. No additional breastfeeding education, text-message support, home visit, or telephone counseling was provided by the research team during the study. Telephone contact was limited to confirming childbirth information and collecting posttest data at postpartum week 6. After posttest data collection was completed, breastfeeding education was offered to control-group participants who requested it. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 19 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Adolescent pregnant women aged 16-19 years
- Gestational age of 32 weeks or more at enrollment
- A healthy pregnancy without a known maternal or fetal complication that would interfere with participation in the study
- No known maternal or fetal condition contraindicating breastfeeding
- Able to communicate with the researcher and complete the study procedures
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- A maternal or fetal complication identified before enrollment that could lead to pregnancy loss or prevent participation in the study
- A known maternal condition contraindicating breastfeeding
- A communication barrier that would prevent completion of the education, counseling, or study assessments
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up CounselingThe intervention was developed based on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory and included antenatal education, supportive text messages, a postpartum home visit, and telephone counseling. The antenatal education consisted of two consecutive individual, face-to-face sessions, each lasting approximately 55 minutes, with a 10-minute break between sessions. The education addressed the importance of breastfeeding, breast anatomy and lactation physiology, maternal nutrition, breastfeeding techniques, infant hunger and satiety cues, breast care, common breastfeeding problems, expression and storage of breast milk, and the emotional aspects of breastfeeding. Verbal instruction, question-and-answer, demonstration, and hands-on practice were used with a flipchart, an infant model, and a breast model. Weekly supportive text messages were sent from completion of the antenatal education until childbirth. During the first postpartum week, a 45-60-minute home visit was conducted. Five telephone counsel | Behavioural | Intervention Group: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Education and Counseling |
Primary outcome
Change in Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score
Time frame: Baseline and postpartum week 6
Breastfeeding self-efficacy was assessed using the 14-item Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. The antenatal version was administered at baseline, and the postnatal version was administered at postpartum week 6. Each item is rated from 1 to 5. Total scores range from 14 (minimum) to 70 (maximum). Higher scores indicate a better outcome, reflecting greater breastfeeding self-efficacy. The outcome was defined as the change in the total score from baseline to postpartum week 6.
3 secondary outcomes
Intervention Group Satisfaction With Breastfeeding Support
Time frame: Postpartum Week 6
Change From Baseline in Breastfeeding Knowledge Score
Time frame: Baseline and postpartum week 6
Change From Baseline in Breastfeeding Attitude Score
Time frame: Baseline and postpartum week 6
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. There is no current plan to share individual participant data. Data sharing was not included in the original study protocol or informed consent process.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing reastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Antenatal Education and Postpartum Follow-Up Counseling in people with Adolescent Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, run by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score (time frame: Baseline and postpartum week 6). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Aug 2026.