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Metabolic DiseaseSemaglutideNCT07043361

Efficacy of Semaglutide in Glycemic Control, Weight Loss, and Improving Lipidogram- Role of Baseline Vitamin D Levels

An observational study of Metabolic Disease, run by Hillel Yaffe Medical Center at 1 site in Israel.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Objective: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is an established therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D), offering robust glycemic control and weight reduction. Vitamin D has been implicated in metabolic regulation, yet its influence on semaglutide-induced outcomes remains unclear. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 80 years
Conditions the study is for
Metabolic Disease
What is being tested?
semaglutide
How many people
5,300 participants
Where
1 siteIsrael
Study dates
18 Dec 2023to 30 Apr 2025
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 80 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: diabetic patients on semaglutide treatment and with available baseline vitamin D levels

Who may be able to join

  • Diabetes type II treated with semaglutide
  • Available baseline vitamin D levels

Who cannot join

  • Missing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) data
  • Pregnant or lactating females

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Israel1 site
  • Leumit Health ccare system

    Hadera, 333300

Other trials in Israel

About this study

Official title: Efficacy of Semaglutide in Glycemic Control, Weight Loss, and Improving Lipid Profile- the Role of Baseline Vitamin D Levels

Objective: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is an established therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D), offering robust glycemic control and weight reduction. Vitamin D has been implicated in metabolic regulation, yet its influence on semaglutide-induced outcomes remains unclear.

Research Design and Methods: the investigators conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5,300 adults with T2D, enrolled in Leumit Health Services, who initiated semaglutide therapy between February 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022. All patients had documented serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels prior to treatment initiation. Metabolic outcomes- including glycemic control (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile- were assessed at 12 months. Associations between baseline 25(OH)D levels and metabolic changes were evaluated using multivariable regression models, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates.

Read the detailed description

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, was initially approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its superior glucose-lowering efficacy compared to oral antidiabetic agents, with a favorable safety profile regarding hypoglycemia risk. In June 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved higher doses of semaglutide for long-term weight management, marking the first pharmacologic advancement in obesity treatment since 2014 (FDA, 2021).

Semaglutide exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including delayed gastric emptying, appetite suppression, enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and reduced glucagon secretion. In individuals with overweight and obese, semaglutide induces substantial and sustained weight reduction, with an average decrease of approximately 14.9% of baseline body weight.

The pathophysiology of T2DM varies across racial and ethnic groups. For example, T2DM in Caucasian populations is primarily characterized by obesity and insulin resistance, whereas in East Asians, including the Japanese, early-onset β-cell dysfunction and insulin deficiency predominate. Consequently, the glycemic response to semaglutide is not uniform across populations. Notably, semaglutide predominantly enhances first-phase insulin secretion, an effect that may be particularly beneficial in individuals with insulin deficiency. Several blinded, controlled trials have demonstrated superior glycemic control with semaglutide in Asian populations, reinforcing the significance of insulin resistance versus insulin deficiency in determining its net metabolic effects.

While genetic and ethnic determinants of semaglutide response are largely non-modifiable, certain adjunctive interventions may optimize its therapeutic effects. Among these, vitamin D has emerged as a potential modulator of molecular pathways involved in metabolic regulation. In regard to diabetes control, vitamin D is a key immunomodulatory factor, and preclinical studies have demonstrated its protective effects against β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. In murine models, early vitamin D administration mitigated the inflammatory insults responsible for β-cell destruction, thereby preventing autoimmune diabetes onset. These findings are supported by human studies in prediabetic and newly diagnosed T2DM individuals, in whom long-term vitamin D supplementation (six months) significantly improved peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, potentially delaying diabetes progression.

Obesity has long been linked to vitamin D deficiency. While the role of vitamin D in weight loss remains debated, a recent meta-analysis highlighted its potential clinical efficacy in optimizing weight reduction. Specifically, three months of vitamin D supplementation in obese women significantly augmented weight loss and improved metabolic parameters.

Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, particularly among individuals with obesity and T2DM, supplementation may offer metabolic benefits.

To date, the relationship between vitamin D status and the metabolic effects of semaglutide has not been well characterized. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, The investigators aimed to investigate the association between baseline vitamin D levels and semaglutide-induced glycemic control and weight loss in an Israeli T2DM population.

Being tested
semaglutide
Medical subject headings
Metabolic Diseases

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • semaglutideDrug

    testing the effect of baseline vitamin D on metabolic effects of semaglutide

Study groups in NCT07043361
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
diabetic patients on semaglutidewe tested the relation between baseline vitamin D levels and metabolic amplification of semaglutide metabolic effects
Receives: Drug: semaglutide

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. relative weight loss measured by BMI

    testing semaglutide induced weight loss as a function of baseline vitamin D levels

    Measured: 12 months from semaglutide initiation

  2. glycemic control using Hgb1C

    testing semaglutide induced glycemic control as a function of baseline vitamin D levels

    Measured: 12 months from semaglutide initiation

  3. lipid control using LDL and TG

    testing semaglutide induced lipid control as a function of baseline vitamin D levels

    Measured: 12 months from semaglutide initiation

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted29 Jun 2025
  2. Study start18 Dec 2023
  3. Primary completion21 Dec 2024
  4. Study completion30 Apr 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Case crossover
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrolment
5,300 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07043361
Sponsor's protocol ID
0034-23-LEU
Other IDs
Non applicable
Acronym
Semaglutide
Status last verified
Jun 2025
First submitted
29 Apr 2025
Last updated
9 Jul 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: data is personal and secured

Publications

  • Miles KE, Kerr JL. Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Pharm Technol. 2018 Dec;34(6):281-289. doi: 10.1177/8755122518790925. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

    PubMed 34861016
  • Andersen A, Knop FK, Vilsboll T. A Pharmacological and Clinical Overview of Oral Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Drugs. 2021 Jun;81(9):1003-1030. doi: 10.1007/s40265-021-01499-w. Epub 2021 May 8.

    PubMed 33964002
  • Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, Rosas SE, Del Prato S, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, Rossing P, Tankova T, Tsapas A, Buse JB. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2022 Dec;65(12):1925-1966. doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2. Epub 2022 Sep 24.

    PubMed 36151309
  • Evans M, Morgan AR, Bain SC, Davies S, Hicks D, Brown P, Yousef Z, Dashora U, Viljoen A, Beba H, Strain WD. Meeting the Challenge of Virtual Diabetes Care: A Consensus Viewpoint on the Positioning and Value of Oral Semaglutide in Routine Clinical Practice. Diabetes Ther. 2022 Feb;13(2):225-240. doi: 10.1007/s13300-021-01201-z. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

    PubMed 35044569
  • Kalra S, Kapoor N. Oral Semaglutide: Dosage in Special Situations. Diabetes Ther. 2022 Jun;13(6):1133-1137. doi: 10.1007/s13300-022-01265-5. Epub 2022 May 7.

    PubMed 35532859
  • Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, McGowan BM, Rosenstock J, Tran MTD, Wadden TA, Wharton S, Yokote K, Zeuthen N, Kushner RF; STEP 1 Study Group. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 18;384(11):989-1002. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

    PubMed 33567185
  • Seino Y, Kuwata H, Yabe D. Incretin-based drugs for type 2 diabetes: Focus on East Asian perspectives. J Diabetes Investig. 2016 Apr;7 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):102-9. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12490. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

    PubMed 27186364
  • Yabe D, Seino Y, Fukushima M, Seino S. beta cell dysfunction versus insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Curr Diab Rep. 2015 Jun;15(6):602. doi: 10.1007/s11892-015-0602-9.

    PubMed 25944304
  • Kakei M, Yoshida M, Dezaki K, Ito K, Yamada H, Funazaki S, Kawakami M, Sugawara H, Yada T. Glucose and GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor cooperatively regulate transient receptor potential-channels to stimulate insulin secretion [Review]. Endocr J. 2016 Oct 29;63(10):867-876. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ16-0262. Epub 2016 Jul 17.

    PubMed 27321586
  • Yosida M, Dezaki K, Uchida K, Kodera S, Lam NV, Ito K, Rita RS, Yamada H, Shimomura K, Ishikawa SE, Sugawara H, Kawakami M, Tominaga M, Yada T, Kakei M. Involvement of cAMP/EPAC/TRPM2 activation in glucose- and incretin-induced insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2014 Oct;63(10):3394-403. doi: 10.2337/db13-1868. Epub 2014 May 13.

    PubMed 24824430
  • Yabe D, Yamada Y, Kaku K, Nishida T, Sato T, Seino Y. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes by baseline age and body mass index. J Diabetes Investig. 2022 Jul;13(7):1161-1174. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13773. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

    PubMed 35174649
  • Kim YG, Hahn S, Oh TJ, Park KS, Cho YM. Differences in the HbA1c-lowering efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues between Asians and non-Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Oct;16(10):900-9. doi: 10.1111/dom.12293. Epub 2014 Apr 15.

    PubMed 24655583
  • Kang YM, Cho YK, Lee J, Lee SE, Lee WJ, Park JY, Kim YJ, Jung CH, Nauck MA. Asian Subpopulations May Exhibit Greater Cardiovascular Benefit from Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials. Diabetes Metab J. 2019 Aug;43(4):410-421. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0070. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

    PubMed 30604598
  • Gysemans CA, Cardozo AK, Callewaert H, Giulietti A, Hulshagen L, Bouillon R, Eizirik DL, Mathieu C. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates expression of chemokines and cytokines in pancreatic islets: implications for prevention of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Endocrinology. 2005 Apr;146(4):1956-64. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-1322. Epub 2005 Jan 6.

    PubMed 15637289
  • Lemieux P, Weisnagel SJ, Caron AZ, Julien AS, Morisset AS, Carreau AM, Poirier J, Tchernof A, Robitaille J, Bergeron J, Marette A, Vohl MC, Gagnon C. Effects of 6-month vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and secretion: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Sep;181(3):287-299. doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-0156.

    PubMed 31344685

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Metabolic Disease, run by Hillel Yaffe Medical Center at 1 site in Israel.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Israel. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

relative weight loss measured by BMI (time frame: 12 months from semaglutide initiation). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07043361, which also lists 17 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Jul 2025.

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