Feeding DifficultiesNCT07050927
Long-Term Effect of Online Occupational Therapy-Based Parent Training on Feeding Problems in Infants
A study testing Online occupational therapy group training in people with Feeding Difficulties and Feeding Problems, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study type is a clinical trial (randomized controlled longitudinal study). The primary purpose is to determine whether an online occupational therapy-based parent training program can prevent or reduce feeding problems, improve parental attitudes, and decrease parenting stress in mothers of infants. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Feeding Difficulties, Feeding Problems, Food Neophobia
- What is being tested?
- Online occupational therapy group training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 33 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 30 Jul 2025to 30 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Mothers of typically developing infants aged between 18 and 24 months
- Mothers who report a stress level of 7 or above on a visual analog scale regarding their child's feeding process
- Mothers who have the necessary technical equipment to follow the occupational therapy training via online platforms
Who cannot join
- Infants born prematurely or diagnosed with significant neurological or developmental conditions
- Infants who receive any diagnosis during the intervention or follow-up period
- Mothers in the intervention group who miss more than one training session
- Mothers who are currently receiving or have previously received occupational therapy or feeding counseling
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Ankara Medipol University
Ankara, Altındağ, 0650
About this study
Official title: Long-Term Effect of Online Occupational Therapy-Based Parent Training on Feeding Problems in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study
This study type is a clinical trial (randomized controlled longitudinal study). The primary purpose is to determine whether an online occupational therapy-based parent training program can prevent or reduce feeding problems, improve parental attitudes, and decrease parenting stress in mothers of infants.
The participant population includes female caregivers (mothers) of typically developing infants aged 18 to 24 months. All participants are healthy volunteers.
Read more
The main research questions this study aims to answer are:
Does online occupational therapy-based parent training reduce feeding problems in infants (e.g., food refusal, resistance, sensory-based rejection)? Does the training improve maternal attitudes related to feeding and reduce parenting-related stress? Comparison group: Researchers will compare the outcomes of mothers who receive the online training (intervention group) with those who receive no intervention (control group) to determine the effectiveness of the program.
Participants will be asked to:
Complete baseline assessment forms prior to randomization
If in the intervention group:
Attend a 4-week online group training program (one session per week) via a secure Zoom® platform Participate in follow-up assessments at 6 months and 12 months post-training
All participants (in both groups) will:
Complete standardized assessment tools at three time points (baseline, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up), including:
Sociodemographic Information Form Infant Adaptive Feeding Behavior Scale Feeding Process Parental Attitude Scale Parenting Stress Scale
- Conditions
- Feeding Difficulties, Feeding Problems, Food Neophobia
- Being tested
- Online occupational therapy group training
- Keywords
- pediatrics, early childhood, telerehabilitation, parent training, group training, occupational therapy, feeding, feeding difficulties, feeding problems
- Medical subject headings
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Online occupational therapy group trainingBehavioural
The intervention is a 4-week online parent training program based on occupational therapy principles, delivered via secure Zoom sessions once per week. Each session lasts approximately 60-75 minutes and focuses on topics such as feeding skill development, sensory-based feeding difficulties, responsive parenting strategies, and stress management techniques. The training includes interactive discussions and practical suggestions for daily feeding routines. Supporting materials, such as PDF slides and short demonstration videos, are shared with participants after each session. Attendance in at least three sessions is required to remain in the study.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Parent Training Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a 4-week online occupational therapy-based parent training via secure Zoom sessions. The training focuses on feeding skills development, sensory strategies, parenting attitudes, and stress management. Participants will complete assessments at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using standardized tools to evaluate infant feeding behavior, parental attitudes, and parenting stress Receives: Behavioral: Online occupational therapy group training |
| Non-intervention Group | No intervention | Participants in this group will not receive any intervention during the study period. They will complete the same assessments as the intervention group at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months to monitor changes in infant feeding behavior, parental attitudes, and parenting stress. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Adaptive Eating Behavior in Infancy Scale
The Infant Adaptive Feeding Behavior Scale (IAFBS) was developed by Dilsiz and Dağ in 2018 to assess the eating behaviors of children aged 9 to 36 months. The scale consists of 20 items and four factors: "Reluctance," "Resistance," "Reaction to Main Meal Structure," and "Sensory-Related Food Refusal." Items 1-8 measure the reluctance factor; items 9-12 measure resistance; items 13-16 assess reactions to meal structure; and items 17-20 evaluate food refusal related to sensory issues.
Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "Never" to "Always," scored as follows: never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, usually = 4, always = 5. However, item 2 ("reaches spontaneously for food during meals") reflects a positive feeding behavior and is reverse-scored. All other items are scored in the standard direction.
The total score ranges from 20 to 100. Higher total and subscale scores indicate more severe feeding behavior problems in infants aged 9 to 36 months.
Measured: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up
Maternal Attitudes Scale in the Feeding Process
This scale was developed in 2018 by Dilsiz and Dağ with the aim of identifying problematic areas in maternal attitudes during the feeding process, based on the interactional dimension of feeding between the mother and child. The Feeding Process Parental Attitude Scale (FPPAS) is used to assess the feeding-related attitudes of mothers with children aged 9 to 72 months. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale with response options ranging from "Never" to "Always." The scale consists of 27 items and includes the following subscales: Negative Emotional State During Meals, Attitudes Toward Inadequate/Unbalanced Nutrition, Negative Feeding Strategies, Forceful Feeding, and Reaction to Others' Opinions. The total score ranges from 27 to 135. Higher scores on the total scale and subscales indicate a greater presence of problematic maternal attitudes regarding the feeding process.
Measured: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up
Parental Stress Scale
The Parenting Stress Scale was developed by Aydoğan and Özbay in 2017 to measure the stress experienced by parents of typically developing children in relation to their parenting role. The scale consists of 18 items and has a single-factor structure that includes the parent, the parent-child relationship, and characteristics of the child. It is a Likert-type instrument rated from 0 ("Does not describe at all") to 4 ("Describes very well"). The total score ranges from 0 to 72, with higher scores indicating higher levels of parenting stress. The scale is easily applicable to parents who have at least one child and have completed primary education or higher.
Measured: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Jul 2025
- Study start30 Jul 2025
- Primary completion30 Aug 2025
- Study completion30 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Feeding DifficultiesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rukiye Begüm KOCA, Ankara Medipol University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07050927
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Decision No: 112
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IPD will not be shared to protect participant confidentiality and comply with ethical standards.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Long-Term Effect of Online Occupational Therapy-Based Parent Training on Feeding Problems in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07050927
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Decision No: 112
- Conditions
- Feeding Difficulties, Feeding Problems, Food Neophobia
- Keywords
- pediatrics, early childhood, telerehabilitation, parent training, group training, occupational therapy, feeding, feeding difficulties
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study type is a clinical trial (randomized controlled longitudinal study). The primary purpose is to determine whether an online occupational therapy-based parent training program can prevent or reduce feeding problems, improve parental attitudes, and decrease parenting stress in mothers of infants.
The participant population includes female caregivers (mothers) of typically developing infants aged 18 to 24 months. All participants are healthy volunteers.
The main research questions this study aims to answer are:
Does online occupational therapy-based parent training reduce feeding problems in infants (e.g., food refusal, resistance, sensory-based rejection)? Does the training improve maternal attitudes related to feeding and reduce parenting-related stress? Comparison group: Researchers will compare the outcomes of mothers who receive the online training (intervention group) with those who receive no intervention (control group) to determine the effectiveness of the program.
Participants will be asked to:
Complete baseline assessment forms prior to randomization
If in the intervention group:
Attend a 4-week online group training program (one session per week) via a secure Zoom® platform Participate in follow-up assessments at 6 months and 12 months post-training
All participants (in both groups) will:
Complete standardized assessment tools at three time points (baseline, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up), including:
Sociodemographic Information Form Infant Adaptive Feeding Behavior Scale Feeding Process Parental Attitude Scale Parenting Stress Scale
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Parent Training Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Online occupational therapy group trainingParticipants in this group will receive a 4-week online occupational therapy-based parent training via secure Zoom sessions. The training focuses on feeding skills development, sensory strategies, parenting attitudes, and stress management. Participants will complete assessments at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using standardized tools to evaluate infant feeding behavior, parental attitudes, and parenting stress |
| Non-intervention Group | No intervention | –Participants in this group will not receive any intervention during the study period. They will complete the same assessments as the intervention group at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months to monitor changes in infant feeding behavior, parental attitudes, and parenting stress. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Mothers of typically developing infants aged between 18 and 24 months
- Mothers who report a stress level of 7 or above on a visual analog scale regarding their child's feeding process
- Mothers who have the necessary technical equipment to follow the occupational therapy training via online platforms
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Infants born prematurely or diagnosed with significant neurological or developmental conditions
- Infants who receive any diagnosis during the intervention or follow-up period
- Mothers in the intervention group who miss more than one training session
- Mothers who are currently receiving or have previously received occupational therapy or feeding counseling
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Online occupational therapy group trainingThe intervention is a 4-week online parent training program based on occupational therapy principles, delivered via secure Zoom sessions once per week. Each session lasts approximately 60-75 minutes and focuses on topics such as feeding skill development, sensory-based feeding difficulties, responsive parenting strategies, and stress management techniques. The training includes interactive discussions and practical suggestions for daily feeding routines. Supporting materials, such as PDF slides and short demonstration videos, are shared with participants after each session. Attendance in at least three sessions is required to remain in the study. | Behavioural | Parent Training Group |
Primary outcome
Adaptive Eating Behavior in Infancy Scale
Time frame: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up
The Infant Adaptive Feeding Behavior Scale (IAFBS) was developed by Dilsiz and Dağ in 2018 to assess the eating behaviors of children aged 9 to 36 months. The scale consists of 20 items and four factors: "Reluctance," "Resistance," "Reaction to Main Meal Structure," and "Sensory-Related Food Refusal." Items 1-8 measure the reluctance factor; items 9-12 measure resistance; items 13-16 assess reactions to meal structure; and items 17-20 evaluate food refusal related to sensory issues. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "Never" to "Always," scored as follows: never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, usually = 4, always = 5. However, item 2 ("reaches spontaneously for food during meals") reflects a positive feeding behavior and is reverse-scored. All other items are scored in the standard direction. The total score ranges from 20 to 100. Higher total and subscale scores indicate more severe feeding behavior problems in infants aged 9 to 36 months.
Maternal Attitudes Scale in the Feeding Process
Time frame: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up
This scale was developed in 2018 by Dilsiz and Dağ with the aim of identifying problematic areas in maternal attitudes during the feeding process, based on the interactional dimension of feeding between the mother and child. The Feeding Process Parental Attitude Scale (FPPAS) is used to assess the feeding-related attitudes of mothers with children aged 9 to 72 months. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale with response options ranging from "Never" to "Always." The scale consists of 27 items and includes the following subscales: Negative Emotional State During Meals, Attitudes Toward Inadequate/Unbalanced Nutrition, Negative Feeding Strategies, Forceful Feeding, and Reaction to Others' Opinions. The total score ranges from 27 to 135. Higher scores on the total scale and subscales indicate a greater presence of problematic maternal attitudes regarding the feeding process.
Parental Stress Scale
Time frame: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up
The Parenting Stress Scale was developed by Aydoğan and Özbay in 2017 to measure the stress experienced by parents of typically developing children in relation to their parenting role. The scale consists of 18 items and has a single-factor structure that includes the parent, the parent-child relationship, and characteristics of the child. It is a Likert-type instrument rated from 0 ("Does not describe at all") to 4 ("Describes very well"). The total score ranges from 0 to 72, with higher scores indicating higher levels of parenting stress. The scale is easily applicable to parents who have at least one child and have completed primary education or higher.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IPD will not be shared to protect participant confidentiality and comply with ethical standards.
Related trials for Feeding Difficulties
Active, not recruiting
Parent Tube Weaning Interviews
Feeding Difficulties, Remote Patient Monitoring
Recruiting
Online Feeding Education for Fathers of Children With Feeding Problems
Feeding Problems, Parent Training
RecruitingObservational study
Validation of the D-TAP Parental Questionnaire for Early Screening of Pediatric Feeding Disorder in Hospitalized Children Aged 8 to 18 Months
Pediatric Feeding Disorder, Feeding Difficulties in Infants and Young Children
Recruiting
The Effects of Pacifier-Activated Lullaby on Oral Feeding Among Preterm Infants
Dysphagia of Newborn
Enrolling by invitation
Effects of FEED@Home Intervention
Dementia, Dementia Severe
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Online occupational therapy group training in people with Feeding Difficulties and Feeding Problems, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Adaptive Eating Behavior in Infancy Scale (time frame: T₀ - Baseline: Pre-training, first assessment after randomization T₁ - Post-intervention: Immediately after training completion T₂ - 6-month follow-up T₃ - 12-month follow-up). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Aug 2026.