Pain Assessment ScalesNCT07051304
Video-Based Versus Numerical Pain Assessment in Postoperative Patients: A Pilot Study
An observational study of Pain Assessment Scales, run by Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this observational pilot study is to evaluate whether video-based visual scenarios representing different levels of pain are preferred over the traditional Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) by postoperative patients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain Assessment Scales
- What is being tested?
- numerical rating scale and Video-Based Pain Expression Scenarios
- How many people
- 240 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Oct 2025to 4 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population consists of adult postoperative patients (aged 18 years and older) who are recovering in the recovery room following any type of surgery. Participants must be conscious, cooperative, and capable of evaluating and expressing their pain using both video-based scenarios and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). All participants will provide written informed consent prior to participation. The population will include a range of age and gender groups to allow evaluation of method preference across demographic subgroups.
Who may be able to join
- Age ≥ 18 years
- Undergoing any type of surgery
- Admitted to the postoperative recovery unit (PACU) in stable condition
- Able to understand and respond to questions
- Provide written informed consent (ICF)
Who cannot join
- Age < 18 years
- Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
- Visual impairment or blindness
- Impaired consciousness or cognitive inability to complete the questionnaire
- History of psychiatric illness
- Planned postoperative ICU admission
- Patients undergoing surgery for intracranial mass
- History of seizure disorders
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Health Science University İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital
Istanbul, Istanbul, 34303
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Patient Preference and Interpretability of Video-Based Pain Expression Scenarios Compared to the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in the Postoperative Period: A Prospective Single-Center Pilot Study
The goal of this observational pilot study is to evaluate whether video-based visual scenarios representing different levels of pain are preferred over the traditional Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) by postoperative patients. The study also investigates the clarity and interpretability of both methods and examines the level of agreement between the selected video and the reported NRS score.
Read the detailed description
This prospective, observational, single-center pilot study evaluates the usability and preference of a novel video-based pain expression method compared to the standard Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in postoperative adult patients. Videos representing 5 different pain intensities (NRS 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10) were created using AI-assisted scenario generation and VEO-3 video production tools. Each video features age- and sex-matched models (male and female in three age categories: 18-44, 45-65, >65 years) demonstrating realistic, simulated pain expressions.
In the recovery unit, patients aged 18 and above will be shown the video series and asked to:
Select the video that best reflects their current pain
Report their pain using the NRS
Indicate which method (video or NRS) they prefer for expressing pain
Indicate which method they found easier to understand
Collected data will include demographic variables, surgical details, comorbidities, and responses to the pain assessment tools. The study will enroll at least 82 participants based on power analysis.
Data will be anonymized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square, Spearman correlation, and p<0.05 significance level.
The planned sample size was amended prior to the enrollment of the first patient, increasing from 120 to 240 participants. This adjustment was made to ensure sufficient statistical power for planned subgroup analyses.
- Conditions
- Pain Assessment Scales
- Being tested
- numerical rating scale, Video-Based Pain Expression Scenarios
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
numerical rating scaleOther
The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a standardized, self-reported pain assessment tool in which patients are asked to rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 to 10.
0 represents "no pain"
10 represents "the worst pain imaginable"
Video-Based Pain Expression ScenariosOther
This novel pain assessment method involves showing postoperative patients a set of pre-recorded video scenarios that visually represent different levels of pain intensity. The videos are 8 seconds long and were created using AI-generated scripts and VEO-3 software. Each scenario corresponds to a specific Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) range (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10) and is portrayed by actors matched to the patient's age group and gender (18-44, 45-65, >65 years; male and female versions available).
Participants are asked to watch the full video set and select the one that best represents their current postoperative pain experience. This intervention is designed to offer a visual and contextual method of pain expression, particularly beneficial for patients who have difficulty understanding or using abstract numerical scales.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Patient Preference Between Video-Based and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Assessment Methods
This outcome evaluates which pain assessment method patients prefer after being exposed to both the video-based pain expression scenarios and the traditional NRS scale. Patients will be asked, "Which method did you prefer to express your pain?" and their answers (Video or NRS) will be recorded. The result will be reported as the proportion of participants preferring each method.
Measured: Immediately after postoperative evaluation in the recovery unit (within 1 hour after surgery)
Secondary outcomes (3)
Concordance Between Selected Video and Reported NRS Score
Assesses the degree of agreement between the video that the patient selects to represent their pain and the corresponding NRS score they provide.
Measured: Immediately after postoperative evaluation
Perceived Clarity of Pain Assessment Methods
Evaluates which method (Video or NRS) patients found easier to understand. Patients will answer the question: "Which method was easier for you to understand when expressing your pain?" The outcome will be reported as the frequency and percentage distribution of preferences.
Measured: Immediately after postoperative evaluation
Influence of Demographics on Method Preference
This outcome will analyze whether age or sex affects the patient's preference for either the video-based or NRS method. Subgroup analysis will be performed to explore trends in preference across different demographic categories.
Measured: Immediately after postoperative evaluation
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Jul 2025
- Study start15 Oct 2025
- Primary completion15 Dec 2025
- Study completion4 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Pain Assessment ScalesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 240 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Engin Ihsan Turan, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Engin ihsan Turan, Specialist, Principal investigator, Health Science University İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07051304
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- pain assesment with videos
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Patient Preference and Interpretability of Video-Based Pain Expression Scenarios Compared to the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in the Postoperative Period: A Prospective Single-Center Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07051304
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- pain assesment with videos
- Conditions
- Pain Assessment Scales
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 240 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 4 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this observational pilot study is to evaluate whether video-based visual scenarios representing different levels of pain are preferred over the traditional Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) by postoperative patients. The study also investigates the clarity and interpretability of both methods and examines the level of agreement between the selected video and the reported NRS score.
Detailed description
This prospective, observational, single-center pilot study evaluates the usability and preference of a novel video-based pain expression method compared to the standard Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in postoperative adult patients. Videos representing 5 different pain intensities (NRS 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10) were created using AI-assisted scenario generation and VEO-3 video production tools. Each video features age- and sex-matched models (male and female in three age categories: 18-44, 45-65, >65 years) demonstrating realistic, simulated pain expressions.
In the recovery unit, patients aged 18 and above will be shown the video series and asked to:
Select the video that best reflects their current pain
Report their pain using the NRS
Indicate which method (video or NRS) they prefer for expressing pain
Indicate which method they found easier to understand
Collected data will include demographic variables, surgical details, comorbidities, and responses to the pain assessment tools. The study will enroll at least 82 participants based on power analysis.
Data will be anonymized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square, Spearman correlation, and p<0.05 significance level.
The planned sample size was amended prior to the enrollment of the first patient, increasing from 120 to 240 participants. This adjustment was made to ensure sufficient statistical power for planned subgroup analyses.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study population consists of adult postoperative patients (aged 18 years and older) who are recovering in the recovery room following any type of surgery. Participants must be conscious, cooperative, and capable of evaluating and expressing their pain using both video-based scenarios and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). All participants will provide written informed consent prior to participation. The population will include a range of age and gender groups to allow evaluation of method preference across demographic subgroups.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age ≥ 18 years
- Undergoing any type of surgery
- Admitted to the postoperative recovery unit (PACU) in stable condition
- Able to understand and respond to questions
- Provide written informed consent (ICF)
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Age < 18 years
- Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
- Visual impairment or blindness
- Impaired consciousness or cognitive inability to complete the questionnaire
- History of psychiatric illness
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| numerical rating scaleThe Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a standardized, self-reported pain assessment tool in which patients are asked to rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 represents "no pain" 10 represents "the worst pain imaginable" | Other | – |
| Video-Based Pain Expression ScenariosThis novel pain assessment method involves showing postoperative patients a set of pre-recorded video scenarios that visually represent different levels of pain intensity. The videos are 8 seconds long and were created using AI-generated scripts and VEO-3 software. Each scenario corresponds to a specific Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) range (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10) and is portrayed by actors matched to the patient's age group and gender (18-44, 45-65, >65 years; male and female versions available). Participants are asked to watch the full video set and select the one that best represents their current postoperative pain experience. This intervention is designed to offer a visual and contextual method of pain expression, particularly beneficial for patients who have difficulty understanding or using abstract numerical scales. | Other | – |
Primary outcome
Patient Preference Between Video-Based and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Assessment Methods
Time frame: Immediately after postoperative evaluation in the recovery unit (within 1 hour after surgery)
This outcome evaluates which pain assessment method patients prefer after being exposed to both the video-based pain expression scenarios and the traditional NRS scale. Patients will be asked, "Which method did you prefer to express your pain?" and their answers (Video or NRS) will be recorded. The result will be reported as the proportion of participants preferring each method.
3 secondary outcomes
Concordance Between Selected Video and Reported NRS Score
Time frame: Immediately after postoperative evaluation
Perceived Clarity of Pain Assessment Methods
Time frame: Immediately after postoperative evaluation
Influence of Demographics on Method Preference
Time frame: Immediately after postoperative evaluation
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Engin ihsan Turan, Specialist principal investigator
Health Science University İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Pain Assessment Scales, run by Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Patient Preference Between Video-Based and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Assessment Methods (time frame: Immediately after postoperative evaluation in the recovery unit (within 1 hour after surgery)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Jan 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.