Neuromuscular ControlNCT07061314
Comparison of Lower Limb COP and Muscle Activation During Single-Leg Deadlift Using Elastic and Inelastic Barbells
A study testing Elastic Barbell and Inelastic Barbell in people with Neuromuscular Control and Functional Training, run by Busan University of Foreign Studies at 1 site in South Korea.
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the effects of barbell type (elastic vs. inelastic) and lifting speed on lower limb balance and muscle activation during the Single-Leg Deadlift (SLDL) exercise. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Neuromuscular Control, Functional Training, Lower Limb Stability
- What is being tested?
- Elastic Barbell and Inelastic Barbell
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 27 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSouth Korea
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2025to 28 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- No history of musculoskeletal disorders in the past 6 months
- At least 1 year of experience in resistance or functional training
- Able to perform single-leg deadlift exercise safely
- Provided written informed consent
Who cannot join
- History of lower extremity surgery or major musculoskeletal injury within the past year
- Current pain or symptoms in the hip, knee, or ankle joints
- Neurological, cardiovascular, or balance disorders
- Participation in other conflicting research studies within the last 3 months
- Inability to maintain single-leg stance for at least 5 seconds
- Presence of skin irritation or condition at electrode placement sites
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study aims to investigate the effects of barbell type (elastic vs. inelastic) and lifting speed on lower limb balance and muscle activation during the Single-Leg Deadlift (SLDL) exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, healthy adults performed SLDL at three different movement speeds while center of pressure (COP) and electromyographic (EMG) responses were measured. The study seeks to determine whether elastic barbells, which create top-down perturbations, enhance neuromuscular control and postural stability more effectively than traditional inelastic barbells.
Read the detailed description
This randomized clinical trial examines how barbell type and movement speed affect lower limb stability and muscle activation during Single-Leg Deadlift (SLDL) exercises. The intervention compares elastic barbells-designed to generate upper-limb-initiated dynamic perturbations-to conventional inelastic barbells. Twenty-seven healthy adults with prior resistance training experience participated in the study. All participants performed SLDL using both barbell types across three speeds: normal (2 seconds), fast (1 second), and power (as fast as possible).
Center of Pressure (COP) data were recorded using a force platform to assess anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) sway. Surface electromyography (EMG) was collected from eight lower limb muscles to evaluate neuromuscular responses. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
The findings revealed that elastic barbells significantly reduced COP displacement and increased activation in the gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius muscles-particularly at high movement speeds. These results suggest that elastic barbells may improve dynamic stability and neuromuscular coordination, offering potential applications in sports rehabilitation and unilateral training programs.
- Being tested
- Elastic Barbell, Inelastic Barbell
- Keywords
- Single-Leg Deadlift, elastic barbell, inelastic barbell, sports rehabilitation, neuromuscular control
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Elastic BarbellDevice
A flexible plastic barbell that creates top-down perturbations during movement. Participants perform single-leg deadlifts using this elastic bar at three different speeds: normal (2 sec), fast (1 sec), and power (as fast as possible). The bar is loaded to 30% of the participant's estimated 1RM.
Inelastic BarbellDevice
A standard rigid steel barbell with no elasticity. Participants perform single-leg deadlifts using this barbell under the same speed conditions and loading parameters as the elastic barbell.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Group Crossover | Experimental | Participants will perform single-leg deadlifts under two loading conditions: an elastic barbell and an inelastic barbell. Each condition will be tested at three different movement speeds (normal, fast, and power) in randomized order. Each participant completes all conditions as part of a within-subject repeated measures design Receives: Device: Elastic Barbell; Device: Inelastic Barbell |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Center of Pressure Displacement - Anterior-Posterior (AP)
The range of anterior-posterior (AP) sway displacement (in centimeters) will be measured using a force platform (AMTI OR6). Participants perform SLDL under both barbell conditions at three different movement speeds. Lower values indicate greater postural stability.
Measured: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)
Center of Pressure Displacement - Medial-Lateral (ML)
The range of medial-lateral (ML) sway displacement (in centimeters) will be measured using a force platform (AMTI OR6). The COP variability is analyzed as an indicator of dynamic balance control.
Measured: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)
Muscle Activation of Lower Limb Muscles (%MVIC)
Surface electromyography (EMG) will be used to measure muscle activation in eight lower limb muscles during single-leg deadlifts under elastic and inelastic barbell conditions at three movement speeds (normal, fast, power). The muscles assessed include gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior.
EMG signals will be processed using RMS and normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Increased %MVIC indicates higher neuromuscular demand under perturbation.
Measured: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Jul 2025
- Study start15 Feb 2025
- Primary completion20 Feb 2025
- Study completion28 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (32)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Neuromuscular ControlStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Crossover Assignment
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 27 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Busan University of Foreign Studies
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ji Hwan Jeong, Busan University of Foreign Studies
- Investigators
- Ji Hwan Jeong, MSc, Principal investigator, Department of Sports and Health Convergence
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07061314
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BUFS-SLDL-2025
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 2 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 11 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be shared via Figshare. The data will include demographic information, raw data from the assessments, and any other relevant data collected during the study.
Publications
Ditroilo M, O'Sullivan R, Harnan B, Crossey A, Gillmor B, Dardis W, Grainger A. Water-filled training tubes increase core muscle activation and somatosensory control of balance during squat. J Sports Sci. 2018 Sep;36(17):2002-2008. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1431868. Epub 2018 Jan 24.
PubMed 29364062Saeterbakken AH, Fimland MS. Muscle force output and electromyographic activity in squats with various unstable surfaces. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jan;27(1):130-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d43.
PubMed 22450254Badier M, Guillot C, Lagier-Tessonnier F, Burnet H, Jammes Y. EMG power spectrum of respiratory and skeletal muscles during static contraction in healthy man. Muscle Nerve. 1993 Jun;16(6):601-9. doi: 10.1002/mus.880160605.
PubMed 8502257Rutherford DJ, Hubley-Kozey CL, Stanish WD. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction exercises: a methodological investigation in moderate knee osteoarthritis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011 Feb;21(1):154-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.09.004.
PubMed 20926310Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000 Oct;10(5):361-74. doi: 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4.
PubMed 11018445Lafond D, Corriveau H, Hebert R, Prince F. Intrasession reliability of center of pressure measures of postural steadiness in healthy elderly people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jun;85(6):896-901. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.089.
PubMed 15179642Lopez-de-Celis C, Sanchez-Alfonso N, Rodriguez-Sanz J, Romani-Sanchez S, Labata-Lezaun N, Canet-Vintro M, Aiguade R, Perez-Bellmunt A. Quadriceps and gluteus medius activity during stable and unstable loading exercises in athletes. A cross-sectional study. J Orthop Res. 2024 Feb;42(2):317-325. doi: 10.1002/jor.25680. Epub 2023 Aug 27.
PubMed 37593805Morrissey MC, Harman EA, Johnson MJ. Resistance training modes: specificity and effectiveness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):648-60.
PubMed 7674868Hutchison RE, Caterisano A. Comparison of Peak Ground Reaction Force, Joint Kinetics and Kinematics, and Muscle Activity Between a Flexible and Steel Barbell During the Back Squat Exercise. J Hum Kinet. 2019 Aug 21;68:99-108. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0059. eCollection 2019 Aug.
PubMed 31531136Glass SC, Wisneski KA. Effect of Instability Training on Compensatory Muscle Activation during Perturbation Challenge in Young Adults. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 Sep 15;8(3):136. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8030136.
PubMed 37754969Mansfield A, Wong JS, Bryce J, Knorr S, Patterson KK. Does perturbation-based balance training prevent falls? Systematic review and meta-analysis of preliminary randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2015 May;95(5):700-9. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140090. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
PubMed 25524873Pai YC, Bhatt T, Yang F, Wang E. Perturbation training can reduce community-dwelling older adults' annual fall risk: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Dec;69(12):1586-94. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu087. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
PubMed 24966227Smania N, Corato E, Tinazzi M, Stanzani C, Fiaschi A, Girardi P, Gandolfi M. Effect of balance training on postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010 Nov-Dec;24(9):826-34. doi: 10.1177/1545968310376057.
PubMed 21045119Nairn BC, Sutherland CA, Drake JD. Motion and Muscle Activity Are Affected by Instability Location During a Squat Exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Mar;31(3):677-685. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001745.
PubMed 27930445Drinkwater EJ, Pritchett EJ, Behm DG. Effect of instability and resistance on unintentional squat-lifting kinetics. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007 Dec;2(4):400-13. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2.4.400.
PubMed 19171958
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Lower Limb COP and Muscle Activation During Single-Leg Deadlift Using Elastic and Inelastic Barbells
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07061314
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BUFS-SLDL-2025
- Keywords
- Single-Leg Deadlift, elastic barbell, inelastic barbell, sports rehabilitation, neuromuscular control
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 27 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Busan University of Foreign StudiesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the effects of barbell type (elastic vs. inelastic) and lifting speed on lower limb balance and muscle activation during the Single-Leg Deadlift (SLDL) exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, healthy adults performed SLDL at three different movement speeds while center of pressure (COP) and electromyographic (EMG) responses were measured. The study seeks to determine whether elastic barbells, which create top-down perturbations, enhance neuromuscular control and postural stability more effectively than traditional inelastic barbells.
Detailed description
This randomized clinical trial examines how barbell type and movement speed affect lower limb stability and muscle activation during Single-Leg Deadlift (SLDL) exercises. The intervention compares elastic barbells-designed to generate upper-limb-initiated dynamic perturbations-to conventional inelastic barbells. Twenty-seven healthy adults with prior resistance training experience participated in the study. All participants performed SLDL using both barbell types across three speeds: normal (2 seconds), fast (1 second), and power (as fast as possible).
Center of Pressure (COP) data were recorded using a force platform to assess anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) sway. Surface electromyography (EMG) was collected from eight lower limb muscles to evaluate neuromuscular responses. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
The findings revealed that elastic barbells significantly reduced COP displacement and increased activation in the gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius muscles-particularly at high movement speeds. These results suggest that elastic barbells may improve dynamic stability and neuromuscular coordination, offering potential applications in sports rehabilitation and unilateral training programs.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Crossover Assignment
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Group Crossover | Experimental | Device: Elastic Barbell, Device: Inelastic BarbellParticipants will perform single-leg deadlifts under two loading conditions: an elastic barbell and an inelastic barbell. Each condition will be tested at three different movement speeds (normal, fast, and power) in randomized order. Each participant completes all conditions as part of a within-subject repeated measures design |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- No history of musculoskeletal disorders in the past 6 months
- At least 1 year of experience in resistance or functional training
- Able to perform single-leg deadlift exercise safely
- Provided written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of lower extremity surgery or major musculoskeletal injury within the past year
- Current pain or symptoms in the hip, knee, or ankle joints
- Neurological, cardiovascular, or balance disorders
- Participation in other conflicting research studies within the last 3 months
- Inability to maintain single-leg stance for at least 5 seconds
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Elastic BarbellA flexible plastic barbell that creates top-down perturbations during movement. Participants perform single-leg deadlifts using this elastic bar at three different speeds: normal (2 sec), fast (1 sec), and power (as fast as possible). The bar is loaded to 30% of the participant's estimated 1RM. | Device | Single-Group Crossover |
| Inelastic BarbellA standard rigid steel barbell with no elasticity. Participants perform single-leg deadlifts using this barbell under the same speed conditions and loading parameters as the elastic barbell. | Device | Single-Group Crossover |
Primary outcome
Center of Pressure Displacement - Anterior-Posterior (AP)
Time frame: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)
The range of anterior-posterior (AP) sway displacement (in centimeters) will be measured using a force platform (AMTI OR6). Participants perform SLDL under both barbell conditions at three different movement speeds. Lower values indicate greater postural stability.
Center of Pressure Displacement - Medial-Lateral (ML)
Time frame: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)
The range of medial-lateral (ML) sway displacement (in centimeters) will be measured using a force platform (AMTI OR6). The COP variability is analyzed as an indicator of dynamic balance control.
Muscle Activation of Lower Limb Muscles (%MVIC)
Time frame: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)
Surface electromyography (EMG) will be used to measure muscle activation in eight lower limb muscles during single-leg deadlifts under elastic and inelastic barbell conditions at three movement speeds (normal, fast, power). The muscles assessed include gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior. EMG signals will be processed using RMS and normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Increased %MVIC indicates higher neuromuscular demand under perturbation.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jul 2025.
- Background: PubMed 29364062Ditroilo M, O'Sullivan R, Harnan B, Crossey A, Gillmor B, Dardis W, Grainger A. Water-filled training tubes increase core muscle activation and somatosensory control of balance during squat. J Sports Sci. 2018 Sep;36(17):2002-2008. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1431868. Epub 2018 Jan 24.
- Background: PubMed 22450254Saeterbakken AH, Fimland MS. Muscle force output and electromyographic activity in squats with various unstable surfaces. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jan;27(1):130-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d43.
- Background: PubMed 8502257Badier M, Guillot C, Lagier-Tessonnier F, Burnet H, Jammes Y. EMG power spectrum of respiratory and skeletal muscles during static contraction in healthy man. Muscle Nerve. 1993 Jun;16(6):601-9. doi: 10.1002/mus.880160605.
- Background: PubMed 20926310Rutherford DJ, Hubley-Kozey CL, Stanish WD. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction exercises: a methodological investigation in moderate knee osteoarthritis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011 Feb;21(1):154-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.09.004.
- Background: PubMed 11018445Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000 Oct;10(5):361-74. doi: 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4.
- Background: PubMed 15179642Lafond D, Corriveau H, Hebert R, Prince F. Intrasession reliability of center of pressure measures of postural steadiness in healthy elderly people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jun;85(6):896-901. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.089.
- Background: PubMed 37593805Lopez-de-Celis C, Sanchez-Alfonso N, Rodriguez-Sanz J, Romani-Sanchez S, Labata-Lezaun N, Canet-Vintro M, Aiguade R, Perez-Bellmunt A. Quadriceps and gluteus medius activity during stable and unstable loading exercises in athletes. A cross-sectional study. J Orthop Res. 2024 Feb;42(2):317-325. doi: 10.1002/jor.25680. Epub 2023 Aug 27.
- Background: PubMed 7674868Morrissey MC, Harman EA, Johnson MJ. Resistance training modes: specificity and effectiveness. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):648-60.
- Background: PubMed 31531136Hutchison RE, Caterisano A. Comparison of Peak Ground Reaction Force, Joint Kinetics and Kinematics, and Muscle Activity Between a Flexible and Steel Barbell During the Back Squat Exercise. J Hum Kinet. 2019 Aug 21;68:99-108. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0059. eCollection 2019 Aug.
- Background: PubMed 37754969Glass SC, Wisneski KA. Effect of Instability Training on Compensatory Muscle Activation during Perturbation Challenge in Young Adults. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 Sep 15;8(3):136. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8030136.
- Background: PubMed 25524873Mansfield A, Wong JS, Bryce J, Knorr S, Patterson KK. Does perturbation-based balance training prevent falls? Systematic review and meta-analysis of preliminary randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2015 May;95(5):700-9. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20140090. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
- Background: PubMed 24966227Pai YC, Bhatt T, Yang F, Wang E. Perturbation training can reduce community-dwelling older adults' annual fall risk: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Dec;69(12):1586-94. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu087. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be shared via Figshare. The data will include demographic information, raw data from the assessments, and any other relevant data collected during the study.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ji Hwan Jeong, MSc principal investigator
Department of Sports and Health Convergence
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Elastic Barbell and Inelastic Barbell in people with Neuromuscular Control and Functional Training, run by Busan University of Foreign Studies at 1 site in South Korea.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in South Korea. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Center of Pressure Displacement - Anterior-Posterior (AP) (time frame: During single-leg deadlift task (within single session)). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07061314, which also lists 32 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jul 2025.