Sports Physical TherapyNCT07062926
Comparative Effects of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique Versus Post Facilitation Stretch Among Fast Bowlers
A study testing Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study compares the effectiveness of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in reducing shoulder pain in 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35. Participants will receive treatment three times a week for four weeks. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- Jun 2026to 25 Aug 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Fast bowlers
- Both male and female.
- aged 18-35 years.
- Stiff painful shoulder joint for at least 3 months.
- Willingness to participate in the study and provide informed consent.
Who cannot join
- ● Rotator cuff tears.
- Rheumatoid and gouty arthritis.
- Tumors of the shoulder region.
- Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the shoulder.
- Thoracic outlet syndrome, peripheral nerve injuries, shoulder girdle fractures, dislocations.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique Versus Post Facilitation Stretch on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability Among Fast Bowlers With Shoulder Pain
This study compares the effectiveness of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in reducing shoulder pain in 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35. Participants will receive treatment three times a week for four weeks. Pain, shoulder mobility, and functional ability will be measured before and after the intervention to identify the more effective technique
Read the detailed description
This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in treating shoulder pain among fast bowlers. A total of 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35 years with chronic shoulder pain will be recruited from the Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups, each receiving one of the two treatments three times a week for four weeks, preceded by hot pack application. Pain, shoulder range of motion, and functional disability will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, inclinometer, and Quick-DASH questionnaire. The study seeks to determine which technique offers better outcomes for managing shoulder pain in fast bowlers.
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Being tested
- Spencer Muscle Energy Technique, Post Facilitation Stretch
- Keywords
- spencer technique, post facilitation stretch, shoulder pain.
- Medical subject headings
- Shoulder Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Spencer Muscle Energy TechniqueOther
Also called Assigned
Spencer muscle energy technique participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks. Group A will undergo Spencer Muscle Energy Technique for 30 minutes
Post Facilitation StretchOther
Also called Assigned
Post facilitation stretch participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks.post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle Energy Technique | Experimental | 16 participants will undergo spencer muscle energy technique three times a week over a four-week period.Various movement patterns will performed, and the treatment duration will be 30 minutes. Receives: Other: Spencer Muscle Energy Technique |
| Post Facilitation Stretch | Experimental | 16 participants will undergo Post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch. The whole treatment session was around 20 minute. Receives: Other: Post Facilitation Stretch |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual Analogue Scale
Pain intensity was measured using a 10-cm VAS, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." Scores were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention.
Measured: 4 Weeks
Range of Motion
Active shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation were assessed using a digital inclinometer. Each movement was measured three times and averaged. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention period.
Measured: 4 Weeks
Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) Score
A validated questionnaire used to assess functional disability of the upper limb. It consists of 11 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Final scores range from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability). It was recorded pre- and post-intervention.
Measured: 4 Weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jul 2025
- Study startJun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion20 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion25 Aug 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized control design
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Syeda Tehreem Fatima, DPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07062926
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/24/0447
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 10 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ghisi D, Boschetto G, Spinelli AM, Giannone S, Frugiuele J, Ciccarello M, Bonarelli S. Spinal anaesthesia with Chloroprocaine HCl 1% for elective lower limb procedures of short duration: a prospective, randomised, observer-blind study in adult patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Feb 20;21(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01279-9.
PubMed 33610175Kawabata Y, Ikegami H. Genetics of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Int. 2020 Sep 21;11(4):315-322. doi: 10.1007/s13340-020-00468-0. eCollection 2020 Oct.
PubMed 33088637Su PY, Su WW, Hsu YC, Wang SY, Chiu PF, Yen HH. Micro-Elimination of Hepatitis C among Patients with Kidney Disease by Using Electronic Reminder System-A Hospital-Based Experience. J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 14;11(2):423. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020423.
PubMed 35054120Chia M. PRIDE for PLAY: Personal Responsibility in Daily Effort for Participation in Lifelong Activity for Youths. A Singaporean Context. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Sep 1;6(3):374-9.
PubMed 24149424Phansopkar P, Qureshi MI. Impact of Spencer Technique on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Pilot Study. Cureus. 2024 Jan 30;16(1):e53263. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53263. eCollection 2024 Jan.
PubMed 38435910Iqbal M, Riaz H, Ghous M, Masood K. Comparison of Spencer muscle energy technique and Passive stretching in adhesive capsulitis: A single blind randomized control trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Dec;70(12(A)):2113-2118. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.23971.
PubMed 33475581
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique Versus Post Facilitation Stretch on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability Among Fast Bowlers With Shoulder Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07062926
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/24/0447
- Conditions
- Sports Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- spencer technique, post facilitation stretch, shoulder pain.
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Jun 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 20 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 25 Aug 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 14 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study compares the effectiveness of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in reducing shoulder pain in 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35. Participants will receive treatment three times a week for four weeks. Pain, shoulder mobility, and functional ability will be measured before and after the intervention to identify the more effective technique
Detailed description
This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in treating shoulder pain among fast bowlers. A total of 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35 years with chronic shoulder pain will be recruited from the Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups, each receiving one of the two treatments three times a week for four weeks, preceded by hot pack application. Pain, shoulder range of motion, and functional disability will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, inclinometer, and Quick-DASH questionnaire. The study seeks to determine which technique offers better outcomes for managing shoulder pain in fast bowlers.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized control design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle Energy Technique | Experimental | Other: Spencer Muscle Energy Technique16 participants will undergo spencer muscle energy technique three times a week over a four-week period.Various movement patterns will performed, and the treatment duration will be 30 minutes. |
| Post Facilitation Stretch | Experimental | Other: Post Facilitation Stretch16 participants will undergo Post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch. The whole treatment session was around 20 minute. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Fast bowlers
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- ● Rotator cuff tears.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle Energy TechniqueAlso: AssignedSpencer muscle energy technique participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks. Group A will undergo Spencer Muscle Energy Technique for 30 minutes | Other | Spencer Muscle Energy Technique |
| Post Facilitation StretchAlso: AssignedPost facilitation stretch participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks.post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch. | Other | Post Facilitation Stretch |
Primary outcome
Visual Analogue Scale
Time frame: 4 Weeks
Pain intensity was measured using a 10-cm VAS, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." Scores were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention.
Range of Motion
Time frame: 4 Weeks
Active shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation were assessed using a digital inclinometer. Each movement was measured three times and averaged. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention period.
Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) Score
Time frame: 4 Weeks
A validated questionnaire used to assess functional disability of the upper limb. It consists of 11 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Final scores range from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability). It was recorded pre- and post-intervention.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Jun 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33610175Ghisi D, Boschetto G, Spinelli AM, Giannone S, Frugiuele J, Ciccarello M, Bonarelli S. Spinal anaesthesia with Chloroprocaine HCl 1% for elective lower limb procedures of short duration: a prospective, randomised, observer-blind study in adult patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Feb 20;21(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01279-9.
- Background: PubMed 33088637Kawabata Y, Ikegami H. Genetics of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Int. 2020 Sep 21;11(4):315-322. doi: 10.1007/s13340-020-00468-0. eCollection 2020 Oct.
- Background: PubMed 35054120Su PY, Su WW, Hsu YC, Wang SY, Chiu PF, Yen HH. Micro-Elimination of Hepatitis C among Patients with Kidney Disease by Using Electronic Reminder System-A Hospital-Based Experience. J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 14;11(2):423. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020423.
- Background: PubMed 24149424Chia M. PRIDE for PLAY: Personal Responsibility in Daily Effort for Participation in Lifelong Activity for Youths. A Singaporean Context. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Sep 1;6(3):374-9.
- Background: PubMed 38435910Phansopkar P, Qureshi MI. Impact of Spencer Technique on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Pilot Study. Cureus. 2024 Jan 30;16(1):e53263. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53263. eCollection 2024 Jan.
- Background: PubMed 33475581Iqbal M, Riaz H, Ghous M, Masood K. Comparison of Spencer muscle energy technique and Passive stretching in adhesive capsulitis: A single blind randomized control trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Dec;70(12(A)):2113-2118. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.23971.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Syeda Tehreem Fatima, DPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in people with Sports Physical Therapy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Muhammad Atif Javed, PP-DPT (03317491071, atif.javed@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual Analogue Scale (time frame: 4 Weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07062926, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Jun 2026.