Postprandial LipemiaAYSNCT07065461
The Almond Yogurt Study
A study testing 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds in people with Postprandial Lipemia and Gastric Emptying, run by University of Guelph at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to explore how almond food structure influences gastric emptying rates when consumed by healthy adult women as part of a standardized breakfast meal. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Postprandial Lipemia, Gastric Emptying, Satiety Response
- What is being tested?
- 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Nov 2026to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy female adults aged 18-45 years.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-27.9 kg/m2, or waist circumference of less than 88 cm
- Visible gastric antrum on ultrasound
- No known food allergies or sensitivities
- Non restrained eaters (TFEQ, see below)
- No history of gastrointestinal diseases that may interfere with eating behavior or digestion
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- Not on medications that affect appetite (including GLP-1 agonists), digestion, blood sugar regulation, saliva production, or chewing
- Stable medication use
- Non-smokers
- Not gained or lost significant weight during the past 3 months
- Regular monthly menstrual cycles
- Not pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal
Who cannot join
- Diabetes or other metabolic disorders affecting glycemia and overall cardiometabolic health
- Blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg
- Any food allergies, intolerances, or sensitivities
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- Participation in another clinical trial
- Excessive alcohol consumption (more than 14 drinks per week)
Show all 21Show fewer
- Smokers or those with a smoking history of more than 10 years
- Regular use of recreational drugs (e.g., marijuana, ecstasy, LSD, magic mushrooms, etc.)
- Restrained eater (>16) as defined by the questionnaire at screening (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Stunkard et al., 1985)
- Unusual sleep patterns
- Irregular breakfast consumption
- Recent weight changes, or intended weight loss or gain; lost/gained 10% of body weight within the last 6 months
- Food allergies/sensitivities or any life-threatening allergies
- Using medications known to affect appetite, digestion, blood sugar regulation, or chewing/swallowing (excluding oral contraceptives).
- Experiences dry mouth in general or due to medication side effects
- Inability to adhere to study protocols
- Not comfortable providing IV-line blood samples
- Not comfortable providing ultrasound scans
- Not comfortable being video recorded while eating
- Avoids consuming almonds/yogurt in general
- Avoids eating hard foods to prevent dental fractures
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Canada1 site
Department of Human Health Sciences
Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2G4
Amanda J Wright, PhD, 5190824-4120 ext. 54697, ajwright@uoguelph.ca
Alison M Duncan, PhD
About this study
Official title: The Impact of Almond Food Structure in a Standardized Yogurt Breakfast Meal on Gastric Emptying, Oral Processing Behaviours, Appetite-Regulating Hormones, Postprandial Metabolism, and Subjective Satiety: A Randomized Crossover Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to explore how almond food structure influences gastric emptying rates when consumed by healthy adult women as part of a standardized breakfast meal. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the structure of almonds (whole, chopped, buttered) influence gastric emptying?
- What is the correlation between chewing behaviour, gastric emptying, and changes in postprandial triacylglycerols and satiety (hormones and ratings) within the context of these different food structures?
Read the detailed description
This study is investigating how the structure of almonds (whole, chopped, buttered) as part of a yogurt-based breakfast meal influences gastric emptying and postprandial metabolism. Over three randomized visits, fasted healthy adult female participants will arrive at the research centre where an iv-catheter will be inserted for serial blood sampling over 6 hours for analysis of plasma triacylglycerols, GLP-1, CCK, glucose, and insulin. Participants will consume each meal while being video recorded to quantify chewing frequency and eating time. Paper questionnaires will periodically assess participants' eating experiences and hunger sensations throughout the visit (e.g., exertion, liking, hunger, fullness). Gastric ultrasonography will be used to visualize and quantify the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum so that changes in gastric volume can be tracked over time. Overall, this study aims to determine how almond form, as an example of food structure, influences chewing, gastric emptying, satiety and postprandial metabolism.
- Conditions
- Postprandial Lipemia, Gastric Emptying, Satiety Response
- Being tested
- 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds
- Keywords
- Almonds, Particle size, Satiety, Postprandial glycemia, Postprandial lipemia, Food matrix, Yogurt, Chewing, Food structure
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almondsOther
115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Yogurt with whole almonds | Experimental | Serving of yogurt (115 g) with whole almonds (60 g) Receives: Other: 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds |
| Yogurt with chopped almonds | Experimental | Serving of yogurt (115 g) with chopped almonds (60 g) Receives: Other: 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds |
| Yogurt with buttered almonds | Experimental | Serving of yogurt (115 g) with buttered almonds (60 g) Receives: Other: 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Gastric emptying rate
Based on ultrasonography of the gastric antrum
Measured: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Secondary outcomes (5)
Changes in cholecystokinin (CCK)
Based on serial blood sampling
Measured: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Based on serial blood sampling
Measured: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Changes in blood triacylglycerols
Based on serial blood sampling
Measured: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Postprandial satiety visual analogue scale
Paper questionnaire scale ratings of Hunger, Fullness, Prospective Consumption, and Desire to Eat where each is 100 mm ranging from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). For example, 0 = Not at all Hungry and 100 = As Hungry as Possible.
Measured: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Chewing frequency and time
Calculated from videos of each eating session
Measured: During the meal consumption
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jul 2025
- Study startNov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionDec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Postprandial LipemiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Acute meal postprandial study
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Guelph
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Amanda Wright, Ph.D., University of Guelph
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07065461
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 3014
- Other IDs
- 400819
- Acronym
- AYS
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 26 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 3 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Impact of Almond Food Structure in a Standardized Yogurt Breakfast Meal on Gastric Emptying, Oral Processing Behaviours, Appetite-Regulating Hormones, Postprandial Metabolism, and Subjective Satiety: A Randomized Crossover Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07065461
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AYS / 3014
- Conditions
- Postprandial Lipemia, Gastric Emptying, Satiety Response
- Keywords
- Almonds, Particle size, Satiety, Postprandial glycemia, Postprandial lipemia, Food matrix, Yogurt, Chewing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of GuelphUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to explore how almond food structure influences gastric emptying rates when consumed by healthy adult women as part of a standardized breakfast meal. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the structure of almonds (whole, chopped, buttered) influence gastric emptying?
- What is the correlation between chewing behaviour, gastric emptying, and changes in postprandial triacylglycerols and satiety (hormones and ratings) within the context of these different food structures?
Detailed description
This study is investigating how the structure of almonds (whole, chopped, buttered) as part of a yogurt-based breakfast meal influences gastric emptying and postprandial metabolism. Over three randomized visits, fasted healthy adult female participants will arrive at the research centre where an iv-catheter will be inserted for serial blood sampling over 6 hours for analysis of plasma triacylglycerols, GLP-1, CCK, glucose, and insulin. Participants will consume each meal while being video recorded to quantify chewing frequency and eating time. Paper questionnaires will periodically assess participants' eating experiences and hunger sensations throughout the visit (e.g., exertion, liking, hunger, fullness). Gastric ultrasonography will be used to visualize and quantify the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum so that changes in gastric volume can be tracked over time. Overall, this study aims to determine how almond form, as an example of food structure, influences chewing, gastric emptying, satiety and postprandial metabolism.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Acute meal postprandial study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Yogurt with whole almonds | Experimental | Other: 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almondsServing of yogurt (115 g) with whole almonds (60 g) |
| Yogurt with chopped almonds | Experimental | Other: 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almondsServing of yogurt (115 g) with chopped almonds (60 g) |
| Yogurt with buttered almonds | Experimental | Other: 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almondsServing of yogurt (115 g) with buttered almonds (60 g) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Healthy female adults aged 18-45 years.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-27.9 kg/m2, or waist circumference of less than 88 cm
- Visible gastric antrum on ultrasound
- No known food allergies or sensitivities
- Non restrained eaters (TFEQ, see below)
Key exclusion criteria (21 listed)
- Diabetes or other metabolic disorders affecting glycemia and overall cardiometabolic health
- Blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg
- Any food allergies, intolerances, or sensitivities
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- Participation in another clinical trial
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds | Other | Yogurt with buttered almonds, Yogurt with chopped almonds, Yogurt with whole almonds |
Primary outcome
Gastric emptying rate
Time frame: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Based on ultrasonography of the gastric antrum
5 secondary outcomes
Changes in cholecystokinin (CCK)
Time frame: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Time frame: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Changes in blood triacylglycerols
Time frame: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Postprandial satiety visual analogue scale
Time frame: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially
Chewing frequency and time
Time frame: During the meal consumption
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Nov 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing 115 g serving of yogurt with 60 g almonds in people with Postprandial Lipemia and Gastric Emptying, run by University of Guelph at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 21 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Amanda J Wright, PhD (519-824-4120 ext. 54697, ajwright@uoguelph.ca), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Gastric emptying rate (time frame: Baseline - 6 hours postprandially). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Nov 2026.