Diabete Type 2NCT07087496
Mobile Augmented Reality Learning On Insulin Administration Knowledge And Skills Of Patients
A study testing Insulin application training with mobile augmented reality and insulin administration training with brochure in people with Diabete Type 2 and Augmented Reality, run by Izmir Bakircay University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this study to determine the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabete Type 2, Augmented Reality, Patient Education
- What is being tested?
- Insulin application training with mobile augmented reality and insulin administration training with brochure
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2023to 31 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at Izmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital,
- Not having received diabetes training,
- Not knowing the insulin application,
- Not having used augmented reality before,
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Being able to use a smartphone.
Who cannot join
- To be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at Izmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital,
- To have received diabetes education,
- To be familiar with insulin application, -To have used augmented reality before,-
- To be under the age of 18
- To be unable to use a smartphone.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
İzmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Education and Research Hospital
Izmir
About this study
Official title: Effects Of Mobile Augmented Reality Learning On Insulin Administration Knowledge And Skills Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
The goal of this study to determine the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies: education with the Mobile Augmented Reality and education with the brochure.
- Is Mobile augmented reality application effective on the knowledge scores and insulin application skills of patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin applications?
- Does training with a mobile augmented reality application affect patients' satisfaction with patient education?
- Other patients with type 2 diabetes were given insulin administration training with a brochure prepared by the researcher. All patients who participated in the study were evaluated for insulin administration knowledge and skills after the training.
Read the detailed description
The study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies: education with the Mobile Augmented Reality and education with the brochure.
Methods: The study was conducted between November 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024 with patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who volunteered to participate in the study and were hospitalized in the first and second wards of the Internal Medicine Department of a state hospital (n=100).
In this quasi-experimental study with the pre-test and post-test design, the participants were allocated into two groups. While the participants in The Intervention Group 1 were given education on insulin administration with a brochure in line with the literature, the participants in the Intervention Group 2 were given education with "Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR)".
The data were collected using the "Individual Information Form", "Knowledge Test", "Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education", and "Insulin Administration Skill Assessment Checklist".
- Being tested
- Insulin application training with mobile augmented reality, insulin administration training with brochure
- Keywords
- diabete type 2, Augmented Reality, Patient Education, Subcutaneous injection
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Insulin application training with mobile augmented realityOther
Also called Interventation group 2
Intervention Group 2 (MAR group): Before the training, the participants were briefly informed about how the application would be performed, and their written consent was obtained. Before the insulin administration training was started, the MAR program was shown to them on the tablet by the researcher and the process steps containing QR codes prepared for insulin administration were provided on a blue flat surface and information was given about the use of the application, and a pre-test was administered to determine their knowledge levels on insulin administration. Then, the education application program prepared for insulin administration was opened and the patients were allowed to use it. The training application was performed 20-25 times. Then the post-test was administered to the participants immediately after the training. At the post-test, they were administered the Knowledge Test and Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education.
insulin administration training with brochureOther
The Intervention Group 1 (Brochure group): Before the training, the participants were informed about the study, and their written consent was obtained.
Before insulin administration training, a knowledge test was given as a pre-test to determine the participants' knowledge levels on insulin administrations. After the pre-test, a 15-20 minute practical training was given using the brochure prepared for insulin administrations. Immediately after the training, the knowledge test and Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education were administered as a post-test. After the post-test, the participants were asked to self-administer insulin. The insulin administration skills of the patients were assessed by the researcher using the Insulin Administration Skill Assessment Checklist. After the assessment, the participants were informed about their deficiencies, or incorrect performances.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| The Intervention Group 1 | Experimental | The Intervention Group 1 were given education on insulin administration with a brochure Receives: Other: insulin administration training with brochure |
| Intervention Group 2 | Experimental | Intervention Group 2 were given education with "Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) Receives: Other: Insulin application training with mobile augmented reality |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Insulin administration knowledge Test
The test prepared by the researcher consists of 10 questions aimed at measuring the insulin administration knowledge levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. The content validity rate (CVR) for each question and the content validity index including all the questions were determined as 0.96. In the 10-question knowledge test, the higher the number of correct answers, the higher the score. It is assumed that the higher the score, the higher the level of knowledge about the subject. The minimum score is 1 and the maximum score is 10.It was aimed to evaluate the insulin application knowledge of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who received training with mobile augmented reality and brochure after the training compared to before the training. It was expected that the mean knowledge scores of patients with Type 2 diabetes who received insulin administration training with mobile augmented reality would be higher than those who received training with brochures.
Measured: from pre-training to immediate post-training
Insulin administration skills checklist
The 24-item checklist was developed by the researcher through the literature review to assess the patient's insulin administration skills.The checklist took its final form after expert opinions were obtained from nurse specialists using the Davis technique (1992). In the checklist, each correct step was scored as 2 points, each semi-completed step was scored as 1 point, and each step not completed at all was scored as 0 zero points. It was aimed to evaluate the insulin administration skills of patients with type 2 diabetes who received training with mobile augmented reality and brochure. It was expected that the mean skill scores of Type 2 diabetic patients who received insulin application training with mobile augmented reality would be higher than those who received training with brochure.
Measured: from pre-training to immediate post-training
Secondary outcomes (1)
Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education
This one-dimensional scale developed by Çiftçi et al. (2022) includes 30 items whose responses are rated on a five-point Likert-type scale (Strongly Disagree, Somewhat Agree, etc.). The mean score for the overall scale is calculated by summing the scores of all the items. The highest and lowest possible scores that can be obtained from the overall scale are 150 and 30, respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.98 in Çiftçi et al.'s study (2022), and 0.85 in the present study.
Measured: to immediate post-training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jul 2025
- Study start1 Nov 2023
- Primary completion31 Dec 2024
- Study completion31 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (22)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabete Type 2Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Bakircay University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hale SEZER, Izmir Bakircay University
- Investigators
- Abdulkadir Gül, Master, Principal investigator, Izmir Bakırçay University Internal Medicine NursingHale Sezer, PhD, Study director, Izmir Bakırçay University Faculty of Health Science
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07087496
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IZBU-HEM-HS-1
- Other IDs
- Izmir Bakırçay University
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 28 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The changes in the scores of insulin administration knowledge and skills of patients with type 2 diabetes before and after training and the satisfaction levels of patients with insulin administration training given with two different strategies will be given as a data set.
Publications
Tait AR, Connally L, Doshi A, Johnson A, Skrzpek A, Grimes M, Becher A, Choi JE, Weber M. Development and evaluation of an augmented reality education program for pediatric research. J Clin Transl Res. 2020 Feb 29;5(3):96-101. eCollection 2020 Apr 13.
PubMed 32617424Chaballout B, Molloy M, Vaughn J, Brisson Iii R, Shaw R. Feasibility of Augmented Reality in Clinical Simulations: Using Google Glass With Manikins. JMIR Med Educ. 2016 Mar 7;2(1):e2. doi: 10.2196/mededu.5159.
PubMed 27731862Liang K, Xie Q, Nie J, Deng J. Study on the effect of education for insulin injection in diabetic patients with new simulation tools. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 9;100(14):e25424. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025424.
PubMed 33832143Ingrassia PL, Mormando G, Giudici E, Strada F, Carfagna F, Lamberti F, Bottino A. Augmented Reality Learning Environment for Basic Life Support and Defibrillation Training: Usability Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020 May 12;22(5):e14910. doi: 10.2196/14910.
PubMed 32396128Wuller H, Behrens J, Garthaus M, Marquard S, Remmers H. A scoping review of augmented reality in nursing. BMC Nurs. 2019 May 16;18:19. doi: 10.1186/s12912-019-0342-2. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31123428Magi CE, Bambi S, Iovino P, El Aoufy K, Amato C, Balestri C, Rasero L, Longobucco Y. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Training in Disaster Medicine Courses for Students in Nursing: A Scoping Review of Adoptable Tools. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jul 24;13(7):616. doi: 10.3390/bs13070616.
PubMed 37504063Meng K, Musekamp G, Seekatz B, Glatz J, Karger G, Kiwus U, Knoglinger E, Schubmann R, Westphal R, Faller H. Evaluation of a self-management patient education program for patients with chronic heart failure undergoing inpatient cardiac rehabilitation: study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2013 Aug 23;13:60. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-60.
PubMed 23968340Ciftci B, Avsar G, Sarialioglu A. A psychometric assessment on patient education: Developing a satisfaction scale. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022 Oct;58(4):2237-2245. doi: 10.1111/ppc.13052. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
PubMed 35170766Kurt Y, Ozturk H. The effect of mobile augmented reality application developed for injections on the knowledge and skill levels of nursing students: An experimental controlled study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Aug;103:104955. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104955. Epub 2021 May 13.
PubMed 34051543Foronda, C.L., Crenshaw, N., Briones, P.L., Snowden, K., Griffin, M.A., Mitzova- Vladinov, G., 2020. Teaching and learning the skill of intubation using Telehealth glasses. Clin. Simul. Nurs. 40, 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2019.12.005.
Byrne PJ, Senk PA. Google Glass in Nursing Education: Accessing Knowledge at the Point of Care. Comput Inform Nurs. 2017 Mar;35(3):117-120. doi: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000000339. No abstract available.
PubMed 28277435Salem S, Cooper J, Schneider J, Croft H, Munro I. Student Acceptance of Using Augmented Reality Applications for Learning in Pharmacy: A Pilot Study. Pharmacy (Basel). 2020 Jul 21;8(3):122. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030122.
PubMed 32708150Foronda CL, Alfes CM, Dev P, Kleinheksel AJ, Nelson DA Jr, O'Donnell JM, Samosky JT. Virtually Nursing: Emerging Technologies in Nursing Education. Nurse Educ. 2017 Jan/Feb;42(1):14-17. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000000295.
PubMed 27454054Van Krevelen, D. W. F., Poelman, R. (2010). A survey of augmented reality technologies, applications and limitations. International journal of virtual reality, 9(2), 1-20
An, J., Poly, L.-P., Holme, T.A., 2020. Usability testing and the development of an augmented reality application for laboratory learning. J. Chem. Educ. 97 (1), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00453
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects Of Mobile Augmented Reality Learning On Insulin Administration Knowledge And Skills Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07087496
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IZBU-HEM-HS-1
- Keywords
- diabete type 2, Augmented Reality, Patient Education, Subcutaneous injection
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Bakircay UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this study to determine the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies: education with the Mobile Augmented Reality and education with the brochure.
- Is Mobile augmented reality application effective on the knowledge scores and insulin application skills of patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin applications?
- Does training with a mobile augmented reality application affect patients' satisfaction with patient education?
- Other patients with type 2 diabetes were given insulin administration training with a brochure prepared by the researcher. All patients who participated in the study were evaluated for insulin administration knowledge and skills after the training.
Detailed description
The study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of insulin administration with augmented reality on increasing the knowledge and skills of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on insulin administrations, determining patients' satisfaction with education and comparing the following two strategies: education with the Mobile Augmented Reality and education with the brochure.
Methods: The study was conducted between November 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024 with patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who volunteered to participate in the study and were hospitalized in the first and second wards of the Internal Medicine Department of a state hospital (n=100).
In this quasi-experimental study with the pre-test and post-test design, the participants were allocated into two groups. While the participants in The Intervention Group 1 were given education on insulin administration with a brochure in line with the literature, the participants in the Intervention Group 2 were given education with "Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR)".
The data were collected using the "Individual Information Form", "Knowledge Test", "Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education", and "Insulin Administration Skill Assessment Checklist".
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| The Intervention Group 1 | Experimental | Other: insulin administration training with brochureThe Intervention Group 1 were given education on insulin administration with a brochure |
| Intervention Group 2 | Experimental | Other: Insulin application training with mobile augmented realityIntervention Group 2 were given education with "Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Being newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at Izmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital,
- Not having received diabetes training,
- Not knowing the insulin application,
- Not having used augmented reality before,
- Being 18 years of age or older,
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- To be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at Izmir Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital,
- To have received diabetes education,
- To be familiar with insulin application, -To have used augmented reality before,-
- To be under the age of 18
- To be unable to use a smartphone.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin application training with mobile augmented realityAlso: Interventation group 2Intervention Group 2 (MAR group): Before the training, the participants were briefly informed about how the application would be performed, and their written consent was obtained. Before the insulin administration training was started, the MAR program was shown to them on the tablet by the researcher and the process steps containing QR codes prepared for insulin administration were provided on a blue flat surface and information was given about the use of the application, and a pre-test was administered to determine their knowledge levels on insulin administration. Then, the education application program prepared for insulin administration was opened and the patients were allowed to use it. The training application was performed 20-25 times. Then the post-test was administered to the participants immediately after the training. At the post-test, they were administered the Knowledge Test and Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education. | Other | Intervention Group 2 |
| insulin administration training with brochureThe Intervention Group 1 (Brochure group): Before the training, the participants were informed about the study, and their written consent was obtained. Before insulin administration training, a knowledge test was given as a pre-test to determine the participants' knowledge levels on insulin administrations. After the pre-test, a 15-20 minute practical training was given using the brochure prepared for insulin administrations. Immediately after the training, the knowledge test and Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education were administered as a post-test. After the post-test, the participants were asked to self-administer insulin. The insulin administration skills of the patients were assessed by the researcher using the Insulin Administration Skill Assessment Checklist. After the assessment, the participants were informed about their deficiencies, or incorrect performances. | Other | The Intervention Group 1 |
Primary outcome
Insulin administration knowledge Test
Time frame: from pre-training to immediate post-training
The test prepared by the researcher consists of 10 questions aimed at measuring the insulin administration knowledge levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. The content validity rate (CVR) for each question and the content validity index including all the questions were determined as 0.96. In the 10-question knowledge test, the higher the number of correct answers, the higher the score. It is assumed that the higher the score, the higher the level of knowledge about the subject. The minimum score is 1 and the maximum score is 10.It was aimed to evaluate the insulin application knowledge of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who received training with mobile augmented reality and brochure after the training compared to before the training. It was expected that the mean knowledge scores of patients with Type 2 diabetes who received insulin administration training with mobile augmented reality would be higher than those who received training with brochures.
Insulin administration skills checklist
Time frame: from pre-training to immediate post-training
The 24-item checklist was developed by the researcher through the literature review to assess the patient's insulin administration skills.The checklist took its final form after expert opinions were obtained from nurse specialists using the Davis technique (1992). In the checklist, each correct step was scored as 2 points, each semi-completed step was scored as 1 point, and each step not completed at all was scored as 0 zero points. It was aimed to evaluate the insulin administration skills of patients with type 2 diabetes who received training with mobile augmented reality and brochure. It was expected that the mean skill scores of Type 2 diabetic patients who received insulin application training with mobile augmented reality would be higher than those who received training with brochure.
1 secondary outcome
Scale for Satisfaction with Patient Education
Time frame: to immediate post-training
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jul 2025.
- Background: PubMed 32617424Tait AR, Connally L, Doshi A, Johnson A, Skrzpek A, Grimes M, Becher A, Choi JE, Weber M. Development and evaluation of an augmented reality education program for pediatric research. J Clin Transl Res. 2020 Feb 29;5(3):96-101. eCollection 2020 Apr 13.
- Background: PubMed 27731862Chaballout B, Molloy M, Vaughn J, Brisson Iii R, Shaw R. Feasibility of Augmented Reality in Clinical Simulations: Using Google Glass With Manikins. JMIR Med Educ. 2016 Mar 7;2(1):e2. doi: 10.2196/mededu.5159.
- Background: PubMed 33832143Liang K, Xie Q, Nie J, Deng J. Study on the effect of education for insulin injection in diabetic patients with new simulation tools. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 9;100(14):e25424. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025424.
- Background: PubMed 32396128Ingrassia PL, Mormando G, Giudici E, Strada F, Carfagna F, Lamberti F, Bottino A. Augmented Reality Learning Environment for Basic Life Support and Defibrillation Training: Usability Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020 May 12;22(5):e14910. doi: 10.2196/14910.
- Background: PubMed 31123428Wuller H, Behrens J, Garthaus M, Marquard S, Remmers H. A scoping review of augmented reality in nursing. BMC Nurs. 2019 May 16;18:19. doi: 10.1186/s12912-019-0342-2. eCollection 2019.
- Background: PubMed 37504063Magi CE, Bambi S, Iovino P, El Aoufy K, Amato C, Balestri C, Rasero L, Longobucco Y. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Training in Disaster Medicine Courses for Students in Nursing: A Scoping Review of Adoptable Tools. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jul 24;13(7):616. doi: 10.3390/bs13070616.
- Background: PubMed 23968340Meng K, Musekamp G, Seekatz B, Glatz J, Karger G, Kiwus U, Knoglinger E, Schubmann R, Westphal R, Faller H. Evaluation of a self-management patient education program for patients with chronic heart failure undergoing inpatient cardiac rehabilitation: study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2013 Aug 23;13:60. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-60.
- Background: PubMed 35170766Ciftci B, Avsar G, Sarialioglu A. A psychometric assessment on patient education: Developing a satisfaction scale. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022 Oct;58(4):2237-2245. doi: 10.1111/ppc.13052. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
- Background: PubMed 34051543Kurt Y, Ozturk H. The effect of mobile augmented reality application developed for injections on the knowledge and skill levels of nursing students: An experimental controlled study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Aug;103:104955. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104955. Epub 2021 May 13.
- BackgroundForonda, C.L., Crenshaw, N., Briones, P.L., Snowden, K., Griffin, M.A., Mitzova- Vladinov, G., 2020. Teaching and learning the skill of intubation using Telehealth glasses. Clin. Simul. Nurs. 40, 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2019.12.005.
- Background: PubMed 28277435Byrne PJ, Senk PA. Google Glass in Nursing Education: Accessing Knowledge at the Point of Care. Comput Inform Nurs. 2017 Mar;35(3):117-120. doi: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000000339. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 32708150Salem S, Cooper J, Schneider J, Croft H, Munro I. Student Acceptance of Using Augmented Reality Applications for Learning in Pharmacy: A Pilot Study. Pharmacy (Basel). 2020 Jul 21;8(3):122. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030122.
- IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th EditionLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The changes in the scores of insulin administration knowledge and skills of patients with type 2 diabetes before and after training and the satisfaction levels of patients with insulin administration training given with two different strategies will be given as a data set.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Abdulkadir Gül, Master principal investigator
Izmir Bakırçay University Internal Medicine Nursing
Hale Sezer, PhD study director
Izmir Bakırçay University Faculty of Health Science
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Insulin application training with mobile augmented reality and insulin administration training with brochure in people with Diabete Type 2 and Augmented Reality, run by Izmir Bakircay University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Insulin administration knowledge Test (time frame: from pre-training to immediate post-training). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07087496, which also lists 22 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jul 2025.