Rotator Cuff LesionsNCT07091903
The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises Applied in Addition to Conventional Treatment on Pain, Upper Extremity Stability, and Anxiety in Individuals With Rotator Cuff Lesion
A study testing Diaphragmatic breathing exercise and Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique in people with Rotator Cuff Lesions, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional treatment and post isometric relaxation technique on pain, range of motion, functionality, upper extremity stability, and anxiety in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Rotator Cuff Lesions
- What is being tested?
- Diaphragmatic breathing exercise and Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 May 2024to 10 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being between 18 and 65 years of age,
- Having been diagnosed with a rotator cuff lesion,
- Having unilateral shoulder pain that has persisted for at least 4 weeks,
- Having no cognitive or mental problems,
- Individuals who are willing to participate in the study and are willing to cooperate.
Who cannot join
- Patients who have received local corticosteroid injections or corticosteroid treatment within the last three months,
- Patients who have a total rotator cuff tear (Stage 3 according to Neer),
- Patients who have shoulder instability or fractures,
- Patients who have a history of shoulder, upper extremity, or thoracic surgery,
- Patients who have neuromuscular disease, unstable angina, malignancy, pulmonary or vascular problems, inflammatory arthritis, vertigo, various vestibular system pathologies, and communication problems.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional treatment and post isometric relaxation technique on pain, range of motion, functionality, upper extremity stability, and anxiety in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. The study included 32 participants aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with rotator cuff lesions. The control group (n=16) received conventional treatment and the post-isometric relaxation technique, while the respiratory group (n=16) received diaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional treatment and the post-isometric relaxation technique. The researcher used the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity, a universal goniometer to measure range of motion, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) to evaluate functional status, the Upper Extremity Y-Balance Test to assess upper extremity stability, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure anxiety levels, and a finger-type pulse oximeter to record pulse and oxygen saturation values. The researcher used SPSS V.27 program for statistical analysis of the data.
Read the detailed description
Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal problem affecting a large portion of the general population. Its prevalence ranges from 7% to 25%. One of the most common causes is rotator cuff lesions. Rotator cuff lesions are pathologies that begin with acute tendonitis and progress to partial or full-thickness ruptures as degeneration progresses, leading to extensive progression. Their prevalence among individuals with shoulder pain exceeds 70%. Studies have shown that the incidence increases after age 40, and this rate exceeds 50% in those over age 60. The most common clinical symptoms observed in patients with rotator cuff lesions are decreased shoulder range of motion and flexibility, pain, and impaired shoulder function. This resulting pain and loss of function significantly impact performance in activities of daily living and quality of life. The literature indicates that patients with rotator cuff lesions generally experience additional problems such as depression, anxiety, poor sleep quality, and kinesiophobia. Psychological factors are also thought to play a role in the etiology and chronicity of shoulder pain. In order to achieve a functional movement, parameters such as sufficient November muscle strength, mobility, stability, flexibility, coordination, balance are required along the basic movement pattern. In shoulder pathologies, decreased mobility due to restriction of upper limb movement affects stability. The deterioration of these components leads to a deterioration of functional movement. Conservative or surgical methods can be used in the treatment of rotator cuff lesions. Conservative treatment is known to be the preferred and effective method. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, activity modification, and physiotherapy constitute conservative treatment. Physiotherapy includes rest, stretching, manual therapy, active and passive shoulder exercises, and physical therapy modalities. The primary goals of the treatment program are to reduce pain and dysfunction, regain range of motion by stretching the posterior capsule and other soft tissues, and increase rotator cuff and scapular muscle strength. Post-isometric relaxation is a muscle energy technique (MET) defined as the reduction of tone in the agonist muscle after isometric contraction. It is considered a manual therapy technique, aims to reduce muscle tension by regulating muscle function, and is used in both subacute and chronic settings. Muscle energy techniques have been found to have a positive effect in reducing pain and increasing range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis and impingement. Diaphragmatic breathing exercises contribute to core stabilization. Diaphragmatic movements during respiration affect the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Recent studies have shown that breathing exercises are among the pain-reducing interventions. Pro-inflammatory markers are reduced with breathing exercises, thus demonstrating their effectiveness in reducing inflammation. Relaxation and deep breathing exercises are believed to reduce pain and improve quality of life in individuals with shoulder pain. Furthermore, breathing exercises and breath awareness enhance psychological and physical well-being and, through the resulting relaxation effect, reduce pain. There are studies demonstrating that diaphragmatic breathing exercises positively impact trunk muscle activity and functional levels in musculoskeletal conditions such as low back pain. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and breathing exercises applied to patients with frozen shoulder have been shown to reduce pain and increase range of motion. Similarly, diaphragmatic mobilization and diaphragmatic breathing exercises have been found to be effective in reducing pain and improving quality of life in individuals with shoulder pain. A review of the literature reveals a limited number of studies investigating the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing exercises in shoulder patients. No studies have been found evaluating the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises applied in addition to post-isometric relaxation techniques on upper extremity stability and anxiety parameters in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises applied in addition to conventional treatment and post-isometric relaxation techniques on pain, range of motion, functionality, upper extremity stability, and anxiety parameters in individuals with rotator cuff lesions.
- Conditions
- Rotator Cuff Lesions
- Being tested
- Diaphragmatic breathing exercise, Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique
- Keywords
- Rotator Cuff Lesions, Anxiety, Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Pain, Upper Extremity Stability
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Diaphragmatic breathing exerciseOther
Individuals in the respiratory group received a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, 3 days a week. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise was performed with the participants in a supine position with bent knees, 10 repetitions and 3 sets.
Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation techniqueOther
Individuals in the respiratory group received a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, 3 days a week. The treatment of individuals in this group included conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique. Conventional treatment included an exercise program consisting of Wand, Codman, and finger ladder exercise, in addition to 20 min HotPack, 20 min TENS and 5 min Ultrasound modalities. Each of the exercises was applied as 10 repetitions and 1 sets. Post-isometric relaxation technique was applied with 5 seconds of isometric contraction in the direction of flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, 5 repetitions, 2 sets.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| The Respiratory Group | Experimental | Diaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique were applied to the respiratory group. Receives: Other: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise; Other: Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique |
| The Control Group | Experimental | Conventional treatment and post-isometric relaxation technique were applied to the control group. Receives: Other: Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Range of Motion of the Shoulder Joint
In our study, individuals' shoulder joint range of motion was measured with a "universal goniometer" and evaluated. Goniometric measurement is an objective method frequently used in ROM evaluation. Before and after treatment, individuals' shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation active range of motion was measured with a universal goniometer. Measurements were made 3 times and the average of each measurement was recorded.
Measured: 6 weeks
Shoulder Pain
In our study, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The Visual Analog Scale is a scale in which pain intensity is expressed by marking on a line 0-10 cm long. Before the assessment, participants were informed that the numbers on the scale were expressed as "'0: no pain' and '10: unbearable pain'" and were asked to mark the intensity of pain they felt at rest, during activity, and at night on the line.
Measured: 6 weeks
Shoulder Functionality
Patients' functionality was assessed with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The index was developed to measure pain and disability. It contains 5 questions for pain and 8 questions for disability. Patients are asked to answer each question on a scale from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain/strain; 10 = maximum pain experienced/inability to do anything). The score is calculated separately for pain, disability, and total score. The score is calculated by adding the scores for each section, dividing by the maximum possible score for that section, and multiplying by 100. Higher scores indicate greater pain and disability.
Measured: 6 weeks
Anxiety
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess patients' anxiety levels. The original version of the scale was developed by Spielberger and colleagues. This self-assessment scale consists of two subscales: State and Trait Anxiety. State anxiety assesses an individual's level of anxiety in a given situation, while trait anxiety indicates an individual's tendency to experience anxiety. The scale consists of 40 items (20 for state anxiety and 20 for trait anxiety), and each item is scored from 1 to 4. The total score ranges from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels.
Measured: 6 weeks
Upper Extremity Stability and Mobility
The Y-Balance Test was used to assess patients' upper extremity stability and mobility. The upper extremity Y-Balance test is a functional test that allows simultaneous assessment of upper extremity stability, core stability, and contralateral upper extremity mobility. In the test, the subject stabilizes body weight with one upper extremity while maximally extending the other extremity in three directions. Due to the cost of the original Y-Balance Test kit, a modified Y-Balance test was used in our study. The farthest distance reached in each direction was recorded in cm. Three measurements were taken on the right and left arms. To eliminate the upper extremity length advantage, composite values were calculated for both the right and left extremities.
Measured: 6 weeks
Pulse
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive, painless, and reliable method for measuring oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Patients' pulse values were assessed using a finger-type pulse oximetry device.
Measured: 6 weeks
Oxygen Saturation
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive, painless, and reliable method for measuring oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Patients' oxygen saturation values were assessed using a finger-type pulse oximetry device.
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Jul 2025
- Study start2 May 2024
- Primary completion6 Dec 2024
- Study completion10 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Rotator Cuff LesionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Biruni UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zeynep HOŞBAY, Biruni University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07091903
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Breath in rotator cuff lesion
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 15 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 29 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Lee BK. Effects of the combined PNF and deep breathing exercises on the ROM and the VAS score of a frozen shoulder patient: Single case study. J Exerc Rehabil. 2015 Oct 30;11(5):276-81. doi: 10.12965/jer.150229. eCollection 2015 Oct.
PubMed 26535219Fernandez-Lopez I, Pena-Otero D, Atin-Arratibel MLA, Eguillor-Mutiloa M, Bravo-Llatas C, Genoves-Crespo M, Callejas-Gonzalez FJ. Effects of diaphragm muscle treatment in shoulder pain and mobility in subjects with rotator cuff injuries: A dataset derived from a pilot clinical trial. Data Brief. 2021 Feb 12;35:106867. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106867. eCollection 2021 Apr.
PubMed 33665260
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises Applied in Addition to Conventional Treatment on Pain, Upper Extremity Stability, and Anxiety in Individuals With Rotator Cuff Lesion
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07091903
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Breath in rotator cuff lesion
- Conditions
- Rotator Cuff Lesions
- Keywords
- Rotator Cuff Lesions, Anxiety, Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Pain, Upper Extremity Stability
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Biruni UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 May 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 6 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional treatment and post isometric relaxation technique on pain, range of motion, functionality, upper extremity stability, and anxiety in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. The study included 32 participants aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with rotator cuff lesions. The control group (n=16) received conventional treatment and the post-isometric relaxation technique, while the respiratory group (n=16) received diaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional treatment and the post-isometric relaxation technique. The researcher used the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity, a universal goniometer to measure range of motion, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) to evaluate functional status, the Upper Extremity Y-Balance Test to assess upper extremity stability, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure anxiety levels, and a finger-type pulse oximeter to record pulse and oxygen saturation values. The researcher used SPSS V.27 program for statistical analysis of the data.
Detailed description
Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal problem affecting a large portion of the general population. Its prevalence ranges from 7% to 25%. One of the most common causes is rotator cuff lesions. Rotator cuff lesions are pathologies that begin with acute tendonitis and progress to partial or full-thickness ruptures as degeneration progresses, leading to extensive progression. Their prevalence among individuals with shoulder pain exceeds 70%. Studies have shown that the incidence increases after age 40, and this rate exceeds 50% in those over age 60. The most common clinical symptoms observed in patients with rotator cuff lesions are decreased shoulder range of motion and flexibility, pain, and impaired shoulder function. This resulting pain and loss of function significantly impact performance in activities of daily living and quality of life. The literature indicates that patients with rotator cuff lesions generally experience additional problems such as depression, anxiety, poor sleep quality, and kinesiophobia. Psychological factors are also thought to play a role in the etiology and chronicity of shoulder pain. In order to achieve a functional movement, parameters such as sufficient November muscle strength, mobility, stability, flexibility, coordination, balance are required along the basic movement pattern. In shoulder pathologies, decreased mobility due to restriction of upper limb movement affects stability. The deterioration of these components leads to a deterioration of functional movement. Conservative or surgical methods can be used in the treatment of rotator cuff lesions. Conservative treatment is known to be the preferred and effective method. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, activity modification, and physiotherapy constitute conservative treatment. Physiotherapy includes rest, stretching, manual therapy, active and passive shoulder exercises, and physical therapy modalities. The primary goals of the treatment program are to reduce pain and dysfunction, regain range of motion by stretching the posterior capsule and other soft tissues, and increase rotator cuff and scapular muscle strength. Post-isometric relaxation is a muscle energy technique (MET) defined as the reduction of tone in the agonist muscle after isometric contraction. It is considered a manual therapy technique, aims to reduce muscle tension by regulating muscle function, and is used in both subacute and chronic settings. Muscle energy techniques have been found to have a positive effect in reducing pain and increasing range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis and impingement. Diaphragmatic breathing exercises contribute to core stabilization. Diaphragmatic movements during respiration affect the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Recent studies have shown that breathing exercises are among the pain-reducing interventions. Pro-inflammatory markers are reduced with breathing exercises, thus demonstrating their effectiveness in reducing inflammation. Relaxation and deep breathing exercises are believed to reduce pain and improve quality of life in individuals with shoulder pain. Furthermore, breathing exercises and breath awareness enhance psychological and physical well-being and, through the resulting relaxation effect, reduce pain. There are studies demonstrating that diaphragmatic breathing exercises positively impact trunk muscle activity and functional levels in musculoskeletal conditions such as low back pain. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and breathing exercises applied to patients with frozen shoulder have been shown to reduce pain and increase range of motion. Similarly, diaphragmatic mobilization and diaphragmatic breathing exercises have been found to be effective in reducing pain and improving quality of life in individuals with shoulder pain. A review of the literature reveals a limited number of studies investigating the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing exercises in shoulder patients. No studies have been found evaluating the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises applied in addition to post-isometric relaxation techniques on upper extremity stability and anxiety parameters in individuals with rotator cuff lesions. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises applied in addition to conventional treatment and post-isometric relaxation techniques on pain, range of motion, functionality, upper extremity stability, and anxiety parameters in individuals with rotator cuff lesions.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| The Respiratory Group | Experimental | Other: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise, Other: Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation techniqueDiaphragmatic breathing exercises in addition to conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique were applied to the respiratory group. |
| The Control Group | Experimental | Other: Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation techniqueConventional treatment and post-isometric relaxation technique were applied to the control group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being between 18 and 65 years of age,
- Having been diagnosed with a rotator cuff lesion,
- Having unilateral shoulder pain that has persisted for at least 4 weeks,
- Having no cognitive or mental problems,
- Individuals who are willing to participate in the study and are willing to cooperate.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patients who have received local corticosteroid injections or corticosteroid treatment within the last three months,
- Patients who have a total rotator cuff tear (Stage 3 according to Neer),
- Patients who have shoulder instability or fractures,
- Patients who have a history of shoulder, upper extremity, or thoracic surgery,
- Patients who have neuromuscular disease, unstable angina, malignancy, pulmonary or vascular problems, inflammatory arthritis, vertigo, various vestibular system pathologies, and communication problems.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Diaphragmatic breathing exerciseIndividuals in the respiratory group received a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, 3 days a week. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise was performed with the participants in a supine position with bent knees, 10 repetitions and 3 sets. | Other | The Respiratory Group |
| Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation techniqueIndividuals in the respiratory group received a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, 3 days a week. The treatment of individuals in this group included conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique. Conventional treatment included an exercise program consisting of Wand, Codman, and finger ladder exercise, in addition to 20 min HotPack, 20 min TENS and 5 min Ultrasound modalities. Each of the exercises was applied as 10 repetitions and 1 sets. Post-isometric relaxation technique was applied with 5 seconds of isometric contraction in the direction of flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, 5 repetitions, 2 sets. | Other | The Control Group, The Respiratory Group |
Primary outcome
Range of Motion of the Shoulder Joint
Time frame: 6 weeks
In our study, individuals' shoulder joint range of motion was measured with a "universal goniometer" and evaluated. Goniometric measurement is an objective method frequently used in ROM evaluation. Before and after treatment, individuals' shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation active range of motion was measured with a universal goniometer. Measurements were made 3 times and the average of each measurement was recorded.
Shoulder Pain
Time frame: 6 weeks
In our study, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The Visual Analog Scale is a scale in which pain intensity is expressed by marking on a line 0-10 cm long. Before the assessment, participants were informed that the numbers on the scale were expressed as "'0: no pain' and '10: unbearable pain'" and were asked to mark the intensity of pain they felt at rest, during activity, and at night on the line.
Shoulder Functionality
Time frame: 6 weeks
Patients' functionality was assessed with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The index was developed to measure pain and disability. It contains 5 questions for pain and 8 questions for disability. Patients are asked to answer each question on a scale from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain/strain; 10 = maximum pain experienced/inability to do anything). The score is calculated separately for pain, disability, and total score. The score is calculated by adding the scores for each section, dividing by the maximum possible score for that section, and multiplying by 100. Higher scores indicate greater pain and disability.
Anxiety
Time frame: 6 weeks
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess patients' anxiety levels. The original version of the scale was developed by Spielberger and colleagues. This self-assessment scale consists of two subscales: State and Trait Anxiety. State anxiety assesses an individual's level of anxiety in a given situation, while trait anxiety indicates an individual's tendency to experience anxiety. The scale consists of 40 items (20 for state anxiety and 20 for trait anxiety), and each item is scored from 1 to 4. The total score ranges from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels.
Upper Extremity Stability and Mobility
Time frame: 6 weeks
The Y-Balance Test was used to assess patients' upper extremity stability and mobility. The upper extremity Y-Balance test is a functional test that allows simultaneous assessment of upper extremity stability, core stability, and contralateral upper extremity mobility. In the test, the subject stabilizes body weight with one upper extremity while maximally extending the other extremity in three directions. Due to the cost of the original Y-Balance Test kit, a modified Y-Balance test was used in our study. The farthest distance reached in each direction was recorded in cm. Three measurements were taken on the right and left arms. To eliminate the upper extremity length advantage, composite values were calculated for both the right and left extremities.
Pulse
Time frame: 6 weeks
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive, painless, and reliable method for measuring oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Patients' pulse values were assessed using a finger-type pulse oximetry device.
Oxygen Saturation
Time frame: 6 weeks
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive, painless, and reliable method for measuring oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Patients' oxygen saturation values were assessed using a finger-type pulse oximetry device.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jul 2025.
- Background: PubMed 26535219Lee BK. Effects of the combined PNF and deep breathing exercises on the ROM and the VAS score of a frozen shoulder patient: Single case study. J Exerc Rehabil. 2015 Oct 30;11(5):276-81. doi: 10.12965/jer.150229. eCollection 2015 Oct.
- Background: PubMed 33665260Fernandez-Lopez I, Pena-Otero D, Atin-Arratibel MLA, Eguillor-Mutiloa M, Bravo-Llatas C, Genoves-Crespo M, Callejas-Gonzalez FJ. Effects of diaphragm muscle treatment in shoulder pain and mobility in subjects with rotator cuff injuries: A dataset derived from a pilot clinical trial. Data Brief. 2021 Feb 12;35:106867. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106867. eCollection 2021 Apr.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Diaphragmatic breathing exercise and Conventional physiotherapy and post-isometric relaxation technique in people with Rotator Cuff Lesions, run by Biruni University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Range of Motion of the Shoulder Joint (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07091903, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jul 2025.