Eye MovementsADRRPsNCT07105462
The Effects of Rotational Prisms on Badminton Players' Ocular Vergence Training and Enhancement of Shot Accuracy
A study testing Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eye in people with Eye Movements and Visual Perception, run by China Medical University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial is designed to investigate whether a novel visual training system can improve eye coordination, reaction time, and hitting accuracy in competitive badminton players. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Eye Movements, Visual Perception, Psychomotor Performance
- What is being tested?
- Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eye
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 26 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 24 Mar 2025to 30 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Minimum of 2 years of consistent badminton training
- Best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes (distance and near)
- No history of ocular pathology
- Willingness to comply with all study procedures and follow-up
Who cannot join
- Presence of constant strabismus or binocular vision anomaly
- History of ocular trauma, strabismus surgery, or refractive surgery
- Neurological or systemic conditions affecting vision
- Ongoing medication that may influence ocular motor function
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Application of Intelligent Visual Training in the Sports Industry: The Effects of Rotational Prisms on Badminton Players' Ocular Vergence Training and Enhancement of Shot Accuracy
This randomized controlled trial is designed to investigate whether a novel visual training system can improve eye coordination, reaction time, and hitting accuracy in competitive badminton players. The training utilizes a device called the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs), which presents alternating base-in and base-out prism demands to stimulate vergence eye movements. This type of training aims to enhance the eyes' ability to converge and diverge quickly and accurately-a function that is important for visual clarity and motor performance during fast-paced sports.
A total of 26 collegiate badminton athletes aged 18 to 25 years will be recruited from two universities in Taiwan. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a visual training group using the active ADRRPs system, and a control group using a sham version of the same device containing plano lenses (with no prism effect). Training will be delivered twice per week for four weeks, with each session lasting 15 minutes. During each session, participants will view a video while the device applies alternating prism stimulation based on each individual's pre-measured fusional vergence capacity.
Read more
Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and after the four-week training period. These include vergence facility (cycles per minute), accommodative facility (flipper test), near point of convergence, and positive fusional vergence at near. Reaction time will be measured using a light-based agility task with BlazePod sensors, and hitting performance will be evaluated using a shuttlecock launcher that delivers randomized targets to various court zones.
All participants will be monitored for any adverse events, and any symptoms such as diplopia, dizziness, or discomfort will be documented. Data will be analyzed as described in the Statistical Analysis Plan.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial explores the application of vergence eye movement training in enhancing visuomotor performance in competitive badminton athletes. The intervention utilizes a device known as the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs), which delivers alternating base-out and base-in prism stimulation in an automated manner to engage binocular vergence mechanisms.
The study targets young adult badminton players with at least two years of consistent training. Participants are randomly allocated to either an experimental group, which receives active prism training using the ADRRPs, or a control group using an identical headset without prism rotation. Both groups undergo training sessions twice a week for four weeks, with each session lasting 15 minutes. Visual stimuli are standardized across groups and delivered at a fixed near working distance of 40 cm.
The prism rotation parameters are set to simulate dynamic vergence demands based on pre-measured individual capabilities. This approach aims to create a structured vergence load while minimizing visual discomfort. The control condition serves to control for placebo and attentional effects.
Outcome measures are selected to assess both oculomotor and performance domains. These include vergence facility, accommodative facility, near point of convergence, and positive fusional vergence-all measured using standardized optometric tools. Reaction time is assessed via a BlazePod light stimulus test, and hitting accuracy is evaluated through a shuttlecock launcher delivering randomized trajectories to simulate game-like performance.
The trial design incorporates single-blinding and concealed allocation procedures. Data analysis will follow a pre-specified statistical analysis plan, and participants will be closely monitored for any adverse symptoms during the course of the intervention. Ethics approval has been obtained from the relevant institutional review board.
- Conditions
- Eye Movements, Visual Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Sports
- Being tested
- Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eye, 1. Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training; 2. Control Group Intervention Name: Sham Training with Plano Lenses.
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eyeDevice
ADRRPs Vergence Training
Intervention Description:
Participants wore an ADRRPs headset that applied alternating base-in and base-out prism power to stimulate vergence eye movements. Prism levels were customized based on each participant's fusional vergence. Training was performed twice weekly for 15 minutes over four weeks while viewing a near video target.
Sham Visual Training with Plano Lenses
Intervention Description:
Participants wore an identical ADRRPs headset fitted with plano lenses that produced no prism effect. The procedure and schedule matched the experimental group but provided no vergence stimulation, serving as a sham control.
1. Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training; 2. Control Group Intervention Name: Sham Training with Plano Lenses.Device
ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training This intervention used the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs) system to deliver alternating base-in and base-out prism stimulation for vergence training. Prism levels were customized based on each participant's fusional vergence. Training was conducted twice per week for four weeks, 15 minutes per session, while participants viewed a near video target. This protocol provides automated and symmetric vergence demand, distinguishing it from conventional near-point or static prism exercises.
Sham Training with Plano Lenses Participants used the same ADRRPs headset as the experimental group but with plano lenses that produced no prism effect. The training schedule and visual tasks matched the experimental condition, but no vergence stimulus was applied. This design enabled participant masking while providing no active optical stimulation, serving as a sham comparator distinct from both active training and no-treatment controls.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Vergence Training with ADRRPs | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm will receive vergence training using Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs), a computerized visual device designed to induce alternating base-out and base-in prism stimulation. The prisms rotate automatically to simulate dynamic convergence and divergence demands, cycling between 0 to 30 prism diopters base-out over 5 seconds and 30 base-out to 10 base-in over 3 seconds. Each participant will undergo 8 training sessions over 4 weeks (twice weekly), with each session lasting 15 minutes. During training, participants view standardized video targets positioned at a 40 cm working distance while instructed to maintain clear and single binocular vision. The intervention aims to engage and strengthen vergence eye movements critical for visual performance in dynamic sports environments. Receives: Device: Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eye |
| Arm 2: Sham Training with Plano Lenses | Sham comparator | Participants assigned to this arm will undergo sham vergence training using the same Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs) headset, but fitted with non-refractive plano lenses and with no prism rotation. The training schedule and environment are identical to the intervention arm: 8 sessions over 4 weeks (twice weekly), with each session lasting 15 minutes. Visual targets are presented at a 40 cm viewing distance using the same video stimuli. This sham training condition is designed to control for potential placebo effects and to isolate the specific influence of dynamic prism-induced vergence stimulation used in the experimental arm. Receives: Device: 1. Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training; 2. Control Group Intervention Name: Sham Training with Plano Lenses. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Reaction Time Measured by BlazePod Test
- Time in seconds required to complete 10 light-response trials using BlazePod; lower values indicate better performance.
- Unit of Measure: seconds
Measured: Baseline and Week 4 (post-intervention)
Secondary outcomes (5)
Vergence Facility in Cycles per Minute (cpm)
- Measured using 12 BO/3 BI prism flippers at 40 cm with a 20/32 target; higher values indicate better vergence flexibility.
- Unit of Measure: cycles per minute
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Accommodative Facility in Cycles per Minute (cpm)
- Measured binocularly with ±2.00 D flippers at 40 cm.
- Unit of Measure: cycles per minute
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Near Point of Convergence Distance
- Break point measured using RAF rule.
- Unit of Measure: centimeters
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Positive Fusional Vergence Break and Recovery Points
- Measured using prism bars at 40 cm. Report break and recovery values.
- Unit of Measure: prism diopters
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Number of Successful Shuttlecock Hits
- Number of accurate hits out of 16 randomized shuttle launches.
- Unit of Measure: count (number)
Measured: Baseline and Week 4
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Aug 2025
- Study start24 Mar 2025
- Primary completion30 May 2025
- Study completion30 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Eye MovementsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by China Medical University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- China Medical University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Hsuan-Yu Huang, Ph.D., Study chair, College of Health Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07105462
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CRREC-114-011
- Acronym
- ADRRPs
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 16 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 6 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Chiang YW, Chang JY, Lee CH, Huang CW, Wei SC, Yeh SM, Huang SY, Hung WC, Shyu YL. Wearable Sports Vision Training May Improve Selected Visuomotor Outcomes and Hitting Precision in Collegiate Badminton Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diagnostics (Basel). 2026 Jun 8;16(12):1769. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16121769.
PubMed 42351429
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Application of Intelligent Visual Training in the Sports Industry: The Effects of Rotational Prisms on Badminton Players' Ocular Vergence Training and Enhancement of Shot Accuracy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07105462
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ADRRPs / CRREC-114-011
- Conditions
- Eye Movements, Visual Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Sports
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 26 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- China Medical University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial is designed to investigate whether a novel visual training system can improve eye coordination, reaction time, and hitting accuracy in competitive badminton players. The training utilizes a device called the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs), which presents alternating base-in and base-out prism demands to stimulate vergence eye movements. This type of training aims to enhance the eyes' ability to converge and diverge quickly and accurately-a function that is important for visual clarity and motor performance during fast-paced sports.
A total of 26 collegiate badminton athletes aged 18 to 25 years will be recruited from two universities in Taiwan. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a visual training group using the active ADRRPs system, and a control group using a sham version of the same device containing plano lenses (with no prism effect). Training will be delivered twice per week for four weeks, with each session lasting 15 minutes. During each session, participants will view a video while the device applies alternating prism stimulation based on each individual's pre-measured fusional vergence capacity.
Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and after the four-week training period. These include vergence facility (cycles per minute), accommodative facility (flipper test), near point of convergence, and positive fusional vergence at near. Reaction time will be measured using a light-based agility task with BlazePod sensors, and hitting performance will be evaluated using a shuttlecock launcher that delivers randomized targets to various court zones.
All participants will be monitored for any adverse events, and any symptoms such as diplopia, dizziness, or discomfort will be documented. Data will be analyzed as described in the Statistical Analysis Plan.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial explores the application of vergence eye movement training in enhancing visuomotor performance in competitive badminton athletes. The intervention utilizes a device known as the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs), which delivers alternating base-out and base-in prism stimulation in an automated manner to engage binocular vergence mechanisms.
The study targets young adult badminton players with at least two years of consistent training. Participants are randomly allocated to either an experimental group, which receives active prism training using the ADRRPs, or a control group using an identical headset without prism rotation. Both groups undergo training sessions twice a week for four weeks, with each session lasting 15 minutes. Visual stimuli are standardized across groups and delivered at a fixed near working distance of 40 cm.
The prism rotation parameters are set to simulate dynamic vergence demands based on pre-measured individual capabilities. This approach aims to create a structured vergence load while minimizing visual discomfort. The control condition serves to control for placebo and attentional effects.
Outcome measures are selected to assess both oculomotor and performance domains. These include vergence facility, accommodative facility, near point of convergence, and positive fusional vergence-all measured using standardized optometric tools. Reaction time is assessed via a BlazePod light stimulus test, and hitting accuracy is evaluated through a shuttlecock launcher delivering randomized trajectories to simulate game-like performance.
The trial design incorporates single-blinding and concealed allocation procedures. Data analysis will follow a pre-specified statistical analysis plan, and participants will be closely monitored for any adverse symptoms during the course of the intervention. Ethics approval has been obtained from the relevant institutional review board.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Vergence Training with ADRRPs | Experimental | Device: Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eyeParticipants assigned to this arm will receive vergence training using Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs), a computerized visual device designed to induce alternating base-out and base-in prism stimulation. The prisms rotate automatically to simulate dynamic convergence and divergence demands, cycling between 0 to 30 prism diopters base-out over 5 seconds and 30 base-out to 10 base-in over 3 seconds. Each participant will undergo 8 training sessions over 4 weeks (twice weekly), with each session lasting 15 minutes. During training, participants view standardized video targets positioned at a 40 cm working distance while instructed to maintain clear and single binocular vision. The intervention aims to engage and strengthen vergence eye movements critical for visual performance in dynamic sports environments. |
| Arm 2: Sham Training with Plano Lenses | Sham comparator | Device: 1. Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training; 2. Control Group Intervention Name: Sham Training with Plano Lenses.Participants assigned to this arm will undergo sham vergence training using the same Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs) headset, but fitted with non-refractive plano lenses and with no prism rotation. The training schedule and environment are identical to the intervention arm: 8 sessions over 4 weeks (twice weekly), with each session lasting 15 minutes. Visual targets are presented at a 40 cm viewing distance using the same video stimuli. This sham training condition is designed to control for potential placebo effects and to isolate the specific influence of dynamic prism-induced vergence stimulation used in the experimental arm. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Minimum of 2 years of consistent badminton training
- Best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes (distance and near)
- No history of ocular pathology
- Willingness to comply with all study procedures and follow-up
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Presence of constant strabismus or binocular vision anomaly
- History of ocular trauma, strabismus surgery, or refractive surgery
- Neurological or systemic conditions affecting vision
- Ongoing medication that may influence ocular motor function
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eyeADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an ADRRPs headset that applied alternating base-in and base-out prism power to stimulate vergence eye movements. Prism levels were customized based on each participant's fusional vergence. Training was performed twice weekly for 15 minutes over four weeks while viewing a near video target. Sham Visual Training with Plano Lenses Intervention Description: Participants wore an identical ADRRPs headset fitted with plano lenses that produced no prism effect. The procedure and schedule matched the experimental group but provided no vergence stimulation, serving as a sham control. | Device | Arm 1: Vergence Training with ADRRPs |
| 1. Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training; 2. Control Group Intervention Name: Sham Training with Plano Lenses.ADRRPs-Based Vergence Training This intervention used the Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms (ADRRPs) system to deliver alternating base-in and base-out prism stimulation for vergence training. Prism levels were customized based on each participant's fusional vergence. Training was conducted twice per week for four weeks, 15 minutes per session, while participants viewed a near video target. This protocol provides automated and symmetric vergence demand, distinguishing it from conventional near-point or static prism exercises. Sham Training with Plano Lenses Participants used the same ADRRPs headset as the experimental group but with plano lenses that produced no prism effect. The training schedule and visual tasks matched the experimental condition, but no vergence stimulus was applied. This design enabled participant masking while providing no active optical stimulation, serving as a sham comparator distinct from both active training and no-treatment controls. | Device | Arm 2: Sham Training with Plano Lenses |
Primary outcome
Reaction Time Measured by BlazePod Test
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4 (post-intervention)
* Time in seconds required to complete 10 light-response trials using BlazePod; lower values indicate better performance. * Unit of Measure: seconds
5 secondary outcomes
Vergence Facility in Cycles per Minute (cpm)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Accommodative Facility in Cycles per Minute (cpm)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Near Point of Convergence Distance
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Positive Fusional Vergence Break and Recovery Points
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Number of Successful Shuttlecock Hits
Time frame: Baseline and Week 4
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Aug 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42351429Chiang YW, Chang JY, Lee CH, Huang CW, Wei SC, Yeh SM, Huang SY, Hung WC, Shyu YL. Wearable Sports Vision Training May Improve Selected Visuomotor Outcomes and Hitting Precision in Collegiate Badminton Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diagnostics (Basel). 2026 Jun 8;16(12):1769. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16121769.
Related trials for Eye Movements
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Early Molecular Biomarkers for Differentiating Parkinsonian Syndromes
PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder), Atypical Parkinsonism
Enrolling by invitationPhase 2
The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Clinical Trial Platform - Regimen A: AADvac1
PSP - Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
RecruitingPhase 1/2
Tributyrin for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP): Virtual Trial
Parkinson Disease, Multiple System Atrophy
RecruitingPhase 2
The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Clinical Trial Platform
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy(PSP)
Enrolling by invitationPhase 2
The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Clinical Trial Platform - Regimen B: LM11A-31
PSP - Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hsuan-Yu Huang, Ph.D. study chair
College of Health Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Arm 1 - Experimental Group Intervention Name: ADRRPs Vergence Training Intervention Description: Participants wore an Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prism (ADRRPs) headset to perform vergence eye in people with Eye Movements and Visual Perception, run by China Medical University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Reaction Time Measured by BlazePod Test (time frame: Baseline and Week 4 (post-intervention)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07105462, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Aug 2025.