Pressure WoundsNCT07114003
Effects of Virtual Reality Application on Pain, Anxiety, and Patient Satisfaction in Dressing Patients With Pressure Sores
A study testing virtual reality application in people with Pressure Wounds, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Pressure ulcers are serious and costly wounds that typically develop as a result of impaired blood flow in tissues exposed to prolonged pressure. They are particularly at risk in the elderly, critically ill patients, and individuals with limited mobility. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Pressure Wounds
- What is being tested?
- virtual reality application
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 62 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2025to 1 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants will be individuals aged 18 and over (inclusive), who have no hearing/visual impairment, do not have epilepsy, vertigo, or claustrophobia, and who agree to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Patients who exhibit symptoms of cybersickness (dizziness, nausea, etc.) due to the VR application, who require analgesia during the intervention, or who do not feel pain due to neuropathy, and who express their wish to withdraw from the study will be excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Virtual Reality Application on Pain, Anxiety, and Patient Satisfaction in Dressing Patients With Pressure Sores: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pressure ulcers are serious and costly wounds that typically develop as a result of impaired blood flow in tissues exposed to prolonged pressure. They are particularly at risk in the elderly, critically ill patients, and individuals with limited mobility. Pain and anxiety during dressing applications for pressure ulcers can negatively impact patient comfort and compliance. There are limited studies in the literature on the use of nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain and anxiety during the dressing process for pressure ulcers. Virtual reality (VR) applications stand out as an effective method for managing pain and anxiety by providing distraction. However, existing studies generally cover all chronic wounds and lack specific research on the use of VR during the dressing process in individuals with pressure ulcers. Therefore, the proposed study aims to examine the effects of VR application during dressing on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction in patients with pressure ulcers and aims to make an original contribution to the literature.
Read the detailed description
A pressure ulcer is a condition that occurs when local tissues in a patient are subjected to prolonged pressure, affecting blood circulation and causing pathological changes . Individuals exposed to prolonged pressure are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers due to local tissue compression, inadequate nutrition, and soft tissue necrosis. Pressure ulcers typically develop as a result of local factors (e.g., pressure, friction, shear, and/or moisture) acting at the level of bony prominences or mechanical pressure from medical devices (cable, cannula, drain, etc.). However, the formation of these wounds is multifactorial, and individual characteristics (age, comorbidities, nutritional status, etc.) also play an important role. With increasing life expectancy, the risk of pressure ulcers increases in older adults, critically ill patients, and those with spinal cord injury or disease. Despite preventive measures, the incidence of pressure ulcers has not decreased for decades. In addition to the risk of pain, infection, and death, the cost of treating pressure ulcers is also quite high. Therefore, developing practices to prevent and treat pressure ulcers is critical. According to the 2023 guidelines of the Wound Healing Society (WHS) and the European Tissue Repair Society (ETRS), pressure ulcers are frequently painful, and this pain is often associated with dressing changes (Level III). Uncontrolled pain can negatively impact patient compliance and quality of life, leading to anxiety. Kim et al.explained the factors affecting pain in pressure wounds with a proposed conceptual framework derived from the biopsychosocial model and emphasized that wound care nurses should implement interventions to reduce pain and anxiety. The duties of wound care nurses, an important part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team in wound care, are not limited to prevention and treatment strategies; they also encompass responsibilities focused on patient-centered, holistic management. The holistic care practices of wound care nurses have been shown to be generally associated with positive outcomes in terms of wound healing, pressure sore incidence, and treatment costs. Furthermore, the importance of considering the main symptoms frequently experienced by patients, such as pain, anxiety, depression, and stress, has been emphasized for a holistic assessment of wound care. In providing effective pain control, the combined application of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods with a multimodal approach is strongly emphasized. The almost complete absence of side effects, low cost, and ease of application of non-pharmacological methods used in pain management provide many advantages, such as saving labor and reducing the frequency of analgesic use. Virtual reality (VR) applications are used as a non-pharmacological treatment option to reduce acute and chronic pain and anxiety. More specifically, it is assumed that VR applications alter the negative emotions associated with previous pain experiences and reframe this experience in a positive way by giving the user the experience of being in a new environment. In the clinical setting, VR can also reduce the level of pain-related anxiety by altering the processing of cognitive and emotional affect signals in the central nervous system. By manipulating the environment, it constitutes an effective emotion-focused coping strategy by shifting the focus of attention away from unpleasant stimuli . The literature reports that VR application has positive effects on wound dressing changes and chronic pain. It has been reported that the use of VR during burn dressings positively affects children's physiological parameters and is effective in reducing fear, anxiety, and pain levels.
To our knowledge, no studies have been found in the literature specifically addressing the use of VR, a non-pharmacological method, in the dressing process of pressure ulcers. In this context, the proposed project makes a unique contribution to the literature by focusing solely on the use of VR in patients with pressure ulcers. In light of these considerations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VR use on pain and anxiety during dressing in patients with pressure ulcers, as well as patient satisfaction.
- Conditions
- Pressure Wounds
- Being tested
- virtual reality application
- Keywords
- Virtual Reality, Pain, Anxiety, Patient Satisfaction
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Anxiety Disorders, Patient Satisfaction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
virtual reality applicationBehavioural
The Oculus Meta Quest Pro is a virtual reality headset with 256 GB of storage. Its LCD screen offers a resolution of 1800 x 1920 pixels per eye and supports refresh rates from 90 Hz to 120 Hz. It is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2+ processor. It features eye tracking and facial tracking, controllers with TruTouch haptics and precision tracking, and built-in 3D spatial audio support. The program, which will be played through the VR headset, is designed to use licensed programs featuring nature scenes (forest, sea, beach, etc.) and relaxing music for 20-30 minutes. The program content will be created by selecting nature sounds and music known to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety. To ensure the program's internal validity, the opinions of healthcare professionals with clinical experience will be obtained to assess whether the program achieves the intended relaxing effect.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality (Experimental Group) | Experimental | In the experimental group, a distraction-inducing intervention will be performed using virtual reality goggles. Unlike traditional methods, the VR goggle method is designed to provide patients with an interactive experience in a visual and auditory environment. The audio and video content of the VR program will be determined by drawing inspiration from proven studies and consulting with healthcare professionals with clinical experience. This method aims to create a stronger distraction effect and achieve greater effectiveness in pain and anxiety management. Pain levels will be measured from all participants before, during, and after the dressing application; a state anxiety inventory will be completed after the dressing application. Receives: Behavioral: virtual reality application |
| Routine Care (Control Group) | No intervention | All participating patients will be interviewed in the clinic to obtain written informed consent. A personal information form and a state-trait anxiety inventory will be completed. All participants will receive standard treatment and nursing practices during wound care. These practices include proper wound cleaning, use of aseptic techniques for infection control, and thorough implementation of dressing procedures. Additionally, routine distraction methods (e.g., listening to music, talking to the patient, reading a book) are recommended and implemented by the nurses in the clinic, depending on the patient's preference. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain assessment
In measuring pain, a visual assessment scale (VAS) will be used, where the evaluation is made by making marks on a 100 mm or 10 cm vertical or horizontal line, where there is no pain at one end and the most severe pain at the other end. Pain will be measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), which uses markings on a 100 mm or 10 cm vertical or horizontal line, with no pain at one end and the most severe pain at the other. Pain will be measured before, during, and after dressing application.
Measured: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Anxiety Assesment
State Trait Anxiety Inventary will be used. Before the dressing, the state and trait anxiety inventories will be administered. After the dressing, the state anxiety inventory will be administered again to assess anxiety. This constant value is 50 for state anxiety and 35 for trait anxiety. The resulting value represents the individual's anxiety score. Interpretation of Scores: The total score obtained from both scales ranges from 20 to 80. A higher score indicates a higher level of anxiety, while a lower score indicates a lower level of anxiety.
Measured: Before the Procedure and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Patient satisfaction
Patients will be asked about their satisfaction with the application (not satisfied, undecided, satisfied, very satisfied) and the experimental group will be asked whether they would like to use the SG application again.
Measured: baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Aug 2025
- Study start1 Nov 2025
- Primary completion1 May 2026
- Study completion1 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pressure WoundsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cukurova UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study will be conducted as a two-group, repeated-test design, experimental, randomized controlled interventional study aiming to evaluate the effect of VR application.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 62 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Toros University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Derya Gezer, Tarsus University
- Investigators
- Derya GEZER, Asisstant Professor, Principal investigator, Tarsus UniversityEsma Gökçe, Asisstant Professor, Study director, Toros UniversityDudu Alptekin, Dr, Principal investigator, Cukurova University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07114003
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Tarsus University
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 28 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 15 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Results regarding the effects of VR use on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during dressing of patients with pressure ulcers will be shared. However, your personal information will not be shared.
Publications
Kilic U, Tural Buyuk E. The Effect of Using Virtual Reality During Burn Dressing on Pain, Anxiety and Fear Felt in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Burn Care Res. 2024 Aug 6;45(4):949-957. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irae005.
PubMed 38224569Gould LJ, Alderden J, Aslam R, Barbul A, Bogie KM, El Masry M, Graves LY, White-Chu EF, Ahmed A, Boanca K, Brash J, Brooks KR, Cockron W, Kennerly SM, Livingston AK, Page J, Stephens C, West V, Yap TL. WHS guidelines for the treatment of pressure ulcers-2023 update. Wound Repair Regen. 2024 Jan-Feb;32(1):6-33. doi: 10.1111/wrr.13130. Epub 2023 Dec 20.
PubMed 37970711Gefen A, Alves P, Ciprandi G, Coyer F, Milne C, Ousey K, Ohura N, Waters N, Worsley P, Black J, Barakat-Johnson M, Beeckman D, Fletcher J, Kirkland-Kyhn H, Lahmann NA, Moore Z, Payan Y, Schluer AB. An international consensus on device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. Br J Nurs. 2020 Mar 12;29(5):S36-S38. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.S36.
PubMed 32167820Fearns N, Heller-Murphy S, Kelly J, Harbour J. Placing the patient at the centre of chronic wound care: A qualitative evidence synthesis. J Tissue Viability. 2017 Nov;26(4):254-259. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
PubMed 28893459Edsberg LE, Black JM, Goldberg M, McNichol L, Moore L, Sieggreen M. Revised National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Injury Staging System: Revised Pressure Injury Staging System. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2016 Nov/Dec;43(6):585-597. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000281.
PubMed 27749790Dowsett C. T.I.M.E. to improve patient outcomes: use of a clinical decision support tool to optimise wound care. Br J Community Nurs. 2019 Mar 1;24(Sup3):S6-S11. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.Sup3.S6.
PubMed 30817187Coleman S, Gorecki C, Nelson EA, Closs SJ, Defloor T, Halfens R, Farrin A, Brown J, Schoonhoven L, Nixon J. Patient risk factors for pressure ulcer development: systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013 Jul;50(7):974-1003. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.019. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
PubMed 23375662Chuan A, Zhou JJ, Hou RM, Stevens CJ, Bogdanovych A. Virtual reality for acute and chronic pain management in adult patients: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):695-704. doi: 10.1111/anae.15202. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
PubMed 32720308Choi T, Heo S, Choi W, Lee S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Therapy on Reducing the Degree of Pain Experienced by Individuals with Low Back Pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 16;20(4):3502. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043502.
PubMed 36834197Boyko TV, Longaker MT, Yang GP. Review of the Current Management of Pressure Ulcers. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2018 Feb 1;7(2):57-67. doi: 10.1089/wound.2016.0697.
PubMed 29392094
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Virtual Reality Application on Pain, Anxiety, and Patient Satisfaction in Dressing Patients With Pressure Sores: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07114003
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Tarsus University
- Conditions
- Pressure Wounds
- Keywords
- Virtual Reality, Pain, Anxiety, Patient Satisfaction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 62 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Toros University
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Pressure ulcers are serious and costly wounds that typically develop as a result of impaired blood flow in tissues exposed to prolonged pressure. They are particularly at risk in the elderly, critically ill patients, and individuals with limited mobility. Pain and anxiety during dressing applications for pressure ulcers can negatively impact patient comfort and compliance. There are limited studies in the literature on the use of nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain and anxiety during the dressing process for pressure ulcers. Virtual reality (VR) applications stand out as an effective method for managing pain and anxiety by providing distraction. However, existing studies generally cover all chronic wounds and lack specific research on the use of VR during the dressing process in individuals with pressure ulcers. Therefore, the proposed study aims to examine the effects of VR application during dressing on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction in patients with pressure ulcers and aims to make an original contribution to the literature.
Detailed description
A pressure ulcer is a condition that occurs when local tissues in a patient are subjected to prolonged pressure, affecting blood circulation and causing pathological changes . Individuals exposed to prolonged pressure are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers due to local tissue compression, inadequate nutrition, and soft tissue necrosis. Pressure ulcers typically develop as a result of local factors (e.g., pressure, friction, shear, and/or moisture) acting at the level of bony prominences or mechanical pressure from medical devices (cable, cannula, drain, etc.). However, the formation of these wounds is multifactorial, and individual characteristics (age, comorbidities, nutritional status, etc.) also play an important role. With increasing life expectancy, the risk of pressure ulcers increases in older adults, critically ill patients, and those with spinal cord injury or disease. Despite preventive measures, the incidence of pressure ulcers has not decreased for decades. In addition to the risk of pain, infection, and death, the cost of treating pressure ulcers is also quite high. Therefore, developing practices to prevent and treat pressure ulcers is critical. According to the 2023 guidelines of the Wound Healing Society (WHS) and the European Tissue Repair Society (ETRS), pressure ulcers are frequently painful, and this pain is often associated with dressing changes (Level III). Uncontrolled pain can negatively impact patient compliance and quality of life, leading to anxiety. Kim et al.explained the factors affecting pain in pressure wounds with a proposed conceptual framework derived from the biopsychosocial model and emphasized that wound care nurses should implement interventions to reduce pain and anxiety. The duties of wound care nurses, an important part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team in wound care, are not limited to prevention and treatment strategies; they also encompass responsibilities focused on patient-centered, holistic management. The holistic care practices of wound care nurses have been shown to be generally associated with positive outcomes in terms of wound healing, pressure sore incidence, and treatment costs. Furthermore, the importance of considering the main symptoms frequently experienced by patients, such as pain, anxiety, depression, and stress, has been emphasized for a holistic assessment of wound care. In providing effective pain control, the combined application of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods with a multimodal approach is strongly emphasized. The almost complete absence of side effects, low cost, and ease of application of non-pharmacological methods used in pain management provide many advantages, such as saving labor and reducing the frequency of analgesic use. Virtual reality (VR) applications are used as a non-pharmacological treatment option to reduce acute and chronic pain and anxiety. More specifically, it is assumed that VR applications alter the negative emotions associated with previous pain experiences and reframe this experience in a positive way by giving the user the experience of being in a new environment. In the clinical setting, VR can also reduce the level of pain-related anxiety by altering the processing of cognitive and emotional affect signals in the central nervous system. By manipulating the environment, it constitutes an effective emotion-focused coping strategy by shifting the focus of attention away from unpleasant stimuli . The literature reports that VR application has positive effects on wound dressing changes and chronic pain. It has been reported that the use of VR during burn dressings positively affects children's physiological parameters and is effective in reducing fear, anxiety, and pain levels.
To our knowledge, no studies have been found in the literature specifically addressing the use of VR, a non-pharmacological method, in the dressing process of pressure ulcers. In this context, the proposed project makes a unique contribution to the literature by focusing solely on the use of VR in patients with pressure ulcers. In light of these considerations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VR use on pain and anxiety during dressing in patients with pressure ulcers, as well as patient satisfaction.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study will be conducted as a two-group, repeated-test design, experimental, randomized controlled interventional study aiming to evaluate the effect of VR application.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality (Experimental Group) | Experimental | Behavioral: virtual reality applicationIn the experimental group, a distraction-inducing intervention will be performed using virtual reality goggles. Unlike traditional methods, the VR goggle method is designed to provide patients with an interactive experience in a visual and auditory environment. The audio and video content of the VR program will be determined by drawing inspiration from proven studies and consulting with healthcare professionals with clinical experience. This method aims to create a stronger distraction effect and achieve greater effectiveness in pain and anxiety management. Pain levels will be measured from all participants before, during, and after the dressing application; a state anxiety inventory will be completed after the dressing application. |
| Routine Care (Control Group) | No intervention | –All participating patients will be interviewed in the clinic to obtain written informed consent. A personal information form and a state-trait anxiety inventory will be completed. All participants will receive standard treatment and nursing practices during wound care. These practices include proper wound cleaning, use of aseptic techniques for infection control, and thorough implementation of dressing procedures. Additionally, routine distraction methods (e.g., listening to music, talking to the patient, reading a book) are recommended and implemented by the nurses in the clinic, depending on the patient's preference. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants will be individuals aged 18 and over (inclusive), who have no hearing/visual impairment, do not have epilepsy, vertigo, or claustrophobia, and who agree to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients who exhibit symptoms of cybersickness (dizziness, nausea, etc.) due to the VR application, who require analgesia during the intervention, or who do not feel pain due to neuropathy, and who express their wish to withdraw from the study will be excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| virtual reality applicationThe Oculus Meta Quest Pro is a virtual reality headset with 256 GB of storage. Its LCD screen offers a resolution of 1800 x 1920 pixels per eye and supports refresh rates from 90 Hz to 120 Hz. It is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2+ processor. It features eye tracking and facial tracking, controllers with TruTouch haptics and precision tracking, and built-in 3D spatial audio support. The program, which will be played through the VR headset, is designed to use licensed programs featuring nature scenes (forest, sea, beach, etc.) and relaxing music for 20-30 minutes. The program content will be created by selecting nature sounds and music known to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety. To ensure the program's internal validity, the opinions of healthcare professionals with clinical experience will be obtained to assess whether the program achieves the intended relaxing effect. | Behavioural | Virtual reality (Experimental Group) |
Primary outcome
Pain assessment
Time frame: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
In measuring pain, a visual assessment scale (VAS) will be used, where the evaluation is made by making marks on a 100 mm or 10 cm vertical or horizontal line, where there is no pain at one end and the most severe pain at the other end. Pain will be measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), which uses markings on a 100 mm or 10 cm vertical or horizontal line, with no pain at one end and the most severe pain at the other. Pain will be measured before, during, and after dressing application.
Anxiety Assesment
Time frame: Before the Procedure and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
State Trait Anxiety Inventary will be used. Before the dressing, the state and trait anxiety inventories will be administered. After the dressing, the state anxiety inventory will be administered again to assess anxiety. This constant value is 50 for state anxiety and 35 for trait anxiety. The resulting value represents the individual's anxiety score. Interpretation of Scores: The total score obtained from both scales ranges from 20 to 80. A higher score indicates a higher level of anxiety, while a lower score indicates a lower level of anxiety.
Patient satisfaction
Time frame: baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Patients will be asked about their satisfaction with the application (not satisfied, undecided, satisfied, very satisfied) and the experimental group will be asked whether they would like to use the SG application again.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 38224569Kilic U, Tural Buyuk E. The Effect of Using Virtual Reality During Burn Dressing on Pain, Anxiety and Fear Felt in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Burn Care Res. 2024 Aug 6;45(4):949-957. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irae005.
- Background: PubMed 37970711Gould LJ, Alderden J, Aslam R, Barbul A, Bogie KM, El Masry M, Graves LY, White-Chu EF, Ahmed A, Boanca K, Brash J, Brooks KR, Cockron W, Kennerly SM, Livingston AK, Page J, Stephens C, West V, Yap TL. WHS guidelines for the treatment of pressure ulcers-2023 update. Wound Repair Regen. 2024 Jan-Feb;32(1):6-33. doi: 10.1111/wrr.13130. Epub 2023 Dec 20.
- Background: PubMed 32167820Gefen A, Alves P, Ciprandi G, Coyer F, Milne C, Ousey K, Ohura N, Waters N, Worsley P, Black J, Barakat-Johnson M, Beeckman D, Fletcher J, Kirkland-Kyhn H, Lahmann NA, Moore Z, Payan Y, Schluer AB. An international consensus on device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. Br J Nurs. 2020 Mar 12;29(5):S36-S38. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.S36.
- Background: PubMed 28893459Fearns N, Heller-Murphy S, Kelly J, Harbour J. Placing the patient at the centre of chronic wound care: A qualitative evidence synthesis. J Tissue Viability. 2017 Nov;26(4):254-259. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
- Background: PubMed 27749790Edsberg LE, Black JM, Goldberg M, McNichol L, Moore L, Sieggreen M. Revised National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Injury Staging System: Revised Pressure Injury Staging System. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2016 Nov/Dec;43(6):585-597. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000281.
- Background: PubMed 30817187Dowsett C. T.I.M.E. to improve patient outcomes: use of a clinical decision support tool to optimise wound care. Br J Community Nurs. 2019 Mar 1;24(Sup3):S6-S11. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.Sup3.S6.
- Background: PubMed 23375662Coleman S, Gorecki C, Nelson EA, Closs SJ, Defloor T, Halfens R, Farrin A, Brown J, Schoonhoven L, Nixon J. Patient risk factors for pressure ulcer development: systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013 Jul;50(7):974-1003. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.019. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
- Background: PubMed 32720308Chuan A, Zhou JJ, Hou RM, Stevens CJ, Bogdanovych A. Virtual reality for acute and chronic pain management in adult patients: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):695-704. doi: 10.1111/anae.15202. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
- Background: PubMed 36834197Choi T, Heo S, Choi W, Lee S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Therapy on Reducing the Degree of Pain Experienced by Individuals with Low Back Pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 16;20(4):3502. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043502.
- Background: PubMed 29392094Boyko TV, Longaker MT, Yang GP. Review of the Current Management of Pressure Ulcers. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2018 Feb 1;7(2):57-67. doi: 10.1089/wound.2016.0697.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Results regarding the effects of VR use on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during dressing of patients with pressure ulcers will be shared. However, your personal information will not be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Derya GEZER, Asisstant Professor principal investigator
Tarsus University
Esma Gökçe, Asisstant Professor study director
Toros University
Dudu Alptekin, Dr principal investigator
Cukurova University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing virtual reality application in people with Pressure Wounds, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain assessment (time frame: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07114003, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Sep 2026.