Digital AddictionNCT07123194
The Effect of Art-Based Nursing Intervention Helping to Develop Healthy Digital Habits on Digital Addiction, Cyberbullying and Self-Efficacy in Adolescents
A study testing An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits in people with Digital Addiction and Art Therapy, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In today's world where digital technologies are integrated into every aspect of life, adolescents' unhealthy and uncontrolled use of digital media causes important psychosocial problems such as digital addiction and cyberbullying. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 11 to 15 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Digital Addiction, Art Therapy, Cyberbullying
- What is being tested?
- An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 6 Oct 2025to 31 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 11 to 15 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Being a 6th-grade middle school student,
- The student and their parent must provide written consent to participate in the study,
- Understanding and speaking Turkish at a level sufficient to complete the data forms and participate in the sessions.
Who cannot join
- Having participated in a similar program within the last 6 months,
- Having a serious psychiatric diagnosis or physical disability that prevents participation in art activities.
- Not attending any two sessions,
- Requesting to leave the sessions,
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Yasar Dogu Middle School
Konya, Karatay, 42100
Esra Ünal Çelik, Research Assitant, +905072936991, uesra70@gmail.com
About this study
In today's world where digital technologies are integrated into every aspect of life, adolescents' unhealthy and uncontrolled use of digital media causes important psychosocial problems such as digital addiction and cyberbullying. This research aims to examine the effects of an art-based nursing intervention program in order to help adolescents born into the digital world gain healthy digital habits. The art-based nursing intervention program that helps gain healthy digital habits aims to increase adolescents' expressive expression skills, develop their skills in coping with challenging situations in the digital environment and strengthen their self-efficacy levels through creative art activities. The research is a randomized controlled trial designed as an experimental type, pre-test-post-test design. The research will be carried out in Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Secondary School in Karatay district of Konya province. The sample group was determined as a total of 64 adolescents, 32 intervention and 32 control. Adolescents will be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The pre-test data of the intervention and control groups were collected before the program started; The post-test data will be collected face-to-face by the researcher after the program is completed using the Personal Information Form, Digital Addiction Scale for Children, Revised Cyberbullying Scale (YSZE-II) and Self-Efficacy Scale for Children. It is expected that the digital addiction and cyberbullying levels of adolescents who are applied the art-based nursing intervention program that helps them gain healthy digital habits will be lower than the control group, and their self-efficacy levels will be higher than the control group. It is anticipated that the findings to be obtained as a result of the research will enable the development of creative and holistic intervention approaches that will increase the functionality of school health nurses against the risks posed by the digital age on young people. It is also thought that it can provide an evidence-based basis for the usability of art-based interdisciplinary practices in the field.
Read the detailed description
The rapid development of twenty-first-century technology and the integration of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, or desktop computers into daily life are leading to radical changes in individuals' lifestyles, and this has brought to the fore the concept of digital addiction, which is considered a significant public health problem. Digital addiction is not yet included in an official psychiatric diagnostic category according to the DSM-V or DSM-IV TR. However, within the relevant literature, digital addiction is defined as the compulsive and uncontrolled use of technological devices and is therefore considered under the umbrella of behavioral addictions. Furthermore, it has been noted that, just like behavioral addictions, digital addiction causes various psychosocial problems in the individual. In this context, nursing interventions aimed at reducing the risk of digital addiction and strengthening public mental health are considered to be of increasing importance. The new world order is making technology a necessity, not a choice, for individuals. It is also noted that familiarity with digital tools is a significant factor influencing digital addiction. In this regard, it is frequently stated in many studies on the subject that adolescents, born in an era when digital tools are widely used, who can use technological devices with natural competence and are referred to as "digital natives," are a vulnerable group for digital addiction. For example, according to the Turkish Statistical Institute's Children's Information Technology Use Survey, 91.3% of children aged 6-15 actively use the internet, and 76.1% of this age group own a personal mobile phone. The same study also reports that the proportion of children who use at least one information technology product for their own use is 63.8%. Other studies on the subject emphasize that digital addiction and its subtypes lead to many negative biopsychosocial consequences on adolescent health, such as vision loss, obesity, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and poor communication skills. Furthermore, existing literature highlights a significant relationship between digital addiction and cyberbullying. These data demonstrate that digital devices are an indispensable part of daily life among adolescents, and digital addiction should be considered a significant risk factor threatening adolescent mental health. Therefore, nursing approaches to combating digital addiction specific to adolescence are of great importance in terms of instilling healthy digital habits and creating a safe environment in the digital world. Approaches such as psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy have been primarily preferred in combating digital addiction. In fact, studies on the subject frequently use terms such as problematic internet use or internet or technology addiction instead of digital addiction. However, these traditional approaches may be insufficient to achieve behavioral change in individuals. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of arts-based nursing interventions that incorporate more holistic, expressive, and creative processes for digital addiction, which is considered a multifaceted problem. At this point, art therapy offers the opportunity to reveal emotions, explore the inner world, and increase self-efficacy without the need for verbal expression. It is anticipated that art therapy can contribute to the development of healthy digital habits by reducing excessive use of digital technology in adolescents and can be an alternative area of interest for a more productive use of free time. A review of national and international literature reveals that art therapy or art-based approaches applied to adolescents: Although positive effects have been observed on psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, internet, smartphone or game addiction, no studies have been found on how it can have a direct effect on digital addiction. Also, see. Digital addiction, like other types of addiction, cannot be resolved with a "zero use" approach; in this increasingly digital world, completely removing adolescents from technological devices is both impossible and detaches them from the demands of the age. Based on this, we believe that supporting adolescents' healthy use of digital devices should be the primary goal. In this context, this original research aims to fill the gap in the literature by examining the effects of an arts-based nursing intervention that helps develop healthy digital habits on digital addiction, cyberbullying, and self-efficacy in adolescents. Based on the findings of this study, it is anticipated that individual self-efficacy can be strengthened through arts-based approaches in combating digital addiction, a new generation of behavioral addictions. Furthermore, arts-based interventions are expected to provide a scientific basis for school health services, adolescent mental health programs, and nursing practices.
- Conditions
- Digital Addiction, Art Therapy, Cyberbullying, Self Efficacy, Adolescence
- Being tested
- An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits
- Keywords
- Art Therapy, Digital Addiction, Cyberbullying, Self-Efficacy, Adolescent
- Medical subject headings
- Cyberbullying
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital HabitsBehavioural
Session Time: Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program Sessions to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits Week 1, Session 1 - Introductions and Group Agreement Formation (60 minutes) Week 2, Session 2 - Where Am I in the Digital World? (60 minutes) Week 3, Session 3 - Digital Addiction: Are You Connected or Addicted? (90 minutes) Week 4, Session 4 - Digital Addiction and Its Effects (90 minutes) Week 5, Session 5 - Digital Danger: Cyberbullying (90 minutes) Week 6, Session 6 - Discovering Strengths: The Relationship Between Digital Addiction and Self-Efficacy (90 minutes) Week 7, Session 7 - Digital Detox and Alternatives (90 minutes) Week 8, Session 8 - Evaluation and Closing (90 minutes)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program | Experimental | An 8-week "Art-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Gain Healthy Digital Habits" will be implemented. Receives: Behavioral: An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits |
| Usual School Schedule (Control) | No intervention | No intervention will be applied to the control group. However, after the experimental group completes its interventions, the "Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits" will be applied to the control group at a timeframe deemed appropriate by school administrators and in a manner that will not disrupt students' classes. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Digital Addiction Level
Digital addiction will be measured using the 25-item self-report Digital Addiction Scale for Children, adapted into Turkish. It evaluates interpersonal relationships and internalized factors using a 5-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 25 to 125. Higher scores indicate a higher risk of digital addiction.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Cyberbullying and Victimization Levels
Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization will be assessed using the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory-II (RCBI-II). The tool consists of 20 items across two parallel forms (perpetrator and victim), using a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 1 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of cyberbullying behaviors or victimization.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Self-Efficacy Level
Self-efficacy will be measured using the 21-item Self-Efficacy Scale for Children. It consists of three subscales: academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy, with total scores ranging from 21 to 105. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Aug 2025
- Study start6 Oct 2025
- Primary completion6 Apr 2026
- Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Digital AddictionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This research is an experimental type, randomized controlled study designed in a pre-test post-test design.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Esra Unal Celik, Selcuk University
- Investigators
- Arzu Koçak Uyaroğlu, Associate Professor, Study director, Selcuk UniversityEsra Ünal Çelik, Research Assistant, Principal investigator, Selcuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07123194
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EUnal202575
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 31 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IPD Sharing Plan: No IPD Sharing Description: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical concerns and the involvement of a vulnerable population (adolescents). The study does not include prior consent for data sharing beyond the primary research team. IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Not applicable.
Publications
Schulz van Endert T. Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance. PLoS One. 2021 Jun 22;16(6):e0253058. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253058. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34157026Aziz N, Nordin MJ, Abdulkadir SJ, Salih MMM. Digital addiction: systematic review of computer game addiction impact on adolescent physical health. Electronics. 2021; 10(9): 996. doi:10.3390/electronics10090996
Gorowska M, Tokarska K, Zhou X, Gola MK, Li Y. Novel approaches for treating Internet Gaming Disorder: A review of technology-based interventions. Compr Psychiatry. 2022 May;115:152312. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152312. Epub 2022 Apr 3.
PubMed 35405548Zhang B, Wang J, Abdullah AB. The effects of art therapy interventions on anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2024 Jun 26;79:100404. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100404. eCollection 2024.
PubMed 38936289Blomdahl C, Goulias A. Art therapy for adolescents with depression: feasibility and acceptability study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Art Therapy. 2025; 42(1): 14-23.
Mittal S, Mahapatra M, Ansari SA. Effect of art therapy on adolescents' mental health. Российский Психологический Журнал. 2022; 19(4): 71-79.
Hylton E, Malley A, Ironson G. Improvements in adolescent mental health and positive affect using creative arts therapy after a school shooting: a pilot study. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2019; 65: 101586.
Yanık D, Arslan R. Efficacy of technology addiction awareness training given to high school students: randomized controlled experimental study. OPUS Journal of Society Research. 2023; 20(54): 518-528.
Uysal G, Balci S. Evaluation of a School-Based Program for Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Turkey. J Addict Nurs. 2018 Jan/Mar;29(1):43-49. doi: 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000211.
PubMed 29505460Agbaria Q. Cognitive behavioral intervention in dealing with Internet addiction among Arab teenagers in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022 Jan 20:1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11469-021-00733-6. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 35075353Ime Y, Akyıl Y, Caglar A. The examination of the relationships among digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety in adolescents. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology. 2024; 40(2): 236-241.
Cimke S, Gurkan DY, Sirganci G. Determination of the psychometric properties of the digital addiction scale for children. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023 Jul-Aug;71:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.03.004. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
PubMed 36947896Meng SQ, Cheng JL, Li YY, Yang XQ, Zheng JW, Chang XW, Shi Y, Chen Y, Lu L, Sun Y, Bao YP, Shi J. Global prevalence of digital addiction in general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2022 Mar;92:102128. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102128. Epub 2022 Jan 25.
PubMed 35150965Karabulut A. The effect of addiction education on digital addiction levels of university students. Journal of Medical Social Work. 2023; 21: 1-25.
Bagatarhan T, Siyez DM. The digital addiction scale for children: psychometric properties of the Turkish version. Curr Psychol. 2023 Apr 22:1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12144-023-04675-1. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 37359651
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Art-Based Nursing Intervention Helping to Develop Healthy Digital Habits on Digital Addiction, Cyberbullying and Self-Efficacy in Adolescents
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07123194
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EUnal202575
- Conditions
- Digital Addiction, Art Therapy, Cyberbullying, Self Efficacy, Adolescence
- Keywords
- Art Therapy, Digital Addiction, Cyberbullying, Self-Efficacy, Adolescent
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 6 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 14 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In today's world where digital technologies are integrated into every aspect of life, adolescents' unhealthy and uncontrolled use of digital media causes important psychosocial problems such as digital addiction and cyberbullying. This research aims to examine the effects of an art-based nursing intervention program in order to help adolescents born into the digital world gain healthy digital habits. The art-based nursing intervention program that helps gain healthy digital habits aims to increase adolescents' expressive expression skills, develop their skills in coping with challenging situations in the digital environment and strengthen their self-efficacy levels through creative art activities. The research is a randomized controlled trial designed as an experimental type, pre-test-post-test design. The research will be carried out in Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Secondary School in Karatay district of Konya province. The sample group was determined as a total of 64 adolescents, 32 intervention and 32 control. Adolescents will be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The pre-test data of the intervention and control groups were collected before the program started; The post-test data will be collected face-to-face by the researcher after the program is completed using the Personal Information Form, Digital Addiction Scale for Children, Revised Cyberbullying Scale (YSZE-II) and Self-Efficacy Scale for Children. It is expected that the digital addiction and cyberbullying levels of adolescents who are applied the art-based nursing intervention program that helps them gain healthy digital habits will be lower than the control group, and their self-efficacy levels will be higher than the control group. It is anticipated that the findings to be obtained as a result of the research will enable the development of creative and holistic intervention approaches that will increase the functionality of school health nurses against the risks posed by the digital age on young people. It is also thought that it can provide an evidence-based basis for the usability of art-based interdisciplinary practices in the field.
Detailed description
The rapid development of twenty-first-century technology and the integration of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, or desktop computers into daily life are leading to radical changes in individuals' lifestyles, and this has brought to the fore the concept of digital addiction, which is considered a significant public health problem. Digital addiction is not yet included in an official psychiatric diagnostic category according to the DSM-V or DSM-IV TR. However, within the relevant literature, digital addiction is defined as the compulsive and uncontrolled use of technological devices and is therefore considered under the umbrella of behavioral addictions. Furthermore, it has been noted that, just like behavioral addictions, digital addiction causes various psychosocial problems in the individual. In this context, nursing interventions aimed at reducing the risk of digital addiction and strengthening public mental health are considered to be of increasing importance. The new world order is making technology a necessity, not a choice, for individuals. It is also noted that familiarity with digital tools is a significant factor influencing digital addiction. In this regard, it is frequently stated in many studies on the subject that adolescents, born in an era when digital tools are widely used, who can use technological devices with natural competence and are referred to as "digital natives," are a vulnerable group for digital addiction. For example, according to the Turkish Statistical Institute's Children's Information Technology Use Survey, 91.3% of children aged 6-15 actively use the internet, and 76.1% of this age group own a personal mobile phone. The same study also reports that the proportion of children who use at least one information technology product for their own use is 63.8%. Other studies on the subject emphasize that digital addiction and its subtypes lead to many negative biopsychosocial consequences on adolescent health, such as vision loss, obesity, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and poor communication skills. Furthermore, existing literature highlights a significant relationship between digital addiction and cyberbullying. These data demonstrate that digital devices are an indispensable part of daily life among adolescents, and digital addiction should be considered a significant risk factor threatening adolescent mental health. Therefore, nursing approaches to combating digital addiction specific to adolescence are of great importance in terms of instilling healthy digital habits and creating a safe environment in the digital world. Approaches such as psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy have been primarily preferred in combating digital addiction. In fact, studies on the subject frequently use terms such as problematic internet use or internet or technology addiction instead of digital addiction. However, these traditional approaches may be insufficient to achieve behavioral change in individuals. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of arts-based nursing interventions that incorporate more holistic, expressive, and creative processes for digital addiction, which is considered a multifaceted problem. At this point, art therapy offers the opportunity to reveal emotions, explore the inner world, and increase self-efficacy without the need for verbal expression. It is anticipated that art therapy can contribute to the development of healthy digital habits by reducing excessive use of digital technology in adolescents and can be an alternative area of interest for a more productive use of free time. A review of national and international literature reveals that art therapy or art-based approaches applied to adolescents: Although positive effects have been observed on psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, internet, smartphone or game addiction, no studies have been found on how it can have a direct effect on digital addiction. Also, see. Digital addiction, like other types of addiction, cannot be resolved with a "zero use" approach; in this increasingly digital world, completely removing adolescents from technological devices is both impossible and detaches them from the demands of the age. Based on this, we believe that supporting adolescents' healthy use of digital devices should be the primary goal. In this context, this original research aims to fill the gap in the literature by examining the effects of an arts-based nursing intervention that helps develop healthy digital habits on digital addiction, cyberbullying, and self-efficacy in adolescents. Based on the findings of this study, it is anticipated that individual self-efficacy can be strengthened through arts-based approaches in combating digital addiction, a new generation of behavioral addictions. Furthermore, arts-based interventions are expected to provide a scientific basis for school health services, adolescent mental health programs, and nursing practices.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This research is an experimental type, randomized controlled study designed in a pre-test post-test design.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program | Experimental | Behavioral: An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital HabitsAn 8-week "Art-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Gain Healthy Digital Habits" will be implemented. |
| Usual School Schedule (Control) | No intervention | –No intervention will be applied to the control group. However, after the experimental group completes its interventions, the "Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits" will be applied to the control group at a timeframe deemed appropriate by school administrators and in a manner that will not disrupt students' classes. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 11 to 15 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being a 6th-grade middle school student,
- The student and their parent must provide written consent to participate in the study,
- Understanding and speaking Turkish at a level sufficient to complete the data forms and participate in the sessions.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Having participated in a similar program within the last 6 months,
- Having a serious psychiatric diagnosis or physical disability that prevents participation in art activities.
- Not attending any two sessions,
- Requesting to leave the sessions,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital HabitsSession Time: Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program Sessions to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits Week 1, Session 1 - Introductions and Group Agreement Formation (60 minutes) Week 2, Session 2 - Where Am I in the Digital World? (60 minutes) Week 3, Session 3 - Digital Addiction: Are You Connected or Addicted? (90 minutes) Week 4, Session 4 - Digital Addiction and Its Effects (90 minutes) Week 5, Session 5 - Digital Danger: Cyberbullying (90 minutes) Week 6, Session 6 - Discovering Strengths: The Relationship Between Digital Addiction and Self-Efficacy (90 minutes) Week 7, Session 7 - Digital Detox and Alternatives (90 minutes) Week 8, Session 8 - Evaluation and Closing (90 minutes) | Behavioural | Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program |
Primary outcome
Digital Addiction Level
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Digital addiction will be measured using the 25-item self-report Digital Addiction Scale for Children, adapted into Turkish. It evaluates interpersonal relationships and internalized factors using a 5-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 25 to 125. Higher scores indicate a higher risk of digital addiction.
Cyberbullying and Victimization Levels
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization will be assessed using the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory-II (RCBI-II). The tool consists of 20 items across two parallel forms (perpetrator and victim), using a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 1 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of cyberbullying behaviors or victimization.
Self-Efficacy Level
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention
Self-efficacy will be measured using the 21-item Self-Efficacy Scale for Children. It consists of three subscales: academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy, with total scores ranging from 21 to 105. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Apr 2026.
- Background: PubMed 34157026Schulz van Endert T. Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance. PLoS One. 2021 Jun 22;16(6):e0253058. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253058. eCollection 2021.
- BackgroundAziz N, Nordin MJ, Abdulkadir SJ, Salih MMM. Digital addiction: systematic review of computer game addiction impact on adolescent physical health. Electronics. 2021; 10(9): 996. doi:10.3390/electronics10090996
- Background: PubMed 35405548Gorowska M, Tokarska K, Zhou X, Gola MK, Li Y. Novel approaches for treating Internet Gaming Disorder: A review of technology-based interventions. Compr Psychiatry. 2022 May;115:152312. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152312. Epub 2022 Apr 3.
- Background: PubMed 38936289Zhang B, Wang J, Abdullah AB. The effects of art therapy interventions on anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2024 Jun 26;79:100404. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100404. eCollection 2024.
- BackgroundBlomdahl C, Goulias A. Art therapy for adolescents with depression: feasibility and acceptability study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Art Therapy. 2025; 42(1): 14-23.
- BackgroundMittal S, Mahapatra M, Ansari SA. Effect of art therapy on adolescents' mental health. Российский Психологический Журнал. 2022; 19(4): 71-79.
- BackgroundHylton E, Malley A, Ironson G. Improvements in adolescent mental health and positive affect using creative arts therapy after a school shooting: a pilot study. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2019; 65: 101586.
- BackgroundYanık D, Arslan R. Efficacy of technology addiction awareness training given to high school students: randomized controlled experimental study. OPUS Journal of Society Research. 2023; 20(54): 518-528.
- Background: PubMed 29505460Uysal G, Balci S. Evaluation of a School-Based Program for Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Turkey. J Addict Nurs. 2018 Jan/Mar;29(1):43-49. doi: 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000211.
- Background: PubMed 35075353Agbaria Q. Cognitive behavioral intervention in dealing with Internet addiction among Arab teenagers in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022 Jan 20:1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11469-021-00733-6. Online ahead of print.
- BackgroundIme Y, Akyıl Y, Caglar A. The examination of the relationships among digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety in adolescents. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology. 2024; 40(2): 236-241.
- Background: PubMed 36947896Cimke S, Gurkan DY, Sirganci G. Determination of the psychometric properties of the digital addiction scale for children. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023 Jul-Aug;71:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.03.004. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
- Turkish Statistical Institute. (2024). Survey on information and communication technology usage in children. Retrieved April 29, 2025.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IPD Sharing Plan: No IPD Sharing Description: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical concerns and the involvement of a vulnerable population (adolescents). The study does not include prior consent for data sharing beyond the primary research team. IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Not applicable.
Related trials for Digital Addiction
Recruiting
Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Gambling Disorder
Gambling Disorder, Gambling
Not yet recruitingPhase 1/2
Medically Supervised Ibogaine With 12-Month Digital Recovery Support for Opioid Use Disorder
Opioid Use Disorder, Opioid Withdrawal
Recruiting
Development and Investigation of the ApneaTheraPlay
Apnea, Obstructive, Exercise Addiction
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
Digital Treatment for Chronic Pain and Addiction in Veterans With Opioid Use Disorder Receiving Buprenorphine
Opioid Use Disorder, Chronic Pain
Recruiting
Personalized Addiction Treatment enHancement
Opioid Use Disorder, mHealth
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Arzu Koçak Uyaroğlu, Associate Professor study director
Selcuk University
Esra Ünal Çelik, Research Assistant principal investigator
Selcuk University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing An Arts-Based Nursing Intervention Program to Help Develop Healthy Digital Habits in people with Digital Addiction and Art Therapy, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Esra Ünal Çelik, Research Assistant (+905072936991, uesra70@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Digital Addiction Level (time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and immediately after the 8-week intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07123194, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Apr 2026.