Privacy EducationNCT07123831
The Effect of Privacy Education With Virtual Reality Application on Children's Privacy Awareness and Saying No Skills
A study testing virtual reality supported privacy education in people with Privacy Education, run by Yuzuncu Yil University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based privacy education on 4th grade students' privacy awareness (PA) and ability to say no (SN) levels. The study was conducted in a primary school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in a province in the Eastern Anatolia Region… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Privacy Education
- What is being tested?
- virtual reality supported privacy education
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 97 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 19 Nov 2024to 30 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 12 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Inclusion Criteria:The student verbally expresses his/her willingness to participate,
- Parent's approval of the informed consent form,
- Being in the fourth grade at primary school level,
- The inclusion criteria were that the student was open to communication and did not have any psychological or chronic health problems.
Exclusion Criteria:Those who do not want to participate in the research and those who want to withdraw during the research process
- Incomplete completion of the scale or questionnaire
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
A primary school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Van province
Van, Tuşba, 65030
About this study
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based privacy education on 4th grade students' privacy awareness (PA) and ability to say no (SN) levels. The study was conducted in a primary school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in a province in the Eastern Anatolia Region between November 2024 and May 2025 with a pretest/posttest control group. The population of the study consists of 4th grade students studying in primary schools in the province. The school where the data were collected was determined by lottery method among the schools that met the sample size.In the G*Power analysis, it was calculated that 88 students would be sufficient, but the study was completed by including 97 students. The experimental (S=46) and control groups (S=51) were determined by lottery. Students in the experimental group were given privacy training using Peeq SC-AI05 virtual reality (VR) goggles. Child Descriptive Information Form, Privacy Awareness Scale for Primary School Students (PAS) and Ability to Say No Scale for Children (NS) were used as data collection tools.Data were analyzed with SPSS V26 program. Ethical principles were adhered to during the research process.
- Conditions
- Privacy Education
- Being tested
- virtual reality supported privacy education
- Keywords
- Children, Privacy, Saying No, Privacy Education, VR
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
virtual reality supported privacy educationOther
The experimental group was shown a video with virtual reality application for 15 minutes in an empty classroom environment determined in the primary school at a time and in a way that would not disrupt the lessons. Then, verbal expression, question-answer and feedback were given for 10 minutes. After this training session, the experimental group was repeated twice with virtual reality goggles at two-week intervals and their questions were answered. No intervention was made to the students in the control group. At the end of the sixth week, the researcher administered post-tests to each student in the experimental and control groups.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| No Intervention Group | No intervention | no intervention in the control group |
| VR-Based Privacy Education | Experimental | the experimental group was provided with virtual reality glasses supported privacy training Receives: Other: virtual reality supported privacy education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Privacy Consciousness Scale for Elementary School Students
The scale consists of 16 items and 4 factors. These factors are named as "Personal Security ", "Sharing Personal Information", "Social Media Privacy" and "Parental Control". Students were asked to answer the statements in the items with a 3-point Likert scale as "disagree", 'undecided' and "agree". The scale will be scored as 1 point for each disagree response, 2 points for an undecided response and 3 points for an agree response. The score that can be obtained from the scale varies between 16 and 48 points. Higher scores indicate higher privacy awareness. There are 2 reverse items in the scale. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the Privacy Consciousness Scale for Elementary School Students was reported to be .86.
Measured: 20weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
The Ability to Say "No" Scale for Children
The scale aims to measure the ability of 4th grade primary school students to say "no". This scale consists of the refusal subscale and the resistance subscale. The refusal and resistance sub-dimensions of the scale consist of 6 items each. refusal subscale includes items to measure whether students can say "no" in the face of demands, reactions and behaviors that they do not like or find unreliable. On the other hand, the resistance subscale includes items to determine whether students step back in the face of the motivational efforts they may encounter with the emotions they experience after saying "no". The students were asked to answer the statements contained in the items on a 5-point Likert scale as "never", "rarely", 'sometimes', "most of the time" and "always". In the evaluation of the scores obtained from the SN, the coding for the refusal dimension is scored as it is, while the coding for the resistance dimension is scored in reverse.
Measured: 20weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Aug 2025
- Study start19 Nov 2024
- Primary completion31 Mar 2025
- Study completion30 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Privacy EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 97 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yuzuncu Yil University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ayşe Deniz, Yuzuncu Yil University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07123831
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024\07-39
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 19 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 14 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Privacy Education With Virtual Reality Application on Children's Privacy Awareness and Saying No Skills
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07123831
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024\07-39
- Conditions
- Privacy Education
- Keywords
- Children, Privacy, Saying No, Privacy Education, VR
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 97 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yuzuncu Yil UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 19 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based privacy education on 4th grade students' privacy awareness (PA) and ability to say no (SN) levels. The study was conducted in a primary school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in a province in the Eastern Anatolia Region between November 2024 and May 2025 with a pretest/posttest control group. The population of the study consists of 4th grade students studying in primary schools in the province. The school where the data were collected was determined by lottery method among the schools that met the sample size.In the G*Power analysis, it was calculated that 88 students would be sufficient, but the study was completed by including 97 students. The experimental (S=46) and control groups (S=51) were determined by lottery. Students in the experimental group were given privacy training using Peeq SC-AI05 virtual reality (VR) goggles. Child Descriptive Information Form, Privacy Awareness Scale for Primary School Students (PAS) and Ability to Say No Scale for Children (NS) were used as data collection tools.Data were analyzed with SPSS V26 program. Ethical principles were adhered to during the research process.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| No Intervention Group | No intervention | –no intervention in the control group |
| VR-Based Privacy Education | Experimental | Other: virtual reality supported privacy educationthe experimental group was provided with virtual reality glasses supported privacy training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| virtual reality supported privacy educationThe experimental group was shown a video with virtual reality application for 15 minutes in an empty classroom environment determined in the primary school at a time and in a way that would not disrupt the lessons. Then, verbal expression, question-answer and feedback were given for 10 minutes. After this training session, the experimental group was repeated twice with virtual reality goggles at two-week intervals and their questions were answered. No intervention was made to the students in the control group. At the end of the sixth week, the researcher administered post-tests to each student in the experimental and control groups. | Other | VR-Based Privacy Education |
Primary outcome
Privacy Consciousness Scale for Elementary School Students
Time frame: 20weeks
The scale consists of 16 items and 4 factors. These factors are named as "Personal Security ", "Sharing Personal Information", "Social Media Privacy" and "Parental Control". Students were asked to answer the statements in the items with a 3-point Likert scale as "disagree", 'undecided' and "agree". The scale will be scored as 1 point for each disagree response, 2 points for an undecided response and 3 points for an agree response. The score that can be obtained from the scale varies between 16 and 48 points. Higher scores indicate higher privacy awareness. There are 2 reverse items in the scale. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the Privacy Consciousness Scale for Elementary School Students was reported to be .86.
1 secondary outcome
The Ability to Say "No" Scale for Children
Time frame: 20weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Aug 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing virtual reality supported privacy education in people with Privacy Education, run by Yuzuncu Yil University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Privacy Consciousness Scale for Elementary School Students (time frame: 20weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Aug 2025.