Pain ManagementFLIPNURSENCT07129044
The Effect of the Flipped Classroom Model on Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge and Learning Motivation of Nursing Students
A study testing Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management and Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management in people with Pain Management, run by Mustafa Belli at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of the flipped classroom model on pediatric pain management knowledge and learning motivation among nursing students. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain Management
- What is being tested?
- Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management and Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2022to 15 Aug 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being enrolled in the "Child Health and Diseases Nursing" course for the first time
- Having access to the Internet and a computer or smartphone
- Agreeing to attend synchronous sessions via Google Classroom
- Volunteering to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Having previously received any education on pediatric pain management
- Withdrawing consent at any point during the study
- Failing to complete the pre-test, post-test, or three-month follow-up assessment (e.g., missing a measurement session due to internet connectivity issues)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Health Sciences
Burdur, 15100
About this study
Official title: The Effect of the Flipped Classroom Model on Nursing Students' Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge and Learning Motivation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of the flipped classroom model on pediatric pain management knowledge and learning motivation among nursing students. A total of 84 third-year nursing students from a public university in Turkey were randomly assigned to intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups. The intervention group received education using the flipped classroom model, while the control group followed a self-directed learning approach.
Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention (pre-test), one month after the intervention (post-test), and three months after the intervention (follow-up test). The Pediatric Pain Knowledge Test and the Motivation Scale Towards Learning were used to assess outcomes.
Read more
At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups. Post-test and follow-up results showed that the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant and sustained increase in both pediatric pain knowledge and learning motivation scores (p<0.001), while the control group showed no meaningful change.
These findings support the flipped classroom model as an effective and sustainable teaching strategy in nursing education, particularly for improving knowledge and motivation in pediatric pain management.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in enhancing nursing students' pediatric pain management knowledge and learning motivation. The study was conducted at a public university in Turkey with 84 third-year undergraduate nursing students during the 2022-2023 academic year.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 42) or the control group (n = 42) using a computer-generated randomization list. The intervention group received the flipped classroom approach, which included:
Access to a specially designed online learning platform with educational videos and reading materials uploaded one week prior to the face-to-face sessions,
A face-to-face session focusing on discussion, case-based learning, and peer interaction led by the researcher,
Learning materials developed based on the "Pediatric Pain Management" content defined in the national nursing education curriculum and international guidelines.
The control group engaged in self-directed learning by studying the same written materials independently without structured guidance or interaction.
Data were collected at three time points:
Pre-test (baseline) before the intervention,
Post-test immediately after the intervention (1 month later),
Follow-up (retention test) three months after the intervention.
Two validated instruments were used:
Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PNKAS) adapted for nursing students to measure knowledge,
Motivation to Learn Scale to assess students' learning motivation.
A two-way mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of the intervention across time and between groups. At baseline, no significant differences were found between groups in either knowledge or motivation scores. However, after the intervention, the intervention group showed statistically significant and sustained improvements in both variables, whereas the control group did not exhibit notable changes.
The findings support the use of the flipped classroom approach as an effective and sustainable educational strategy in nursing education, particularly in areas requiring complex knowledge and critical thinking such as pediatric pain management. Integration of this model into nursing curricula may enhance both cognitive outcomes and motivation to learn.
- Conditions
- Pain Management
- Being tested
- Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management, Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management
- Keywords
- Pediatric pain management, Flipped classroom, Nursing students, Learning motivation, Randomized controlled trial
- Medical subject headings
- Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain ManagementBehavioural
Participants in this group received pediatric pain management training designed to increase nursing students' knowledge and motivation. The training was delivered using a flipped classroom model over 4 weeks. Students were provided with pre-class educational materials, including video lectures, readings, and lecture notes. In-class sessions included interactive activities, discussions, case-based learning, and problem-solving exercises. Content was based on current pediatric pain management guidelines and adapted to nursing education standards.
Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain ManagementBehavioural
Participants in this group received pediatric pain management training designed to increase nursing students' knowledge and motivation. Students were provided with the same pre-class educational materials as the intervention group, including video lectures, readings, and lecture notes, for self-study without any interactive activities or instructor-led sessions. Content was based on current pediatric pain management guidelines and adapted to nursing education standards.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management | Experimental | Participants in this group received pediatric pain management training through a flipped classroom model for 4 weeks. Training videos and readings were provided in advance and in-class sessions included interactive activities, discussions, and case-based learning. Receives: Behavioral: Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management |
| Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management | Active comparator | Participants in this group received the same pediatric pain management materials as the intervention group (lecture notes, readings, and video lectures) for self-study without any interactive activities or instructor-led sessions. Receives: Behavioral: Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Score
The Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Scale, developed by Aydın \& Bektaş (2021), measures nursing students' knowledge of pediatric pain. It consists of 29 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, covering six sub-dimensions: pain awareness (6 items), pain physiopathology (4), barriers to pain management (11), pain diagnosis (2), pain assessment (2), and pain control (4). Items 3, 6, 8, 10-15, 17, and 21 are reverse coded. Scores range from 29 to 145; higher scores indicate greater knowledge. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was 0.845.
Measured: Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Motivation Level Toward Instructional Materials
The Motivation Questionnaire for Instructional Materials (MMIM), developed by Keller (2006) and adapted into Turkish by Kutu \& Sözbilir (2011), measures students' motivation toward instructional materials. It has 24 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with two dimensions: attention-relevance (items 1-11) and confidence-satisfaction (items 12-24). Items 3, 12, 14, 16, and 18 are reverse coded. Scores range from 24 to 120; higher scores indicate higher motivation. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 in the original study and 0.789 in this study.
Measured: Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2025
- Study start1 Feb 2022
- Primary completion20 Jul 2022
- Study completion15 Aug 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (34)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pain ManagementStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving flipped classroom-based pediatric pain management training or the control group receiving self-directed learning. The intervention lasted four weeks, and data were collected at three time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test (immediately after the intervention), and follow-up (three months later).
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Mustafa Belli
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Mustafa Belli, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07129044
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ErsoyU-Belli-FC2022
- Other IDs
- 1070
- Acronym
- FLIPNURSE
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared because participants did not provide consent for external data sharing and the study materials are governed by institutional privacy regulations. Data will remain accessible only to the study team
Publications
Ekim A, Ocakci AF. Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management of pediatric nurses in Turkey. Pain Manag Nurs. 2013 Dec;14(4):e262-e267. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
PubMed 24315279Martin F, Sun T, Westine CD. A systematic review of research on online teaching and learning from 2009 to 2018. Comput Educ. 2020 Dec;159:104009. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104009. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
PubMed 32921895Paralikar S, Shah CJ, Joshi A, Kathrotia R. Acquisition of Higher-Order Cognitive Skills (HOCS) Using the Flipped Classroom Model: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Cureus. 2022 Apr 18;14(4):e24249. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24249. eCollection 2022 Apr.
PubMed 35602838Zhang D, Huang A, Lei Y, Liu H, Yang L, Wang C, Yuan T, Li X, Zhang L, Shang W. Nursing students' experiences and perceptions regarding in-class flipped classroom: a mixed-methods study. BMC Med Educ. 2025 May 8;25(1):675. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07248-x.
PubMed 40340719Yuan L. Effect of Educational Interventions for Improving the Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pediatric Pain Management: A Aystematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Manag Nurs. 2024 Aug;25(4):e271-e278. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.005. Epub 2024 May 3.
PubMed 38702258Xu P, Chen Y, Nie W, Wang Y, Song T, Li H, Li J, Yi J, Zhao L. The effectiveness of a flipped classroom on the development of Chinese nursing students' skill competence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 Sep;80:67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
PubMed 31279251Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK566553/
PubMed 33433967Ulgen H, Tufekci FG. The Effect of Pain Management Education on Nurses' Pain Knowledge and Attitudes. Pain Manag Nurs. 2024 Jun;25(3):e186-e191. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2023.12.011. Epub 2024 Feb 10.
PubMed 38342705Ung A, Salamonson Y, Hu W, Gallego G. Assessing knowledge, perceptions and attitudes to pain management among medical and nursing students: a review of the literature. Br J Pain. 2016 Feb;10(1):8-21. doi: 10.1177/2049463715583142. Epub 2015 May 13.
PubMed 27551407Shi, X.-Y., Yin, Q., Wang, Q.-W., Lu, B.-R., Li, G.-X., Huang, S.-H., & Sun, Z.-G. (2025). Is the flipped classroom more effective than the traditional classroom in clinical medical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1485540. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1485540
Shanmugam SR, Alabdullah AAS, Alenezi MH, Aldughyshim SK, Alnemer MF, Almutairi WK, Alhadyan GS, Albugomi RZ, Alkhulayfi FA. Knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric pain management among nursing interns from a selected university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. PeerJ. 2025 Apr 21;13:e19288. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19288. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 40276299Atefeh S. Barriers and facilitators of pain management in children: a scoping review. BMC Anesthesiol. 2025 Apr 1;25(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-02941-2.
PubMed 40170135Shah P, Siu A. Considerations for neonatal and pediatric pain management. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019 Sep 16;76(19):1511-1520. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz166.
PubMed 31504147Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, Keefe FJ, Mogil JS, Ringkamp M, Sluka KA, Song XJ, Stevens B, Sullivan MD, Tutelman PR, Ushida T, Vader K. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):1976-1982. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939.
PubMed 32694387Merrou S, Baslam A, Idrissi Jouicha A, Ouhaz Z, El Adib AR. Blended learning and simulation in nursing education: A quasi-experimental study on a nursing institute. J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Sep 29;12:303. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_72_23. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 38023106
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of the Flipped Classroom Model on Nursing Students' Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge and Learning Motivation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07129044
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FLIPNURSE / ErsoyU-Belli-FC2022
- Conditions
- Pain Management
- Keywords
- Pediatric pain management, Flipped classroom, Nursing students, Learning motivation, Randomized controlled trial
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Mustafa BelliUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Aug 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of the flipped classroom model on pediatric pain management knowledge and learning motivation among nursing students. A total of 84 third-year nursing students from a public university in Turkey were randomly assigned to intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups. The intervention group received education using the flipped classroom model, while the control group followed a self-directed learning approach.
Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention (pre-test), one month after the intervention (post-test), and three months after the intervention (follow-up test). The Pediatric Pain Knowledge Test and the Motivation Scale Towards Learning were used to assess outcomes.
At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups. Post-test and follow-up results showed that the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant and sustained increase in both pediatric pain knowledge and learning motivation scores (p<0.001), while the control group showed no meaningful change.
These findings support the flipped classroom model as an effective and sustainable teaching strategy in nursing education, particularly for improving knowledge and motivation in pediatric pain management.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in enhancing nursing students' pediatric pain management knowledge and learning motivation. The study was conducted at a public university in Turkey with 84 third-year undergraduate nursing students during the 2022-2023 academic year.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 42) or the control group (n = 42) using a computer-generated randomization list. The intervention group received the flipped classroom approach, which included:
Access to a specially designed online learning platform with educational videos and reading materials uploaded one week prior to the face-to-face sessions,
A face-to-face session focusing on discussion, case-based learning, and peer interaction led by the researcher,
Learning materials developed based on the "Pediatric Pain Management" content defined in the national nursing education curriculum and international guidelines.
The control group engaged in self-directed learning by studying the same written materials independently without structured guidance or interaction.
Data were collected at three time points:
Pre-test (baseline) before the intervention,
Post-test immediately after the intervention (1 month later),
Follow-up (retention test) three months after the intervention.
Two validated instruments were used:
Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PNKAS) adapted for nursing students to measure knowledge,
Motivation to Learn Scale to assess students' learning motivation.
A two-way mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of the intervention across time and between groups. At baseline, no significant differences were found between groups in either knowledge or motivation scores. However, after the intervention, the intervention group showed statistically significant and sustained improvements in both variables, whereas the control group did not exhibit notable changes.
The findings support the use of the flipped classroom approach as an effective and sustainable educational strategy in nursing education, particularly in areas requiring complex knowledge and critical thinking such as pediatric pain management. Integration of this model into nursing curricula may enhance both cognitive outcomes and motivation to learn.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving flipped classroom-based pediatric pain management training or the control group receiving self-directed learning. The intervention lasted four weeks, and data were collected at three time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test (immediately after the intervention), and follow-up (three months later).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management | Experimental | Behavioral: Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain ManagementParticipants in this group received pediatric pain management training through a flipped classroom model for 4 weeks. Training videos and readings were provided in advance and in-class sessions included interactive activities, discussions, and case-based learning. |
| Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management | Active comparator | Behavioral: Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain ManagementParticipants in this group received the same pediatric pain management materials as the intervention group (lecture notes, readings, and video lectures) for self-study without any interactive activities or instructor-led sessions. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being enrolled in the "Child Health and Diseases Nursing" course for the first time
- Having access to the Internet and a computer or smartphone
- Agreeing to attend synchronous sessions via Google Classroom
- Volunteering to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having previously received any education on pediatric pain management
- Withdrawing consent at any point during the study
- Failing to complete the pre-test, post-test, or three-month follow-up assessment (e.g., missing a measurement session due to internet connectivity issues)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain ManagementParticipants in this group received pediatric pain management training designed to increase nursing students' knowledge and motivation. The training was delivered using a flipped classroom model over 4 weeks. Students were provided with pre-class educational materials, including video lectures, readings, and lecture notes. In-class sessions included interactive activities, discussions, case-based learning, and problem-solving exercises. Content was based on current pediatric pain management guidelines and adapted to nursing education standards. | Behavioural | Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management |
| Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain ManagementParticipants in this group received pediatric pain management training designed to increase nursing students' knowledge and motivation. Students were provided with the same pre-class educational materials as the intervention group, including video lectures, readings, and lecture notes, for self-study without any interactive activities or instructor-led sessions. Content was based on current pediatric pain management guidelines and adapted to nursing education standards. | Behavioural | Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management |
Primary outcome
Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Score
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)
The Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Scale, developed by Aydın \& Bektaş (2021), measures nursing students' knowledge of pediatric pain. It consists of 29 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, covering six sub-dimensions: pain awareness (6 items), pain physiopathology (4), barriers to pain management (11), pain diagnosis (2), pain assessment (2), and pain control (4). Items 3, 6, 8, 10-15, 17, and 21 are reverse coded. Scores range from 29 to 145; higher scores indicate greater knowledge. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was 0.845.
1 secondary outcome
Motivation Level Toward Instructional Materials
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 24315279Ekim A, Ocakci AF. Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management of pediatric nurses in Turkey. Pain Manag Nurs. 2013 Dec;14(4):e262-e267. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
- Results publication: PubMed 32921895Martin F, Sun T, Westine CD. A systematic review of research on online teaching and learning from 2009 to 2018. Comput Educ. 2020 Dec;159:104009. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104009. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 35602838Paralikar S, Shah CJ, Joshi A, Kathrotia R. Acquisition of Higher-Order Cognitive Skills (HOCS) Using the Flipped Classroom Model: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Cureus. 2022 Apr 18;14(4):e24249. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24249. eCollection 2022 Apr.
- Results publication: PubMed 40340719Zhang D, Huang A, Lei Y, Liu H, Yang L, Wang C, Yuan T, Li X, Zhang L, Shang W. Nursing students' experiences and perceptions regarding in-class flipped classroom: a mixed-methods study. BMC Med Educ. 2025 May 8;25(1):675. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07248-x.
- Results publication: PubMed 38702258Yuan L. Effect of Educational Interventions for Improving the Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pediatric Pain Management: A Aystematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Manag Nurs. 2024 Aug;25(4):e271-e278. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.005. Epub 2024 May 3.
- Results publication: PubMed 31279251Xu P, Chen Y, Nie W, Wang Y, Song T, Li H, Li J, Yi J, Zhao L. The effectiveness of a flipped classroom on the development of Chinese nursing students' skill competence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 Sep;80:67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
- Results publication: PubMed 33433967Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK566553/
- Results publication: PubMed 38342705Ulgen H, Tufekci FG. The Effect of Pain Management Education on Nurses' Pain Knowledge and Attitudes. Pain Manag Nurs. 2024 Jun;25(3):e186-e191. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2023.12.011. Epub 2024 Feb 10.
- Results publication: PubMed 27551407Ung A, Salamonson Y, Hu W, Gallego G. Assessing knowledge, perceptions and attitudes to pain management among medical and nursing students: a review of the literature. Br J Pain. 2016 Feb;10(1):8-21. doi: 10.1177/2049463715583142. Epub 2015 May 13.
- Results publicationShi, X.-Y., Yin, Q., Wang, Q.-W., Lu, B.-R., Li, G.-X., Huang, S.-H., & Sun, Z.-G. (2025). Is the flipped classroom more effective than the traditional classroom in clinical medical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1485540. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1485540
- Results publication: PubMed 40276299Shanmugam SR, Alabdullah AAS, Alenezi MH, Aldughyshim SK, Alnemer MF, Almutairi WK, Alhadyan GS, Albugomi RZ, Alkhulayfi FA. Knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric pain management among nursing interns from a selected university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. PeerJ. 2025 Apr 21;13:e19288. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19288. eCollection 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 40170135Atefeh S. Barriers and facilitators of pain management in children: a scoping review. BMC Anesthesiol. 2025 Apr 1;25(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-02941-2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared because participants did not provide consent for external data sharing and the study materials are governed by institutional privacy regulations. Data will remain accessible only to the study team
Related trials for Pain Management
RecruitingPhase 4
ESP Blocks for Posterior Spinal Fusion
Postoperative Pain
Not yet recruiting
Comparing Non-Medicine Strategies for Improving Low Back Pain
Chronic Low-back Pain (cLBP), High-Impact Chronic Pain (HICP)
Active, not recruiting
Efficacy of Laparoscopic-Assisted TAP Block in Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Appendectomy, Laparoscopic, Blockades Neuromuscular
Recruiting
Photobiomodulation for Management of Temporomandibular Disorder Pain
Pain Related to TMD
Recruiting
SIRI Levels Following PENG Block in Pediatric Hip Surgery
Hip Dysplasia
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Flipped Classroom Training on Pediatric Pain Management and Self-Directed Learning on Pediatric Pain Management in people with Pain Management, run by Mustafa Belli at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Score (time frame: Baseline (pre-test), 1 month after intervention (post-test), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07129044, which also lists 34 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2025.