Promoting Skin Cancer Protective BehaviorsNCT07139119
Educational Intervention on Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors Among Female Healthcare Workers
A study testing Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare Workers in people with Promoting Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors, run by Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences at 1 site in Iran.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to assess whether an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) can effectively improve skin cancer protective behaviors, knowledge, and related health beliefs among female healthcare workers in Ahvaz, Iran. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Promoting Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors
- What is being tested?
- Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare Workers
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 160 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIran
- Study dates
- 31 Dec 2022to 28 Dec 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Employment at Ahvaz healthcare centers,
- Absence of specific dermatological conditions,
- Provision of informed consent,
- Having a smartphone and knowing how to use it, and
- Non-participation in concurrent similar educational interventions.
Who cannot join
- Absence from more than two training sessions,
- Physical limitations preventing further participation,
- Incomplete or invalid questionnaire .
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Impact of a Health Belief Model-Based Educational Intervention on Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors Among Female Healthcare Workers
The goal of this clinical trial is to assess whether an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) can effectively improve skin cancer protective behaviors, knowledge, and related health beliefs among female healthcare workers in Ahvaz, Iran. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the HBM-based educational program increase participants' knowledge about skin cancer, its risk factors, and preventive measures?
- Does the intervention improve key HBM constructs such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action, leading to enhanced protective behaviors against skin cancer?
Read more
Researchers will compare an intervention group receiving a multicomponent educational program-including seven 45-minute sessions delivered both in-person and via WhatsApp-tailored to HBM constructs, with a comparison group receiving no intervention, to determine the intervention's effectiveness.
Participants will:
- Attend structured educational sessions covering skin cancer symptoms, risks, prevention strategies, behavioral barriers, motivation, and self-efficacy enhancement, using multimedia tools and group discussions
- Receive reminder messages and educational materials to facilitate behavior change
- Complete validated questionnaires assessing knowledge, HBM constructs, and protective behaviors before the intervention and two months afterwards
This study will evaluate if implementing a theory-driven, blended educational intervention can successfully promote protective behaviors and health beliefs related to skin cancer prevention among female healthcare workers.
Read the detailed description
This clinical trial study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in health centers of Ahvaz, Iran, to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in promoting skin cancer protective behaviors among female healthcare workers (HCWs). The study employed a two-group parallel design, randomly allocating 160 participants into an intervention group (n=54) and a comparison group (n=106). Eligible participants included female HCWs employed in the selected centers, with smartphone access and the ability to engage with digital educational content.
The educational program was developed according to HBM constructs, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The intervention consisted of seven 45-minute sessions delivered over two months using a blended approach combining in-person workshops and WhatsApp-based virtual education. Teaching methods included lectures, multimedia presentations, group discussions, motivational messaging, and reminder posters strategically placed in the workplace.
The content was tailored based on baseline knowledge and behavioral assessments. Early sessions addressed skin cancer symptoms, risk factors, and complications to raise awareness and perceived risk. Subsequent sessions emphasized the advantages of protective behaviors, addressed and sought to reduce perceived barriers, and incorporated stress management and motivational techniques to enhance self-efficacy.
Data collection employed a validated researcher-designed questionnaire covering demographic variables, knowledge about skin cancer, HBM constructs, and adherence to UV protective behaviors. Assessments were performed at baseline and two months post-intervention.
Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests for categorical variables, and independent and paired t-tests to compare continuous variables within and between groups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlled for confounding factors when evaluating intervention effects.
- Being tested
- Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare Workers
- Keywords
- Educational intervention, Health Belief Model, Cancer, Skin cancer, Healthcare Workers
- Medical subject headings
- Neoplasms, Skin Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare WorkersBehavioural
This blended educational intervention employs the Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote skin cancer preventive behaviors in female healthcare workers in Ahvaz, Iran. The 7-session program (each 45 minutes) combines in-person training with WhatsApp-based follow-ups.
Participant Components:
- Structured sessions targeting knowledge and HBM constructs such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action.
- Use of multimedia tools including videos, pamphlets, and interactive discussions.
- Motivational messaging, stress management clips, and role-modeling techniques to build self-efficacy.
- Visual cues such as posters placed in healthcare workplaces.
- Daily reminder messages to reinforce behavior change.
Unique aspects distinguishing this intervention include its specific tailoring for female healthcare workers in a high UV-exposure region, the combined digital and face-to-face delivery approach, and comprehensive focus on all HBM construc
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Intervention Group | Experimental | Female healthcare workers participated in a multilevel educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to enhance skin cancer protective behaviors. The program consisted of seven 45-minute sessions delivered both face-to-face and virtually via WhatsApp. The sessions focused on improving knowledge and modifying HBM construct. Educational materials included pamphlets, video clips, group discussions, and motivational messages. Reminders and posters were used in the workplace to reinforce learning and encourage sustained behavior change. Receives: Behavioral: Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare Workers |
| Arm 2: Control Group | No intervention | Participants in the control group did not receive any educational intervention during the study period. They continued with their usual work routine and standard health education programs available at their workplaces. Assessments of their knowledge, health beliefs, and protective behaviors related to skin cancer were conducted at baseline and two months later to serve as a comparison for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors
Skin cancer protective behaviors among female healthcare workers were assessed using a validated, researcher-developed questionnaire. The instrument included multiple items evaluating behaviors such as applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing (wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, gloves), and using sunglasses. Responses were measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("Never") to 5 ("Always"). Protective behaviors were expressed as the average score across items, with higher scores indicating more frequent and consistent engagement in skin cancer prevention practices.
Measured: Baseline (pre-intervention) and 2 months post-intervention.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Changes in Cognitive-Behavioral Constructs Related to Skin Cancer Prevention
This outcome assesses changes in Health Belief Model (HBM)-based constructs related to skin cancer prevention, including perceived susceptibility (5 items; score range: 5-25), perceived severity (6 items; score range: 6-30), perceived benefits (5 items; score range: 5-25), perceived barriers (6 items; score range: 6-30), cues to action (4 items; score range: 4-20), self-efficacy (7 items; score range: 7-35), and knowledge (15 items; score range: 0-15). All constructs except perceived barriers were scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "Strongly Agree" (score 5) to "Strongly Disagree" (score 1), where higher scores indicate more favorable outcomes such as greater perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Items related to perceived barriers were reverse scored, so that higher scores indicate fewer perceived barriers. These constructs were measured using validated, researcher-developed questionnaires at baseline and two months after the inte
Measured: Before and two months after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Aug 2025
- Study start31 Dec 2022
- Primary completion20 Oct 2023
- Study completion28 Dec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Promoting Skin Cancer Protective BehaviorsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study uses a parallel-group quasi-experimental design, where female healthcare workers are assigned to either an intervention group or a comparison group. Both groups were followed concurrently over a two-month period. The intervention group received a multicomponent blended educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), delivered through face-to-face sessions and WhatsApp messaging. The comparison group did not receive any educational intervention. Outcomes related to skin cancer knowledge, Health Belief Model constructs, and protective behaviors against ultraviolet radiation were measured and compared at baseline and two months post-intervention. This design allows a direct evaluation of the intervention's effectiveness compared to usual conditions without educational input.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Arash Salahshouri, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Investigators
- Arash Salahshouri, Ph.D., Principal investigator, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07139119
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IR.AJUMS.REC.1401.129
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Public release of these data is not part of the research plan. However, upon reasonable request from researchers, and with ethics committee approval and strict confidentiality maintained, participant data can be shared with researchers in a controlled and limited manner.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of a Health Belief Model-Based Educational Intervention on Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors Among Female Healthcare Workers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07139119
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IR.AJUMS.REC.1401.129
- Keywords
- Educational intervention, Health Belief Model, Cancer, Skin cancer, Healthcare Workers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 31 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to assess whether an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) can effectively improve skin cancer protective behaviors, knowledge, and related health beliefs among female healthcare workers in Ahvaz, Iran. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the HBM-based educational program increase participants' knowledge about skin cancer, its risk factors, and preventive measures?
- Does the intervention improve key HBM constructs such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action, leading to enhanced protective behaviors against skin cancer?
Researchers will compare an intervention group receiving a multicomponent educational program-including seven 45-minute sessions delivered both in-person and via WhatsApp-tailored to HBM constructs, with a comparison group receiving no intervention, to determine the intervention's effectiveness.
Participants will:
- Attend structured educational sessions covering skin cancer symptoms, risks, prevention strategies, behavioral barriers, motivation, and self-efficacy enhancement, using multimedia tools and group discussions
- Receive reminder messages and educational materials to facilitate behavior change
- Complete validated questionnaires assessing knowledge, HBM constructs, and protective behaviors before the intervention and two months afterwards
This study will evaluate if implementing a theory-driven, blended educational intervention can successfully promote protective behaviors and health beliefs related to skin cancer prevention among female healthcare workers.
Detailed description
This clinical trial study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in health centers of Ahvaz, Iran, to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in promoting skin cancer protective behaviors among female healthcare workers (HCWs). The study employed a two-group parallel design, randomly allocating 160 participants into an intervention group (n=54) and a comparison group (n=106). Eligible participants included female HCWs employed in the selected centers, with smartphone access and the ability to engage with digital educational content.
The educational program was developed according to HBM constructs, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The intervention consisted of seven 45-minute sessions delivered over two months using a blended approach combining in-person workshops and WhatsApp-based virtual education. Teaching methods included lectures, multimedia presentations, group discussions, motivational messaging, and reminder posters strategically placed in the workplace.
The content was tailored based on baseline knowledge and behavioral assessments. Early sessions addressed skin cancer symptoms, risk factors, and complications to raise awareness and perceived risk. Subsequent sessions emphasized the advantages of protective behaviors, addressed and sought to reduce perceived barriers, and incorporated stress management and motivational techniques to enhance self-efficacy.
Data collection employed a validated researcher-designed questionnaire covering demographic variables, knowledge about skin cancer, HBM constructs, and adherence to UV protective behaviors. Assessments were performed at baseline and two months post-intervention.
Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests for categorical variables, and independent and paired t-tests to compare continuous variables within and between groups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlled for confounding factors when evaluating intervention effects.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study uses a parallel-group quasi-experimental design, where female healthcare workers are assigned to either an intervention group or a comparison group. Both groups were followed concurrently over a two-month period. The intervention group received a multicomponent blended educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), delivered through face-to-face sessions and WhatsApp messaging. The comparison group did not receive any educational intervention. Outcomes related to skin cancer knowledge, Health Belief Model constructs, and protective behaviors against ultraviolet radiation were measured and compared at baseline and two months post-intervention. This design allows a direct evaluation of the intervention's effectiveness compared to usual conditions without educational input.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1: Intervention Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare WorkersFemale healthcare workers participated in a multilevel educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to enhance skin cancer protective behaviors. The program consisted of seven 45-minute sessions delivered both face-to-face and virtually via WhatsApp. The sessions focused on improving knowledge and modifying HBM construct. Educational materials included pamphlets, video clips, group discussions, and motivational messages. Reminders and posters were used in the workplace to reinforce learning and encourage sustained behavior change. |
| Arm 2: Control Group | No intervention | –Participants in the control group did not receive any educational intervention during the study period. They continued with their usual work routine and standard health education programs available at their workplaces. Assessments of their knowledge, health beliefs, and protective behaviors related to skin cancer were conducted at baseline and two months later to serve as a comparison for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Employment at Ahvaz healthcare centers,
- Absence of specific dermatological conditions,
- Provision of informed consent,
- Having a smartphone and knowing how to use it, and
- Non-participation in concurrent similar educational interventions.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Absence from more than two training sessions,
- Physical limitations preventing further participation,
- Incomplete or invalid questionnaire .
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare WorkersThis blended educational intervention employs the Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote skin cancer preventive behaviors in female healthcare workers in Ahvaz, Iran. The 7-session program (each 45 minutes) combines in-person training with WhatsApp-based follow-ups. Participant Components: * Structured sessions targeting knowledge and HBM constructs such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. * Use of multimedia tools including videos, pamphlets, and interactive discussions. * Motivational messaging, stress management clips, and role-modeling techniques to build self-efficacy. * Visual cues such as posters placed in healthcare workplaces. * Daily reminder messages to reinforce behavior change. Unique aspects distinguishing this intervention include its specific tailoring for female healthcare workers in a high UV-exposure region, the combined digital and face-to-face delivery approach, and comprehensive focus on all HBM construc | Behavioural | Arm 1: Intervention Group |
Primary outcome
Changes in Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and 2 months post-intervention.
Skin cancer protective behaviors among female healthcare workers were assessed using a validated, researcher-developed questionnaire. The instrument included multiple items evaluating behaviors such as applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing (wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, gloves), and using sunglasses. Responses were measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("Never") to 5 ("Always"). Protective behaviors were expressed as the average score across items, with higher scores indicating more frequent and consistent engagement in skin cancer prevention practices.
1 secondary outcome
Changes in Cognitive-Behavioral Constructs Related to Skin Cancer Prevention
Time frame: Before and two months after the intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Aug 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Public release of these data is not part of the research plan. However, upon reasonable request from researchers, and with ethics committee approval and strict confidentiality maintained, participant data can be shared with researchers in a controlled and limited manner.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Arash Salahshouri, Ph.D. principal investigator
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Health Belief Model-Based Educational Program for Skin Cancer Prevention Among Female Healthcare Workers in people with Promoting Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors, run by Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences at 1 site in Iran.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Iran. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors (time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and 2 months post-intervention.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Aug 2025.