Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)NCT07148518
Comparison of Upper and Lower Limb Maximal Exercise Capacities and Arterial Stiffness in Patients With CAD
An observational study of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly increases mortality rates in both developed and developing countries. In this condition, the impairment of arterial blood circulation leads to insufficient blood supply to the myocardium during both rest and exercise, resulting in symptoms such as angina pectoris, dyspnea… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2025to 1 Aug 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: 30 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease will be recruited.
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18-85 with coronary artery disease diagnosed by conventional or CT angiography
- Clinically stable
- Willing to participate
Who cannot join
- Heart failure diagnosis
- Moderate/severe valvular heart disease
- Orthopedic, neurological, or pulmonary conditions limiting exercise testing/capacity
- Contraindications per ACSM guidelines
- Prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Ankara, Çankaya 06490
Ankara, Çankaya, 06490
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Upper and Lower Limb Maximal Exercise Capacities, Arterial Stiffness, Muscle Oxygenation and Energy Consumption During Tests in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly increases mortality rates in both developed and developing countries. In this condition, the impairment of arterial blood circulation leads to insufficient blood supply to the myocardium during both rest and exercise, resulting in symptoms such as angina pectoris, dyspnea, and fatigue. Patients, particularly due to their fear of experiencing angina pectoris, tend to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. This situation contributes to exercise intolerance and a reduction in exercise capacity among individuals with CAD. A review of the literature reveals a lack of studies investigating upper and lower extremity exercise capacity and the physiological responses during exercise testing in patients with CAD. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare arterial stiffness, muscle oxygenation, respiratory muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, perceived dyspnea, and fatigue during upper and lower extremity exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
Read the detailed description
As a consequence of atherosclerosis progresses with aging, the lumen of the arteries narrows and the arterial wall thickens. In patients with coronary artery disease, this process impairs arterial blood flow, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. Consequently, due to the inability to meet the oxygen demands of the heart muscle both at rest and during exercise, patients experience symptoms such as angina pectoris, dyspnea, and fatigue. Particularly, fear of developing angina pectoris during physical activity leads patients to develop kinesiophobia and adopt a sedentary lifestyle. This condition further reduces their exercise capacity. In the literature, several studies have assessed the exercise capacity of these patients; however, these studies have predominantly utilized treadmill or cycle ergometers to evaluate lower extremity exercise capacity, and no study has been found that specifically investigates upper extremity exercise capacity. Considering that the upper extremities are used more frequently than the lower extremities during daily living activities, it is of particular importance to evaluate the upper extremity exercise capacity of patients. Moreover, upper extremity exercise testing provides an alternative means of assessment for patients with coronary artery disease who are unable to participate in lower extremity exercise tests due to neurological, vascular, or orthopedic problems. Compared to the lower extremities, the active muscle groups engaged during upper extremity exercise testing are smaller, which leads to lower metabolic demand and reduced peak oxygen consumption. This results in a lower cardiopulmonary workload during the exercise test. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and compare upper and lower extremity exercise capacities, as well as the physiological responses elicited during exercise testing, in patients with coronary artery disease.
The primary aim of the study is to compare upper and lower extremity exercise capacities and arterial stiffness levels during exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
The secondary aim of the study is to evaluate muscle oxygenation, energy expenditure, and the perception of dyspnea and fatigue during upper and lower extremity exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
The primary outcomes are upper and lower maximal exercise capacities (Cardiopulmonary exercise tests) and arterial stiffness during cardiopulmonary exercise tests (Arteriograph) device).
Secondary outcomes are muscle oxygenation (Near-infrared spectroscopy) device, respiratory muscle fatigue (mouth pressure device), energy consumption (multi sensor activity device), the perception of dyspnea (Modified Borg Scale (MBS)) and fatigue (MBS).
- Conditions
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Keywords
- coronary artery disease, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, arterial stiffness, oxygen consumption
- Medical subject headings
- Coronary Artery Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Lower Extremity Group | The first test is the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which evaluates the maximal exercise capacity of the lower extremities and will be performed on a treadmill. During the test, the muscle oxygen of the individuals will be measured with a near-infrared spectrometer, and their energy consumption will be measured with a multisensory physical activity monitor. Additionally, both arterial stiffness, assessed with the arteriograph device, and respiratory muscle fatigue, evaluated using a mouth pressure measurement device, will be measured before and after the test. | |
| Upper Extremity Group | In the second test, the maximal exercise capacity for the upper limb will again be evaluated by CPET and performed on the arm ergometer. The second test will be conducted 48 hours after the lower extremity exercise test. During the test in the second group, as in the first test, muscle oxygen will be measured with a near-infrared spectrometer, and energy expenditure with a multisensory physical activity monitor. Furthermore, arterial stiffness, determined by the arteriograph device, and respiratory muscle fatigue, assessed through a mouth pressure measurement system, will both be evaluated pre- and post-test. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maximal Exercise Capacity
Maximal Exercise capacity will be evaluated with Cardiopulmonary Exercise testing. The Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing will be applied according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Arterial Stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)]
Arterial stiffness will be non-invasively evaluated with using the SphygmoCor XCEL® device, which has established validity and reliability. The device will measure carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) along with pulse values.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Arterial Stiffness [augmentation index (AIx)]
Arterial stiffness will be non-invasively evaluated with using the SphygmoCor XCEL® device, which has established validity and reliability. The device will measure augmentation index (AIx) along with pulse values.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary outcomes (14)
Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation
Peripheral muscle oxygen will be measured by near-infrared spectrometry. The device probes will be placed on the upper, lower extremities and trunk for both tests. The device allows to display of the percentage of oxygen, the concentration of oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin, the difference between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, and the total hemoglobin. These parameters will be evaluated in our study.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor. The patient wear the multi sensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm during CPETs. Energy consumption (joule / day) will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Peripheral Muscle Strength
Isometric peripheral muscle strength will be measured with a portable hand dynamometer. Measurements will be repeated on the shoulder abductors and knee extensors three times on the right and left.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Respiratory Muscle Strength
Maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressures expressing respiratory muscle strength were measured using a portable mouth pressure measuring device according to ATS and ERS criteria.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue
Respiratory muscle fatigue in patients will be assessed both before and immediately after upper and lower extremity cardiopulmonary exercise testing by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) using a mouth pressure measurement device in accordance with ATS/ERS criteria. Prior to the tests, measurements will be repeated at least five times until the difference between the two highest MIP values is less than 5% or 5 cmH₂O. Immediately after the tests, at least three measurements will be performed until the difference between the two best MIP values is less than 5% or 5 cmH₂O.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Forced vital capacity (FVC))
Pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were conducted according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, forced vital capacity (FVC)was evaluated.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1))
Pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were conducted according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) was evaluated.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (FEV1/FVC)
Pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were conducted according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, FEV1/FVC was evaluated.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF25-75%))
Pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were conducted according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF25-75%)was evaluated.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Peak flow rate (PEF))
Pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometry. Dynamic lung volume measurements were conducted according to ATS and ERS criteria. With the device, peak flow rate (PEF) was evaluated.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Physical Activity Level
Physical activity will be evaluated with the Multi sensor activity monitor. The patient will wear the multisensor physical activity monitor over the triceps muscle of the non-dominant arm for 4 continuous days. The patient will be informed about removing the device while taking a bath. Physical activity level will be measured with the multi-sensor physical activity monitor.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Chronotropic Response Assessment
Chronotropic response assessment will be evaluated through exercise testing using the chronotropic index, which is calculated based on the maximal heart rate achieved during the exercise test and the resting heart rate.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Dyspnea Perception
Dyspnea perception will be evaluated with Modified Borg Scale. The Modified Borg scale is a subjective scale that scores 0-10 for breathlessness and fatigue at rest and/or during activity. The lowest 0 points "not at all" the highest 10 points "very severe" means shortness of breath.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Fatigue Perception
Fatigue perception will be evaluated with Modified Borg Scale. The Modified Borg scale is a subjective scale that scores 0-10 for breathlessness and fatigue at rest and/or during activity. The lowest 0 points "not at all" the highest 10 points "very severe" means fatigue.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Aug 2025
- Study start1 Sep 2025
- Primary completion9 Jul 2026
- Study completion1 Aug 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Gazi UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case crossover
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Gazi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Meral Boşnak Güçlü, Gazi University
- Investigators
- Naciye SEVİM, Pt., Study chair, Gazi UniversityÖzden SEÇKİN, Dr., Principal investigator, Gazi UniversityMehmet Rıdvan YALÇIN, Prof.Dr., Principal investigator, Gazi UniversityMeral BOŞNAK GÜÇLÜ, Prof. Dr., Study director, Gazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07148518
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Gazi University 76
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 4 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015 Jan 10;385(9963):117-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
PubMed 25530442Secher NH, Volianitis S. Are the arms and legs in competition for cardiac output? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Oct;38(10):1797-803. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000230343.64000.ac.
PubMed 17019302Ranadive SM, Fahs CA, Yan H, Rossow LM, Agiovlasitis S, Fernhall B. Comparison of the acute impact of maximal arm and leg aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Jul;112(7):2631-5. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-2238-z. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PubMed 22083536Miles DS, Cox MH, Bomze JP. Cardiovascular responses to upper body exercise in normals and cardiac patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Oct;21(5 Suppl):S126-31.
PubMed 2691824Ghroubi S, Chaari M, Elleuch H, Massmoudi K, Abdenadher M, Trabelssi I, Akrout M, Feki H, Frikha I, Dammak J, Kammoun S, Zouari N, Elleuch MH. The isokinetic assessment of peripheral muscle function in patients with coronary artery disease: correlations with cardiorespiratory capacity. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2007 Jun;50(5):295-301; 287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2007.03.012. Epub 2007 Mar 30. English, French.
PubMed 17449129Cakal B, Yildirim M, Emren SV. Kinesiophobia, physical performance, and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2022 Sep;18(3):246-254. doi: 10.5114/aic.2022.122892. Epub 2022 Dec 17.
PubMed 36751297Alves AJ, Oliveira NL, Lopes S, Ruescas-Nicolau MA, Teixeira M, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Arterial Stiffness is Related to Impaired Exercise Capacity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and History of Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ. 2019 Nov;28(11):1614-1621. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.08.023. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
PubMed 30318391Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. Epub 2018 Jan 31. No abstract available.
PubMed 29386200
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Upper and Lower Limb Maximal Exercise Capacities, Arterial Stiffness, Muscle Oxygenation and Energy Consumption During Tests in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07148518
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Gazi University 76
- Conditions
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Keywords
- coronary artery disease, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, arterial stiffness, oxygen consumption
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Gazi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 9 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly increases mortality rates in both developed and developing countries. In this condition, the impairment of arterial blood circulation leads to insufficient blood supply to the myocardium during both rest and exercise, resulting in symptoms such as angina pectoris, dyspnea, and fatigue. Patients, particularly due to their fear of experiencing angina pectoris, tend to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. This situation contributes to exercise intolerance and a reduction in exercise capacity among individuals with CAD. A review of the literature reveals a lack of studies investigating upper and lower extremity exercise capacity and the physiological responses during exercise testing in patients with CAD. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare arterial stiffness, muscle oxygenation, respiratory muscle fatigue, energy expenditure, perceived dyspnea, and fatigue during upper and lower extremity exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
Detailed description
As a consequence of atherosclerosis progresses with aging, the lumen of the arteries narrows and the arterial wall thickens. In patients with coronary artery disease, this process impairs arterial blood flow, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. Consequently, due to the inability to meet the oxygen demands of the heart muscle both at rest and during exercise, patients experience symptoms such as angina pectoris, dyspnea, and fatigue. Particularly, fear of developing angina pectoris during physical activity leads patients to develop kinesiophobia and adopt a sedentary lifestyle. This condition further reduces their exercise capacity. In the literature, several studies have assessed the exercise capacity of these patients; however, these studies have predominantly utilized treadmill or cycle ergometers to evaluate lower extremity exercise capacity, and no study has been found that specifically investigates upper extremity exercise capacity. Considering that the upper extremities are used more frequently than the lower extremities during daily living activities, it is of particular importance to evaluate the upper extremity exercise capacity of patients. Moreover, upper extremity exercise testing provides an alternative means of assessment for patients with coronary artery disease who are unable to participate in lower extremity exercise tests due to neurological, vascular, or orthopedic problems. Compared to the lower extremities, the active muscle groups engaged during upper extremity exercise testing are smaller, which leads to lower metabolic demand and reduced peak oxygen consumption. This results in a lower cardiopulmonary workload during the exercise test. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and compare upper and lower extremity exercise capacities, as well as the physiological responses elicited during exercise testing, in patients with coronary artery disease.
The primary aim of the study is to compare upper and lower extremity exercise capacities and arterial stiffness levels during exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
The secondary aim of the study is to evaluate muscle oxygenation, energy expenditure, and the perception of dyspnea and fatigue during upper and lower extremity exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease.
The primary outcomes are upper and lower maximal exercise capacities (Cardiopulmonary exercise tests) and arterial stiffness during cardiopulmonary exercise tests (Arteriograph) device).
Secondary outcomes are muscle oxygenation (Near-infrared spectroscopy) device, respiratory muscle fatigue (mouth pressure device), energy consumption (multi sensor activity device), the perception of dyspnea (Modified Borg Scale (MBS)) and fatigue (MBS).
Study design
- Observational model
- Case crossover
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Lower Extremity Group | – | –The first test is the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which evaluates the maximal exercise capacity of the lower extremities and will be performed on a treadmill. During the test, the muscle oxygen of the individuals will be measured with a near-infrared spectrometer, and their energy consumption will be measured with a multisensory physical activity monitor. Additionally, both arterial stiffness, assessed with the arteriograph device, and respiratory muscle fatigue, evaluated using a mouth pressure measurement device, will be measured before and after the test. |
| Upper Extremity Group | – | –In the second test, the maximal exercise capacity for the upper limb will again be evaluated by CPET and performed on the arm ergometer. The second test will be conducted 48 hours after the lower extremity exercise test. During the test in the second group, as in the first test, muscle oxygen will be measured with a near-infrared spectrometer, and energy expenditure with a multisensory physical activity monitor. Furthermore, arterial stiffness, determined by the arteriograph device, and respiratory muscle fatigue, assessed through a mouth pressure measurement system, will both be evaluated pre- and post-test. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- 30 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease will be recruited.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Adults aged 18-85 with coronary artery disease diagnosed by conventional or CT angiography
- Clinically stable
- Willing to participate
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Heart failure diagnosis
- Moderate/severe valvular heart disease
- Orthopedic, neurological, or pulmonary conditions limiting exercise testing/capacity
- Contraindications per ACSM guidelines
- Prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Maximal Exercise Capacity
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Maximal Exercise capacity will be evaluated with Cardiopulmonary Exercise testing. The Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing will be applied according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria.
Arterial Stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)]
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Arterial stiffness will be non-invasively evaluated with using the SphygmoCor XCEL® device, which has established validity and reliability. The device will measure carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) along with pulse values.
Arterial Stiffness [augmentation index (AIx)]
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Arterial stiffness will be non-invasively evaluated with using the SphygmoCor XCEL® device, which has established validity and reliability. The device will measure augmentation index (AIx) along with pulse values.
14 secondary outcomes
Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Energy Consumption
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Peripheral Muscle Strength
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Respiratory Muscle Strength
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Forced vital capacity (FVC))
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1))
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (FEV1/FVC)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF25-75%))
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pulmonary Function (Peak flow rate (PEF))
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Physical Activity Level
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Chronotropic Response Assessment
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Dyspnea Perception
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Fatigue Perception
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 25530442GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015 Jan 10;385(9963):117-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
- Background: PubMed 17019302Secher NH, Volianitis S. Are the arms and legs in competition for cardiac output? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Oct;38(10):1797-803. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000230343.64000.ac.
- Background: PubMed 22083536Ranadive SM, Fahs CA, Yan H, Rossow LM, Agiovlasitis S, Fernhall B. Comparison of the acute impact of maximal arm and leg aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Jul;112(7):2631-5. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-2238-z. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
- Background: PubMed 2691824Miles DS, Cox MH, Bomze JP. Cardiovascular responses to upper body exercise in normals and cardiac patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Oct;21(5 Suppl):S126-31.
- Background: PubMed 17449129Ghroubi S, Chaari M, Elleuch H, Massmoudi K, Abdenadher M, Trabelssi I, Akrout M, Feki H, Frikha I, Dammak J, Kammoun S, Zouari N, Elleuch MH. The isokinetic assessment of peripheral muscle function in patients with coronary artery disease: correlations with cardiorespiratory capacity. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2007 Jun;50(5):295-301; 287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2007.03.012. Epub 2007 Mar 30. English, French.
- Background: PubMed 36751297Cakal B, Yildirim M, Emren SV. Kinesiophobia, physical performance, and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2022 Sep;18(3):246-254. doi: 10.5114/aic.2022.122892. Epub 2022 Dec 17.
- Background: PubMed 30318391Alves AJ, Oliveira NL, Lopes S, Ruescas-Nicolau MA, Teixeira M, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Arterial Stiffness is Related to Impaired Exercise Capacity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and History of Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ. 2019 Nov;28(11):1614-1621. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.08.023. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
- Background: PubMed 29386200Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. Epub 2018 Jan 31. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Naciye SEVİM, Pt. study chair
Gazi University
Özden SEÇKİN, Dr. principal investigator
Gazi University
Mehmet Rıdvan YALÇIN, Prof.Dr. principal investigator
Gazi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maximal Exercise Capacity (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07148518, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Aug 2026.