Person-Centered Lifestyle Redesign in Chronic Low Back Pain

The COPM is a semi-structured assessment tool that allows individuals to identify performance areas in daily life where they experience problems and to measure their level of occupational performance and satisfaction in these areas. It consists of three sections: self-care, leisure, and productivity. In the first stage, the individual is asked to rate the importance of their activities in these three areas on a scale of 1 to 10 (1: not important at all, 10: extremely important). In the next stage, the individual selects the five activities they identified as most important. For each selected activity, they are asked to rate both their performance (1: my performance is very poor, 10: my performance is very good) and their satisfaction (1: not satisfied at all, 10: extremely satisfied) on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 10. For scoring, the performance scores given for each activity are summed and divided by the number of selected activities to obtain an average

The Nottingham Health Profile subjectively evaluates an individual's health status through 38 items across six different dimensions: emotional reactions (9 items), physical mobility (8 items), pain (8 items), sleep (5 items), social isolation (5 items), and energy level (3 items). Participants are required to answer the questions with 'yes' or 'no'. The score for each sub-dimension is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100, and the maximum total score obtained by summing all dimension scores is 600. In the interpretation of the scores, a lower total score is associated with a better quality of life. The reported Cronbach's alpha values for the different sub-dimensions of the scale range from 0.56 to 0.83.

The Oswestry Disability Index examines 10 different dimensions affecting daily life: pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleep quality, sex life, social life, and traveling. The lowest possible score on the scale is 0, and the highest is 50. The total score is multiplied by 2 to express the individual's disability level as a percentage (%). An increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of disability experienced by the individual due to low back pain. The Cronbach's alpha value of the ODI is 0.89, stating that the scale is highly reliable.

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form is to objectively assess individuals' physical activity levels over the last seven days. Consisting of four sections and seven questions, the questionnaire asks the participant to recall and report physical activities performed for at least 10 minutes at a time during the last seven days. The questionnaire collects information on the time spent walking, in moderate-intensity activities, and in vigorous-intensity activities, as well as sedentary time spent sitting. These duration data are converted into a Metabolic Equivalent (MET)-minute/week score to express physical activity in terms of energy expenditure. Standard, internationally accepted MET values are used for this calculation: Walking: 3.3 METs, Moderate Physical Activity: 4.0 METs, Vigorous Physical Activity: 8.0 METs, Sitting: 1.5 METs.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is to screen participants' anxiety and depression levels. The scale consists of 14 items total and comprises two subscales: Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression (HADS-D), each containing 7 items. Participants are asked to respond to each item on a four-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 3. The score for each subscale ranges from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms in the respective dimension. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale were reported as 0.85 for anxiety and 0.77 for depression.