Abdominal SurgeryNCT07164118
Therapeutic Effects of Pranayama Breathing Technique and Deep Breathing Exercises on Pain and Anxiety After Abdominal Surgery
A study testing Pranayama Breathing Exercise and Deep Breathing Exercise in people with Abdominal Surgery, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study will be conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of pranayama breathing technique and deep breathing exercises on pain and anxiety after abdominal surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Abdominal Surgery
- What is being tested?
- Pranayama Breathing Exercise and Deep Breathing Exercise
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Aug 2025to 30 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients aged 18-65,
- Having undergone elective abdominal surgery,
- Having no communication difficulties,
- Having no cognitive problems,
- Having no psychiatric illness,
- Having not previously practiced breathing exercises,
- Agreeing to participate in the study,
- Having an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) rating of I, II, or III will be included in the sample group.
Who cannot join
- Patients who developed complications such as bleeding, anastomotic leakage, atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism in the postoperative period; who wished to withdraw from the study at any stage; or who required intensive care in the postoperative period will not be included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Afsin State Hospital
Kahramanmaraş, Afşin, 46500
About this study
This study will be conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of pranayama breathing technique and deep breathing exercises on pain and anxiety after abdominal surgery.
Read the detailed description
Abdominal surgeries often present with significant pain and the need for analgesia, and inadequate pain control can lead to delayed wound healing, cognitive impairment, stress, and anxiety. Surgical patients frequently experience anxiety and moderate to severe pain during the perioperative period. Non-pharmacological methods provide significant support to pharmacological treatments during this period. Pranayama and deep breathing exercises stand out as effective methods that promote relaxation and reduce pain perception and anxiety. While the literature supports the positive effects of these techniques, studies on their use after abdominal surgery are limited. This research aims to fill this gap and demonstrate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches in postoperative care.
- Conditions
- Abdominal Surgery
- Being tested
- Pranayama Breathing Exercise, Deep Breathing Exercise
- Keywords
- abdominal surgery, deep breathing exercise, pranamaya, pain, anxiety
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pranayama Breathing ExerciseBehavioural
Pranayama breathing technique consisting of 6 cycles, demonstrated by the researcher before the operation, supported by the brochure, and lasting 8-10 minutes every 2 hours from the 4th post-operative hour.
Deep Breathing ExerciseBehavioural
Deep breathing exercise, demonstrated one-on-one before surgery and supported by a guide, applied 6 times every 2 hours from the 4th post-operative hour onwards.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No intervention | Patients will not be taught breathing exercises. Pain will be assessed with the VAS at the 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours, and anxiety will be assessed with the STAI-II on the preoperative morning and before discharge. |
| Pranayama Breathing Group | Experimental | Pranayama breathing techniques will be taught before surgery. Starting 4 hours after surgery, 8-10 minutes of breathing exercises will be repeated every 2 hours. Pain will be measured before and after the exercises and at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Anxiety will be measured with the STAI-II on the morning of the preoperative period and before discharge. Receives: Behavioral: Pranayama Breathing Exercise |
| Deep Breathing Group | Experimental | Deep breathing exercises will be taught before surgery. Six repetitions will be performed every two hours, starting four hours after surgery. Pain will be assessed with a VAS before and after the exercise and at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Anxiety will be measured with the STAI-II on the morning of the preoperative period and before discharge. Receives: Behavioral: Deep Breathing Exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory:
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: First developed by Spielberger and his colleagues in 1970, it was adapted into Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1982), and its validity and reliability studies were conducted. This inventory consists of two subsections, each containing 20 items: State Anxiety (STAI-I) and Trait Anxiety (STAI-II). In the state anxiety section, participants select one of the following options: "not at all," "a little," "a lot," or "completely." In the trait anxiety section, participants respond with the following options: "almost never," "sometimes," "most of the time." The total score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels. In the study conducted by Günaydın and Oflaz (1998), anxiety scores were classified according to their levels and defined as 20-39 as "mild", 40-59 as "moderate", 60-79 as "high" and over 80 points as "panic level anxiety".
Measured: 5 months
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was designed in 1983 by Price and colleagues to assess pain intensity. This measurement tool consists of a 10-cm-long straight line with the words "no pain" at one end and "unbearable pain" at the other. The patient is asked to mark a point on the line corresponding to the intensity of the pain they are experiencing; this point is scored in centimeters from the beginning. The score is categorized as no pain for 0, mild for 1-4, moderate for 5-6, severe for 7-8, and extreme pain for 10.
Measured: 5 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Sep 2025
- Study start15 Aug 2025
- Primary completion30 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Dec 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Abdominal SurgeryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Cukurova UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- There are 3 groups: pranamaya group, deep breathing exercise group and control group.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Muaz Gulsen, Cukurova University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07164118
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CU-SBF-CB-07
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 28 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 9 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Therapeutic Effects of Pranayama Breathing Technique and Deep Breathing Exercises on Pain and Anxiety After Abdominal Surgery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07164118
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CU-SBF-CB-07
- Conditions
- Abdominal Surgery
- Keywords
- abdominal surgery, deep breathing exercise, pranamaya, pain, anxiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 9 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will be conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of pranayama breathing technique and deep breathing exercises on pain and anxiety after abdominal surgery.
Detailed description
Abdominal surgeries often present with significant pain and the need for analgesia, and inadequate pain control can lead to delayed wound healing, cognitive impairment, stress, and anxiety. Surgical patients frequently experience anxiety and moderate to severe pain during the perioperative period. Non-pharmacological methods provide significant support to pharmacological treatments during this period. Pranayama and deep breathing exercises stand out as effective methods that promote relaxation and reduce pain perception and anxiety. While the literature supports the positive effects of these techniques, studies on their use after abdominal surgery are limited. This research aims to fill this gap and demonstrate the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches in postoperative care.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- There are 3 groups: pranamaya group, deep breathing exercise group and control group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No intervention | –Patients will not be taught breathing exercises. Pain will be assessed with the VAS at the 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative hours, and anxiety will be assessed with the STAI-II on the preoperative morning and before discharge. |
| Pranayama Breathing Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Pranayama Breathing ExercisePranayama breathing techniques will be taught before surgery. Starting 4 hours after surgery, 8-10 minutes of breathing exercises will be repeated every 2 hours. Pain will be measured before and after the exercises and at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Anxiety will be measured with the STAI-II on the morning of the preoperative period and before discharge. |
| Deep Breathing Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Deep Breathing ExerciseDeep breathing exercises will be taught before surgery. Six repetitions will be performed every two hours, starting four hours after surgery. Pain will be assessed with a VAS before and after the exercise and at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Anxiety will be measured with the STAI-II on the morning of the preoperative period and before discharge. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Patients aged 18-65,
- Having undergone elective abdominal surgery,
- Having no communication difficulties,
- Having no cognitive problems,
- Having no psychiatric illness,
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients who developed complications such as bleeding, anastomotic leakage, atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism in the postoperative period; who wished to withdraw from the study at any stage; or who required intensive care in the postoperative period will not be included in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pranayama Breathing ExercisePranayama breathing technique consisting of 6 cycles, demonstrated by the researcher before the operation, supported by the brochure, and lasting 8-10 minutes every 2 hours from the 4th post-operative hour. | Behavioural | Pranayama Breathing Group |
| Deep Breathing ExerciseDeep breathing exercise, demonstrated one-on-one before surgery and supported by a guide, applied 6 times every 2 hours from the 4th post-operative hour onwards. | Behavioural | Deep Breathing Group |
Primary outcome
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory:
Time frame: 5 months
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: First developed by Spielberger and his colleagues in 1970, it was adapted into Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1982), and its validity and reliability studies were conducted. This inventory consists of two subsections, each containing 20 items: State Anxiety (STAI-I) and Trait Anxiety (STAI-II). In the state anxiety section, participants select one of the following options: "not at all," "a little," "a lot," or "completely." In the trait anxiety section, participants respond with the following options: "almost never," "sometimes," "most of the time." The total score on the scale ranges from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels. In the study conducted by Günaydın and Oflaz (1998), anxiety scores were classified according to their levels and defined as 20-39 as "mild", 40-59 as "moderate", 60-79 as "high" and over 80 points as "panic level anxiety".
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time frame: 5 months
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was designed in 1983 by Price and colleagues to assess pain intensity. This measurement tool consists of a 10-cm-long straight line with the words "no pain" at one end and "unbearable pain" at the other. The patient is asked to mark a point on the line corresponding to the intensity of the pain they are experiencing; this point is scored in centimeters from the beginning. The score is categorized as no pain for 0, mild for 1-4, moderate for 5-6, severe for 7-8, and extreme pain for 10.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Sep 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Abdominal Surgery
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Pilot Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of OPTILENE® SILVER MESH ELASTIC in Prevention of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and Incisional Hernia (IH)
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Morbid Obesity
Not yet recruiting
Nurse-Led Prehabilitation Before Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery
Colorectal Cancer
RecruitingPhase 1
Study of Preoperative Radiation Therapy in Participants With Resectable Recurrent Abdominal Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC), Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC)
Recruiting
Vagal Stimulator to Reduce Nasogastric Tube Use
Nasogastric Tube Intubation
RecruitingPhase 1
Individual Response to Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Peritoneal Mesothelioma or Atypical Mesothelial Proliferation or From Ovarian, Colorectal, or Appendiceal Histologies
Peritoneal Mesothelioma, Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Pranayama Breathing Exercise and Deep Breathing Exercise in people with Abdominal Surgery, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: (time frame: 5 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Sep 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.