Whole-body VibrationWBV-BMRNCT07170709
WBV Reflex Latency and Mechanical Load
A study testing Whole-Body Vibration in people with Whole-body Vibration and Healthy Volunteers (HV), run by Selim Sezikli at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate how the magnitude of mechanical loading affects reflex latency patterns induced by whole-body vibration (WBV). WBV can trigger two types of reflexes: the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and the bone myoregulation reflex (BMR), which may be influenced by load-bearing condition. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Whole-body Vibration, Healthy Volunteers (HV), Muscle Contraction
- What is being tested?
- Whole-Body Vibration
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Sep 2025to 24 Sep 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged between 18 and 40 years
- Healthy adult volunteers with no known neurological or musculoskeletal disorders
- Able to provide informed consent
- Willing to comply with the procedures of the study, including EMG and vibration exposure
Who cannot join
- History of any neurological condition (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, stroke)
- Musculoskeletal injury or surgery involving the lower extremities
- Use of medications affecting neuromuscular function
- Pregnancy
- Presence of implanted electronic devices (e.g., pacemaker)
- Known intolerance to vibration exposure
- History of vertigo
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
Istanbul, Istanbul, 34186
About this study
Official title: Effect of Mechanical Load Magnitude on Reflex Latency Induced by Whole-Body Vibration: A Latency-Based Evaluation of Bone Myoregulation Reflex and Tonic Vibration Reflex
This study aims to investigate how the magnitude of mechanical loading affects reflex latency patterns induced by whole-body vibration (WBV). WBV can trigger two types of reflexes: the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and the bone myoregulation reflex (BMR), which may be influenced by load-bearing condition. The study will include healthy adult volunteers aged 18-40 years. Reflex responses will be recorded from the soleus muscle using surface EMG during both WBV. Different conditions of mechanical loading (i.e., standing on one foot, both feet) and vibration frequencies (30-36 Hz) will be tested. The main outcome will be the latency of the reflex responses, which will help distinguish between TVR and BMR activation. The goal is to better understand how mechanical load modifies reflex response timing and to characterize the underlying afferent pathways. This knowledge may contribute to optimizing vibration-based rehabilitation strategies.
Read the detailed description
This study investigates how the magnitude of mechanical loading alters reflex latency patterns during whole-body vibration (WBV), focusing specifically on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and the bone myoregulation reflex (BMR). Experimental data suggest that WBV may activate different reflex mechanisms depending on the level of postural loading, frequency, and amplitude of the vibration. Previous studies have shown that low-amplitude WBV tends to activate TVR under voluntary contraction, while higher mechanical loads and neutral standing posture are more likely to induce BMR.
Surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings will be obtained from the soleus muscle during vibration stimuli applied at different frequencies (30, 32, 34, and 36 Hz). Recordings will be taken under multiple loading conditions: standing on both feet, standing on one foot. Reflex latency will be calculated using cumulative averaging techniques, and data will be analyzed offline using Python 3.11, SPSS v25, R 4.6.1 software.
Findings from this study may contribute to a deeper understanding of reflex integration during vibratory stimulation and inform future neurorehabilitation protocols that utilize WBV as a therapeutic modality.
- Conditions
- Whole-body Vibration, Healthy Volunteers (HV), Muscle Contraction, Postural Balance, Electromyography
- Being tested
- Whole-Body Vibration
- Keywords
- Whole-Body Vibration, Tonic Vibration Reflex, Bone Myoregulation Reflex, Reflex Latency, Postural Reflexes, Surface Electromyography, Mechanical Loading, Healthy Volunteers, Neuromuscular Physiology
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Whole-Body VibrationDevice
Also called WBV, Reflex Latency Vibration Protocol
Participants will receive whole-body vibration (WBV) at 30-36 Hz under different mechanical loading conditions (e.g., standing on one foot, both feet,). Vibration-induced reflex responses will be recorded from the soleus muscle using surface electromyography. The intervention is designed to evaluate latency differences between tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and bone myoregulation reflex (BMR) under controlled biomechanical scenarios.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Low load first | Other | Participants first underwent low-load whole-body vibration (bipedal stance, 1.2 mm peak-to-peak platform displacement), followed by high-load whole-body vibration (unipedal stance, 2.2 mm peak-to-peak displacement). Within each condition, 10-s vibration blocks were delivered at 30, 32, 34 and 36 Hz in randomized order. Participants stood in quiet upright stance with the hands resting lightly on a fixed bar. Receives: Device: Whole-Body Vibration |
| High load first | Other | Participants first underwent high-load whole-body vibration (unipedal stance, 2.2 mm peak-to-peak platform displacement), followed by low-load whole-body vibration (bipedal stance, 1.2 mm peak-to-peak displacement). Within each condition, 10-s vibration blocks were delivered at 30, 32, 34 and 36 Hz in randomized order. Participants stood in quiet upright stance with the hands resting lightly on a fixed bar. Receives: Device: Whole-Body Vibration |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Reflex latency (milliseconds) in the soleus muscle during vibration stimulation
Reflex latency will be calculated based on surface EMG recordings from the soleus muscle during whole-body vibration at frequencies of 30-36 Hz. Latency will be analyzed using cumulative averaging techniques and expressed in milliseconds.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Secondary outcomes (6)
EMG amplitude of reflex response in the soleus muscle during vibration stimulation
The magnitude of EMG response during whole-body vibration will be recorded from the soleus muscle. Reflex amplitude differences will be analyzed across various postural loading conditions to evaluate suppression or facilitation effects.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex type classification (TVR vs BMR) based on latency and mechanical load
Reflex responses will be categorized as tonic vibration reflex (TVR) or bone myoregulation reflex (BMR) based on latency values and mechanical loading condition. Classification will be supported by comparisons of reflex latency and EMG suppression patterns across experimental conditions.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex latency variability under different mechanical loading conditions
Variability in reflex latency will be assessed across different postural load conditions (e.g., single-leg, double-leg, prone) to determine how load magnitude influences the consistency of reflex timing. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation will be calculated for each condition.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Effect of vibration frequency on reflex latency and amplitude
Reflex latency and EMG amplitude will be compared across vibration frequencies (30, 32, 34, and 36 Hz) to investigate frequency-dependent modulation of neuromuscular responses in the soleus muscle.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex persistence during whole-body vibration
Persistence was defined as the proportion of mechanical vibration cycles eliciting a soleus electromyographic reflex response within a 10-s analysis window. Persistence was compared between low- and high-load conditions and across vibration frequencies of 30, 32, 34 and 36 Hz.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Phase-locking strength between the vibration cycle and the soleus reflex response
Phase-locking strength was quantified as pairwise phase consistency (PPC) between the phase of the platform acceleration signal and soleus electromyographic reflex events. PPC was compared between low- and high-load conditions and across vibration frequencies of 30, 32, 34 and 36 Hz.
Measured: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Sep 2025
- Study start2 Sep 2025
- Primary completion20 Sep 2025
- Study completion24 Sep 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Whole-body VibrationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Each participant completed both loading conditions in a randomized order determined during the study-design phase using simple randomization. Within each loading condition, the four vibration frequencies were administered in randomized order.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Selim Sezikli
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Selim Sezikli, Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
- Investigators
- Selim Sezikli, MD, Principal investigator, Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07170709
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- WBV-BMR-2025-01
- Other IDs
- 2017.124.IRB2.038
- Acronym
- WBV-BMR
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 29 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 26 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Following publication of the main study results, de-identified individual participant data (IPD) and relevant supporting documents will be made available to qualified researchers upon submission of a valid research proposal. Data will be provided exclusively for research purposes and under a formal data sharing agreement.
Publications
Karacan I, Turker KS. Exploring neuronal mechanisms of osteosarcopenia in older adults. J Physiol. 2026 Jan;604(2):672-688. doi: 10.1113/JP285666. Epub 2024 Aug 9.
PubMed 39119811Karacan I, Cidem M, Yilmaz G, Sebik O, Cakar HI, Turker KS. Tendon reflex is suppressed during whole-body vibration. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2016 Oct;30:191-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.07.008. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
PubMed 27485766Karacan I, Cidem M, Cidem M, Turker KS. Whole-body vibration induces distinct reflex patterns in human soleus muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2017 Jun;34:93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
PubMed 28457998
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Mechanical Load Magnitude on Reflex Latency Induced by Whole-Body Vibration: A Latency-Based Evaluation of Bone Myoregulation Reflex and Tonic Vibration Reflex
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07170709
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- WBV-BMR / WBV-BMR-2025-01
- Conditions
- Whole-body Vibration, Healthy Volunteers (HV), Muscle Contraction, Postural Balance, Electromyography
- Keywords
- Whole-Body Vibration, Tonic Vibration Reflex, Bone Myoregulation Reflex, Reflex Latency, Postural Reflexes, Surface Electromyography, Mechanical Loading, Healthy Volunteers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Selim SezikliOther government
- Study start
- 2 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Sep 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate how the magnitude of mechanical loading affects reflex latency patterns induced by whole-body vibration (WBV). WBV can trigger two types of reflexes: the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and the bone myoregulation reflex (BMR), which may be influenced by load-bearing condition. The study will include healthy adult volunteers aged 18-40 years. Reflex responses will be recorded from the soleus muscle using surface EMG during both WBV. Different conditions of mechanical loading (i.e., standing on one foot, both feet) and vibration frequencies (30-36 Hz) will be tested. The main outcome will be the latency of the reflex responses, which will help distinguish between TVR and BMR activation. The goal is to better understand how mechanical load modifies reflex response timing and to characterize the underlying afferent pathways. This knowledge may contribute to optimizing vibration-based rehabilitation strategies.
Detailed description
This study investigates how the magnitude of mechanical loading alters reflex latency patterns during whole-body vibration (WBV), focusing specifically on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and the bone myoregulation reflex (BMR). Experimental data suggest that WBV may activate different reflex mechanisms depending on the level of postural loading, frequency, and amplitude of the vibration. Previous studies have shown that low-amplitude WBV tends to activate TVR under voluntary contraction, while higher mechanical loads and neutral standing posture are more likely to induce BMR.
Surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings will be obtained from the soleus muscle during vibration stimuli applied at different frequencies (30, 32, 34, and 36 Hz). Recordings will be taken under multiple loading conditions: standing on both feet, standing on one foot. Reflex latency will be calculated using cumulative averaging techniques, and data will be analyzed offline using Python 3.11, SPSS v25, R 4.6.1 software.
Findings from this study may contribute to a deeper understanding of reflex integration during vibratory stimulation and inform future neurorehabilitation protocols that utilize WBV as a therapeutic modality.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Each participant completed both loading conditions in a randomized order determined during the study-design phase using simple randomization. Within each loading condition, the four vibration frequencies were administered in randomized order.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Low load first | Other | Device: Whole-Body VibrationParticipants first underwent low-load whole-body vibration (bipedal stance, 1.2 mm peak-to-peak platform displacement), followed by high-load whole-body vibration (unipedal stance, 2.2 mm peak-to-peak displacement). Within each condition, 10-s vibration blocks were delivered at 30, 32, 34 and 36 Hz in randomized order. Participants stood in quiet upright stance with the hands resting lightly on a fixed bar. |
| High load first | Other | Device: Whole-Body VibrationParticipants first underwent high-load whole-body vibration (unipedal stance, 2.2 mm peak-to-peak platform displacement), followed by low-load whole-body vibration (bipedal stance, 1.2 mm peak-to-peak displacement). Within each condition, 10-s vibration blocks were delivered at 30, 32, 34 and 36 Hz in randomized order. Participants stood in quiet upright stance with the hands resting lightly on a fixed bar. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Aged between 18 and 40 years
- Healthy adult volunteers with no known neurological or musculoskeletal disorders
- Able to provide informed consent
- Willing to comply with the procedures of the study, including EMG and vibration exposure
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- History of any neurological condition (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, stroke)
- Musculoskeletal injury or surgery involving the lower extremities
- Use of medications affecting neuromuscular function
- Pregnancy
- Presence of implanted electronic devices (e.g., pacemaker)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Whole-Body VibrationAlso: WBV, Reflex Latency Vibration ProtocolParticipants will receive whole-body vibration (WBV) at 30-36 Hz under different mechanical loading conditions (e.g., standing on one foot, both feet,). Vibration-induced reflex responses will be recorded from the soleus muscle using surface electromyography. The intervention is designed to evaluate latency differences between tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and bone myoregulation reflex (BMR) under controlled biomechanical scenarios. | Device | High load first, Low load first |
Primary outcome
Reflex latency (milliseconds) in the soleus muscle during vibration stimulation
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex latency will be calculated based on surface EMG recordings from the soleus muscle during whole-body vibration at frequencies of 30-36 Hz. Latency will be analyzed using cumulative averaging techniques and expressed in milliseconds.
6 secondary outcomes
EMG amplitude of reflex response in the soleus muscle during vibration stimulation
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex type classification (TVR vs BMR) based on latency and mechanical load
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex latency variability under different mechanical loading conditions
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Effect of vibration frequency on reflex latency and amplitude
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Reflex persistence during whole-body vibration
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Phase-locking strength between the vibration cycle and the soleus reflex response
Time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Oct 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 39119811Karacan I, Turker KS. Exploring neuronal mechanisms of osteosarcopenia in older adults. J Physiol. 2026 Jan;604(2):672-688. doi: 10.1113/JP285666. Epub 2024 Aug 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 27485766Karacan I, Cidem M, Yilmaz G, Sebik O, Cakar HI, Turker KS. Tendon reflex is suppressed during whole-body vibration. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2016 Oct;30:191-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.07.008. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
- Results publication: PubMed 28457998Karacan I, Cidem M, Cidem M, Turker KS. Whole-body vibration induces distinct reflex patterns in human soleus muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2017 Jun;34:93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Following publication of the main study results, de-identified individual participant data (IPD) and relevant supporting documents will be made available to qualified researchers upon submission of a valid research proposal. Data will be provided exclusively for research purposes and under a formal data sharing agreement.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Selim Sezikli, MD principal investigator
Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Whole-Body Vibration in people with Whole-body Vibration and Healthy Volunteers (HV), run by Selim Sezikli at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Reflex latency (milliseconds) in the soleus muscle during vibration stimulation (time frame: Day 1 (single-session, during each experimental condition)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07170709, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.