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Athletic PerformanceNCT07170930

The Effect of a Training Programme in the Variation of Fitness Parameters, Physiological, Hematological and Biochemical Indicators of Soccer Players During the Preseason Period

An observational study of Athletic Performance and Soccer, run by Emmanouil D. Zacharakis at 1 site in Greece.

Enrolling by invitation

Enrolling by invitation. The study team selects and invites participants, usually from an existing group of patients.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of varying friendly match-play exposure during the late pre-season on physiological, biochemical, and performance adaptations in soccer players. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 35 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Athletic Performance, Soccer, Muscle Damage
What is being tested?
Friendly Match-Play Exposure: extended vs. limited
How many people
24 participants
Where
1 siteGreece
Study dates
1 Jul 2025to 15 Sep 2025
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 35 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Study population: All participants are highly active soccer players (i.e., >1000 MET-min·week-¹) and compete at national-level standards.

Who may be able to join

  • Male participants
  • Aged 18 years or older
  • Non-smokers
  • Injury-free for the past 6 months
  • Medication-free for the past 6 months
  • Abstinent from alcohol
  • Living at an altitude below 1500 meters
  • Committed exclusively to soccer (no participation in other sports)

Who cannot join

  • History of serious injuries (e.g., fractures, ligament tears) within the past 6 months
  • Chronic medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or respiratory disorders
  • Current use of performance-enhancing drugs or supplements
  • Participation in non-soccer-related sports or activities during the study period

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Greece1 site
  • School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

    Athens, Daphni, 17237

Other trials in Greece

About this study

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of varying friendly match-play exposure during the late pre-season on physiological, biochemical, and performance adaptations in soccer players. It is hypothesized that (i) significant changes will occur across the pre-season in both the extended- and limited-play groups when analysed independently; (ii) distinct group-specific adaptations will emerge by the end of the preparatory period; and (iii) match-play exposure, when analysed across all participants, will be significantly correlated with physiological and performance outcomes at pre-season completion. Players from a randomly selected team will be assessed at three time points: pre-season start, mid-pre-season (MPS), and pre-competition phase (PC). Assessments will include anthropometry, physical performance, and markers of muscle damage, inflammation, hormonal status, and haematology. Based on the total match-play time of 8 friendly games during the late pre-season, players will be retrospectively categorised into extended-play (EP) and limited-play (LP) cohorts.time of 8 friendly games during the late pre-season, players will be retrospectively categorised into extended-play (EP) and limited-play (LP) cohorts.

Being tested
Friendly Match-Play Exposure: extended vs. limited
Keywords
Pre-season training, Match-play exposure, Physiological adaptation, Biochemical markers, Recovery strategies, Training intensity, Physiological stress, Football, Aerobic-anaerobic, Effect, Athletic, Performance adaptation
Medical subject headings
Inflammation

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Friendly Match-Play Exposure: extended vs. limitedOther

    This research explores the multidimensional physiological and biochemical responses to differing volumes of friendly match-play (i.e., extended vs. limited) during the late pre-season phase in soccer players.

Study groups in NCT07170930
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Extended-PlayParticipants with higher cumulative friendly match-play exposure during the late pre-season phase.
Receives: Other: Friendly Match-Play Exposure: extended vs. limited
Limited-PlayParticipants with lower cumulative friendly match-play exposure during the late pre-season phase.
Receives: Other: Friendly Match-Play Exposure: extended vs. limited

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Body Mass

    Description: Body mass measured at standard anatomical sites using a calibrated scale to track longitudinal changes over the pre-season.

    Unit of Measure: kg

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  2. Body Fat

    Description: Body fat percentage measured using skinfold calipers at standard sites to monitor longitudinal changes.

    Unit of Measure: %

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  3. Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

    Description: Participants rate exertion during standardized training sessions using the Borg Scale (6 = no exertion, 20 = maximal exertion).

    Unit of Measure: Borg 6-20 scale

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  4. Glucose

    Description: Fasting blood glucose measured to track metabolic changes over pre-season.

    Unit of Measure: mg/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  5. Cholesterol

    Description: Total serum cholesterol measured to assess lipid profile adaptations.

    Unit of Measure: mg/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  6. Triglycerides

    Description: Serum triglycerides measured to monitor metabolic response to training.

    Unit of Measure: mg/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  7. SGOT (AST)

    Description: Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase measured to assess liver/muscle stress.

    Unit of Measure: U/L

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  8. SGPT (ALT)

    Description: Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase measured to monitor liver/muscle stress.

    Unit of Measure: U/L

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  9. Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)

    Description: CPK measured to detect skeletal muscle damage.

    Unit of Measure: U/L

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  10. Myoglobin

    Description: Myoglobin measured as a marker of muscle damage.

    Unit of Measure: ng/mL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  11. Iron

    Description: Serum iron measured to assess iron status.

    Unit of Measure: µg/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  12. Ferritin

    Description: Serum ferritin measured to monitor iron storage.

    Unit of Measure: ng/mL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  13. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

    Description: CRP measured as a marker of systemic inflammation.

    Unit of Measure: mg/L

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  14. High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP)

    Description: hs-CRP measured to detect low-grade inflammation.

    Unit of Measure: mg/L

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  15. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

    Description: IL-6 measured from serum to assess inflammatory response.

    Unit of Measure: pg/mL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  16. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)

    Description: TNF-α measured as a marker of systemic inflammation.

    Unit of Measure: pg/mL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  17. Testosterone

    Description: Serum testosterone measured to assess hormonal adaptations.

    Unit of Measure: ng/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  18. Cortisol

    Description: Serum cortisol measured to monitor stress response.

    Unit of Measure: µg/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  19. Testosterone-Cortisol Ratio

    Description: Calculated ratio to estimate anabolic-catabolic balance.

    Unit of Measure: Ratio

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  20. Red Blood Cells (RBC)

    Description: RBC count measured from blood to assess oxygen transport capacity.

    Unit of Measure: million cells/µL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  21. Hemoglobin

    Description: Hemoglobin measured to evaluate oxygen-carrying capacity.

    Unit of Measure: g/dL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  22. Hematocrit

    Description: Hematocrit measured as percentage of RBC in blood.

    Unit of Measure: %

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  23. White Blood Cells (WBC)

    Description: WBC count measured to monitor immune function.

    Unit of Measure: cells/µL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  24. Platelets

    Description: Platelet count measured to assess hematological health.

    Unit of Measure: cells/µL

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  25. Countermovement Jump Height

    Description: Jump height measured (cm) to assess lower-limb explosive power.

    Unit of Measure: cm

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  26. Knee Extensor Power, Dominant Leg

    Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer.

    Unit of Measure: Watts

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  27. Knee Extensor Power, Non-Dominant Leg

    Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer.

    Unit of Measure: Watts

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  28. Knee Flexor Power, Dominant Leg

    Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer.

    Unit of Measure: Watts

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  29. Knee Flexor Power, Non-Dominant Leg

    Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer.

    Unit of Measure: Watts

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  30. 10-m Sprint Time

    Description: Sprint time measured using photocell gates; lower times indicate better performance.

    Unit of Measure: seconds

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

  31. T-Test Agility

    Description: Participants perform T-test agility course; lower times indicate better agility.

    Unit of Measure: seconds

    Measured: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted12 Sep 2025
  2. Study start1 Jul 2025
  3. Primary completion15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
  4. Study completion15 Sep 2025 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrolment
24 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07170930
Sponsor's protocol ID
ERC-002/2023
Status last verified
Jun 2025
First submitted
1 Jul 2025
Last updated
19 Sep 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Athletic Performance and Soccer, run by Emmanouil D. Zacharakis at 1 site in Greece.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Greece. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Body Mass (time frame: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).). The study lists 31 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Sep 2025.

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