Chronic Ankle InstabilityNCT07171398
Impact of Chronic Ankle Instability on Jumping and Agility in Athletes
An observational study of Chronic Ankle Instability and Ankle Sprain, run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study investigated how chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects functional performance in athletes compared with healthy controls. CAI is a condition that develops after repeated ankle sprains, leading to ongoing "giving way" episodes, pain, and reduced stability. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Ankle Instability, Ankle Sprain, Functional Performance Deficit
- What is being tested?
- Functional Performance Testing Battery
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Mar 2024to 10 Aug 2024
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Thirty-two athletes (16 with chronic ankle instability, 16 healthy controls) aged 18-30 years, recruited from volleyball, basketball, and soccer teams. Participants were matched for training background and sport exposure, with both groups averaging ≥5 years of training history and ≥3 hours of weekly participation.
Who may be able to join
- CAI Group:
- History of at least one significant lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months prior to testing
- At least 2 episodes of ankle "giving way" in the past 6 months
- Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score ≤24
- Minimum of 5 years of sports participation and ≥3 hours of training per week
- No history of ankle sprain or ankle instability
Show all 9Show fewer
- CAIT score ≥25
- Matched to CAI group by age, sex, and sport participation
- Minimum of 5 years of sports participation and ≥3 hours of training per week
Who cannot join
- History of fracture, surgery, or major injury in the lower extremity within the past year
- Musculoskeletal injury in the knee, hip, or back in the past 3 months
- Neurological or vestibular disorders affecting balance or movement
- Acute ankle pain, swelling, or inflammation at time of testing
- Current use of orthotics or ankle braces during performance testing
- Systemic or cardiovascular disease preventing safe participation
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
University of Health Sciences
Ankara, Etlik, 06200
About this study
Official title: Impact of Chronic Ankle Instability on Jumping and Agility Performance in Athletes: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
This study investigated how chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects functional performance in athletes compared with healthy controls. CAI is a condition that develops after repeated ankle sprains, leading to ongoing "giving way" episodes, pain, and reduced stability.
A total of 32 athletes participated: 16 with CAI and 16 healthy, age- and sport-matched controls. Participants performed a series of sport-specific functional performance tests, including single-leg hop tests, triple crossover hop, lateral hop, 6-meter timed hop, side jump, countermovement jump (CMJ), the 5-10-5 agility test, and the acceleration-deceleration-acceleration (ADA) test. The Deepsport AI program was used for precise measurement of jumping and agility parameters.
Read more
Results showed that athletes with CAI had significantly lower jump height and power, reduced hop distances, and slower times in agility and hopping tests compared to controls. These findings suggest that CAI negatively impacts performance in explosive and multidirectional movements, which are essential in sports such as basketball, volleyball, and soccer. No strong correlation was found between CAIT (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) scores and objective performance outcomes, suggesting that subjective reports alone may not fully capture functional deficits.
This study highlights the importance of using both subjective questionnaires and objective tests to evaluate ankle instability in athletes. It also supports the need for rehabilitation programs that include not only balance and proprioception training but also specific exercises to improve jumping, agility, and multidirectional performance.
Read the detailed description
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a frequent consequence of lateral ankle sprains, affecting up to 74% of athletes with previous ankle injuries. It is characterized by recurrent sprains, repeated "giving way" episodes, reduced function, and impaired performance. While CAI has been extensively studied in relation to balance and proprioception, its direct effects on sport-specific performance metrics such as jumping and agility remain less clear.
In this cross-sectional case-control study, 32 athletes were enrolled: 16 athletes with CAI and 16 matched healthy athletes with no history of ankle instability. The CAI group was diagnosed using International Ankle Consortium (IAC) criteria (history of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months prior, ≥2 giving way episodes in the past 6 months, CAIT score ≤24, ≥5 years of sports participation). Controls had CAIT scores ≥25 and no ankle injury history.
The testing battery included:
Hop tests: single-leg hop, 6-meter timed hop, triple crossover hop, and lateral hop.
Agility tests: 5-10-5 pro-agility shuttle and acceleration-deceleration-acceleration (ADA) test.
Jump tests: countermovement jump (height, flight time, power) and side jump test.
Measurements were supported by the Deepsport AI program for objective performance analysis.
- Conditions
- Chronic Ankle Instability, Ankle Sprain, Functional Performance Deficit, Athletic Performance
- Being tested
- Functional Performance Testing Battery
- Keywords
- Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), Lateral Ankle Sprain, Functional Performance Tests, Jumping Ability, Agility, Hop Tests, Countermovement Jump (CMJ), 5-10-5 Agility Test, Deepsport AI Analysis, Volleyball, Basketball, Soccer Athletes
- Medical subject headings
- Ankle Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Functional Performance Testing BatteryOther
Participants performed a standardized battery of sport-specific performance tests during a single laboratory session, including:
Countermovement Jump (height, power, flight time)
5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle Test
Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) Test
Side Jump Test
6-Meter Timed Hop Test
Single-Leg Hop Test
Triple Crossover Hop Test
Lateral Hop Test Performance was assessed using the Deepsport AI program and standard timing/distance protocols. Results compared between CAI and control cohorts.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) | 16 athletes (9 female, 7 male) with chronic ankle instability. History of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months ago, ≥2 "giving way" episodes in last 6 months, CAIT score ≤24, ≥5 years sport participation (≥3 h/week training). Receives: Other: Functional Performance Testing Battery | |
| Healthy Control (CG) | 16 athletes (3 female, 13 male) without history of ankle sprain or instability. CAIT score ≥25, age/sex/sport matched to CAI group, ≥5 years sport participation (≥3 h/week training). Receives: Other: Functional Performance Testing Battery |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Countermovement Jump - Jump Height
Jump height (cm) measured during countermovement jump using Deepsport AI. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Measured: Single laboratory session (~60 minutes)
Countermovement Jump - Flight Time
Flight time (s) measured during countermovement jump with Deepsport AI. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Measured: Single laboratory session
Countermovement Jump - Power Output
Power output (W) calculated from CMJ using Deepsport AI (jump force-time algorithm). Best of 3 trials recorded.
Measured: Single laboratory session
5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle - Completion Time
Total completion time (s) for the 5-10-5 shuttle test, measured with electronic timing gates. Best of 2 trials recorded.
Measured: Single session
Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) - Total Time
Total sprint time (s) across 10 m acceleration, 5 m deceleration, and 10 m re-acceleration, measured with Deepsport AI.
Measured: Single session
Side Jump Test - Completion Time
Time (s) to complete 10 consecutive lateral single-leg jumps across a line. Best attempt recorded.
Measured: Single session
6-Meter Timed Hop - Completion Time
Time (s) to hop forward 6 meters on one leg, measured with stopwatch. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Measured: Single session
Single-Leg Hop - Completion Time
Time (s) to hop forward 6 meters on one leg. Best of 3 attempts recorded.
Measured: Single session
Triple Crossover Hop - Distance
Distance (m) covered in 3 consecutive crossover hops over a 15 cm line. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Measured: Single session
Lateral Hop Test - Distance
Distance (m) covered in 3 consecutive lateral hops on one leg. Best of 3 attempts recorded.
Measured: Single session
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Sep 2025
- Study start10 Mar 2024
- Primary completion12 Jun 2024
- Study completion10 Aug 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Chronic Ankle InstabilityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi, Australian Catholic University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07171398
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 821c0699143e44f4
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 6 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) from this study, including raw test results (jumping, agility, hop test outcomes), CAIT questionnaire scores, and baseline demographic data (age, sex, sport background), will be shared upon reasonable request for academic research purposes.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Chronic Ankle Instability on Jumping and Agility Performance in Athletes: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07171398
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 821c0699143e44f4
- Conditions
- Chronic Ankle Instability, Ankle Sprain, Functional Performance Deficit, Athletic Performance
- Keywords
- Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), Lateral Ankle Sprain, Functional Performance Tests, Jumping Ability, Agility, Hop Tests, Countermovement Jump (CMJ), 5-10-5 Agility Test
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi, Australian Catholic University
- Study start
- 10 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Aug 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigated how chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects functional performance in athletes compared with healthy controls. CAI is a condition that develops after repeated ankle sprains, leading to ongoing "giving way" episodes, pain, and reduced stability.
A total of 32 athletes participated: 16 with CAI and 16 healthy, age- and sport-matched controls. Participants performed a series of sport-specific functional performance tests, including single-leg hop tests, triple crossover hop, lateral hop, 6-meter timed hop, side jump, countermovement jump (CMJ), the 5-10-5 agility test, and the acceleration-deceleration-acceleration (ADA) test. The Deepsport AI program was used for precise measurement of jumping and agility parameters.
Results showed that athletes with CAI had significantly lower jump height and power, reduced hop distances, and slower times in agility and hopping tests compared to controls. These findings suggest that CAI negatively impacts performance in explosive and multidirectional movements, which are essential in sports such as basketball, volleyball, and soccer. No strong correlation was found between CAIT (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) scores and objective performance outcomes, suggesting that subjective reports alone may not fully capture functional deficits.
This study highlights the importance of using both subjective questionnaires and objective tests to evaluate ankle instability in athletes. It also supports the need for rehabilitation programs that include not only balance and proprioception training but also specific exercises to improve jumping, agility, and multidirectional performance.
Detailed description
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a frequent consequence of lateral ankle sprains, affecting up to 74% of athletes with previous ankle injuries. It is characterized by recurrent sprains, repeated "giving way" episodes, reduced function, and impaired performance. While CAI has been extensively studied in relation to balance and proprioception, its direct effects on sport-specific performance metrics such as jumping and agility remain less clear.
In this cross-sectional case-control study, 32 athletes were enrolled: 16 athletes with CAI and 16 matched healthy athletes with no history of ankle instability. The CAI group was diagnosed using International Ankle Consortium (IAC) criteria (history of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months prior, ≥2 giving way episodes in the past 6 months, CAIT score ≤24, ≥5 years of sports participation). Controls had CAIT scores ≥25 and no ankle injury history.
The testing battery included:
Hop tests: single-leg hop, 6-meter timed hop, triple crossover hop, and lateral hop.
Agility tests: 5-10-5 pro-agility shuttle and acceleration-deceleration-acceleration (ADA) test.
Jump tests: countermovement jump (height, flight time, power) and side jump test.
Measurements were supported by the Deepsport AI program for objective performance analysis.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) | – | Other: Functional Performance Testing Battery16 athletes (9 female, 7 male) with chronic ankle instability. History of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months ago, ≥2 "giving way" episodes in last 6 months, CAIT score ≤24, ≥5 years sport participation (≥3 h/week training). |
| Healthy Control (CG) | – | Other: Functional Performance Testing Battery16 athletes (3 female, 13 male) without history of ankle sprain or instability. CAIT score ≥25, age/sex/sport matched to CAI group, ≥5 years sport participation (≥3 h/week training). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Thirty-two athletes (16 with chronic ankle instability, 16 healthy controls) aged 18-30 years, recruited from volleyball, basketball, and soccer teams. Participants were matched for training background and sport exposure, with both groups averaging ≥5 years of training history and ≥3 hours of weekly participation.
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- CAI Group:
- History of at least one significant lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months prior to testing
- At least 2 episodes of ankle "giving way" in the past 6 months
- Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score ≤24
- Minimum of 5 years of sports participation and ≥3 hours of training per week
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of fracture, surgery, or major injury in the lower extremity within the past year
- Musculoskeletal injury in the knee, hip, or back in the past 3 months
- Neurological or vestibular disorders affecting balance or movement
- Acute ankle pain, swelling, or inflammation at time of testing
- Current use of orthotics or ankle braces during performance testing
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Performance Testing BatteryParticipants performed a standardized battery of sport-specific performance tests during a single laboratory session, including: Countermovement Jump (height, power, flight time) 5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle Test Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) Test Side Jump Test 6-Meter Timed Hop Test Single-Leg Hop Test Triple Crossover Hop Test Lateral Hop Test Performance was assessed using the Deepsport AI program and standard timing/distance protocols. Results compared between CAI and control cohorts. | Other | Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), Healthy Control (CG) |
Primary outcome
Countermovement Jump - Jump Height
Time frame: Single laboratory session (~60 minutes)
Jump height (cm) measured during countermovement jump using Deepsport AI. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Countermovement Jump - Flight Time
Time frame: Single laboratory session
Flight time (s) measured during countermovement jump with Deepsport AI. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Countermovement Jump - Power Output
Time frame: Single laboratory session
Power output (W) calculated from CMJ using Deepsport AI (jump force-time algorithm). Best of 3 trials recorded.
5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle - Completion Time
Time frame: Single session
Total completion time (s) for the 5-10-5 shuttle test, measured with electronic timing gates. Best of 2 trials recorded.
Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) - Total Time
Time frame: Single session
Total sprint time (s) across 10 m acceleration, 5 m deceleration, and 10 m re-acceleration, measured with Deepsport AI.
Side Jump Test - Completion Time
Time frame: Single session
Time (s) to complete 10 consecutive lateral single-leg jumps across a line. Best attempt recorded.
6-Meter Timed Hop - Completion Time
Time frame: Single session
Time (s) to hop forward 6 meters on one leg, measured with stopwatch. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Single-Leg Hop - Completion Time
Time frame: Single session
Time (s) to hop forward 6 meters on one leg. Best of 3 attempts recorded.
Triple Crossover Hop - Distance
Time frame: Single session
Distance (m) covered in 3 consecutive crossover hops over a 15 cm line. Best of 3 trials recorded.
Lateral Hop Test - Distance
Time frame: Single session
Distance (m) covered in 3 consecutive lateral hops on one leg. Best of 3 attempts recorded.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Sep 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (IPD) from this study, including raw test results (jumping, agility, hop test outcomes), CAIT questionnaire scores, and baseline demographic data (age, sex, sport background), will be shared upon reasonable request for academic research purposes.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Chronic Ankle Instability and Ankle Sprain, run by Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Countermovement Jump - Jump Height (time frame: Single laboratory session (~60 minutes)). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Sep 2025.