MasculinityNCT07192406
Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Indonesian Nursing Students: A Psychometric Testing
An observational study of Masculinity and Nursing, run by Kaohsiung Medical University at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 17 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Masculinity, Nursing, Scale Reliability Validity
- How many people
- 672 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 23 Sep 2025to 30 Nov 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 17 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: all nursing students are in indonesia national wide
Who may be able to join
- nursing student
- more than 17 years
- fluent in the Indonesian language
Who cannot join
- catastropic condition
- gap year during study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Indonesia1 site
School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang
Subang, West Java, 41211
About this study
Official title: Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Nursing Students in Indonesia: A Psychometric Testing Study
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.
Read the detailed description
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.
Key steps included: Translation and back-translation of the original scale, Content validation by experts in gender studies and nursing education, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA \& CFA) to test construct validity and Reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency
- Conditions
- Masculinity, Nursing, Scale Reliability Validity, Student
- Keywords
- nursing, masculinity, student, psychometry, scale
- Medical subject headings
- Masculinity
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Toxic Masculinity
The Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS-28) measures endorsement of harmful masculine norms across four domains: Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, and Repressed Suffering. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in male dominance, rigid gender binaries, emotional suppression, and avoidance of help when in pain. In validation samples, average scores were around 58 (on a 28-140 range), suggesting generally low-to-moderate endorsement. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability (α ≈ .93) and strong validity, correlating positively with traditional masculinity norms and negatively with feminist attitudes. These outcomes help identify patterns of toxic masculinity that may impact well-being and relationships.
Measured: one time
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Sep 2025
- Study start23 Sep 2025
- Primary completion30 Nov 2025
- Study completion30 Nov 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MasculinityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 672 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Yudisa Diaz Lutfi Sandi, Kaohsiung Medical University
- Investigators
- Novi S Nursafitri, RN, Principal investigator, School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07192406
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 25.7.24
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 27 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Individual Participant Data (IPD) will not be shared due to confidentiality concerns and ethical restrictions outlined in the informed consent process. Participants were assured that their data would only be used for the purposes of this study and would not be shared publicly or with third parties.
Publications
Sanders SM, Garcia-Aguilera C, Borgogna NC, Sy JRT, Comoglio G, Schultz OAM, Goldman J. The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Nov 14;14(11):1096. doi: 10.3390/bs14111096.
PubMed 39594396Parent MC, Gobble TD, Rochlen A. Social Media Behavior, Toxic Masculinity, and Depression. Psychol Men Masc. 2019 Jul;20(3):277-287. doi: 10.1037/men0000156. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
PubMed 38250140Jbilou J, Levesque N, Sonier RP, Tully PJ, Pinette-Drapeau I, Sonier V, Charbonneau A, Greenman PS, Grenier J, Chomienne MH. Canadian French Translation and Preliminary Validation of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health. 2021 Nov-Dec;15(6):15579883211057391. doi: 10.1177/15579883211057391.
PubMed 34836484Levant RF, McDermott R, Parent MC, Alshabani N, Mahalik JR, Hammer JH. Development and evaluation of a new short form of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-30). J Couns Psychol. 2020 Oct;67(5):622-636. doi: 10.1037/cou0000414. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
PubMed 32011153
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Nursing Students in Indonesia: A Psychometric Testing Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07192406
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 25.7.24
- Conditions
- Masculinity, Nursing, Scale Reliability Validity, Student
- Keywords
- nursing, masculinity, student, psychometry, scale
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 672 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kaohsiung Medical UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.
Detailed description
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.
Key steps included: Translation and back-translation of the original scale, Content validation by experts in gender studies and nursing education, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA \& CFA) to test construct validity and Reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 17 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- all nursing students are in indonesia national wide
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- nursing student
- more than 17 years
- fluent in the Indonesian language
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- catastropic condition
- gap year during study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Toxic Masculinity
Time frame: one time
The Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS-28) measures endorsement of harmful masculine norms across four domains: Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, and Repressed Suffering. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in male dominance, rigid gender binaries, emotional suppression, and avoidance of help when in pain. In validation samples, average scores were around 58 (on a 28-140 range), suggesting generally low-to-moderate endorsement. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability (α ≈ .93) and strong validity, correlating positively with traditional masculinity norms and negatively with feminist attitudes. These outcomes help identify patterns of toxic masculinity that may impact well-being and relationships.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Jan 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 39594396Sanders SM, Garcia-Aguilera C, Borgogna NC, Sy JRT, Comoglio G, Schultz OAM, Goldman J. The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Nov 14;14(11):1096. doi: 10.3390/bs14111096.
- Results publication: PubMed 38250140Parent MC, Gobble TD, Rochlen A. Social Media Behavior, Toxic Masculinity, and Depression. Psychol Men Masc. 2019 Jul;20(3):277-287. doi: 10.1037/men0000156. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
- Results publication: PubMed 34836484Jbilou J, Levesque N, Sonier RP, Tully PJ, Pinette-Drapeau I, Sonier V, Charbonneau A, Greenman PS, Grenier J, Chomienne MH. Canadian French Translation and Preliminary Validation of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health. 2021 Nov-Dec;15(6):15579883211057391. doi: 10.1177/15579883211057391.
- Results publication: PubMed 32011153Levant RF, McDermott R, Parent MC, Alshabani N, Mahalik JR, Hammer JH. Development and evaluation of a new short form of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-30). J Couns Psychol. 2020 Oct;67(5):622-636. doi: 10.1037/cou0000414. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Individual Participant Data (IPD) will not be shared due to confidentiality concerns and ethical restrictions outlined in the informed consent process. Participants were assured that their data would only be used for the purposes of this study and would not be shared publicly or with third parties.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Novi S Nursafitri, RN principal investigator
School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Masculinity and Nursing, run by Kaohsiung Medical University at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Toxic Masculinity (time frame: one time). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07192406, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Jan 2026.