Cesarean Section ComplicationsNCT07192718
Using Empowered Relief and Education To Help Postpartum Women Recover After Cesarean Delivery
A study testing Empowered Relief and Education in people with Cesarean Section Complications and Postpartum Care, run by Stanford University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to study the effect of a pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and educational content on global postpartum recovery at 12 weeks post cesarean delivery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Cesarean Section Complications, Postpartum Care
- What is being tested?
- Empowered Relief and Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 2 Dec 2025to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Females 18 years of age or older
- Any woman scheduled for a cesarean delivery in the Stanford Healthcare system with a viable birth
- English fluency
- Ability to adhere to and complete study protocols
- Access to smart device for zoom / video meetings
Who cannot join
- <18yrs
- chronic pain prior to pregnancy
- Cognitive impairment, non-English speaking, or psychological factors that would preclude comprehension of material and/or full participation in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: A Pilot Feasibility Trial for a Comprehensive Multimodal Intervention to Assess Global Recovery Following Cesarean Delivery
The purpose of this study is to study the effect of a pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and educational content on global postpartum recovery at 12 weeks post cesarean delivery.
Read the detailed description
study design was amended
- Conditions
- Cesarean Section Complications, Postpartum Care
- Being tested
- Empowered Relief, Education
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Empowered ReliefBehavioural
Also called 1-Session Pain Relief Skills Intervention
The participants will attend a pain relief skills intervention (Empowered Relief). The two-hour session is delivered by a certified instructor and includes pain neuroscience education, 3 core pain management skills, experiential exercises, completion of a personalized plan for empowered relief. Participants download a binaural relaxation audio file for daily use.
EducationOther
Educational content: Participants view videos online focusing on specific areas of postpartum recovery (Sleep, Mental Health, Physical Therapy, Obstetric care).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1-Session pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and Education | Experimental | Participants will view educational content online on postpartum care and attend a 2 hour Empowered Relief session at the beginning of the study period.
Standard of care will be maintained for all participants, and supplemented with Educational content and Empowered Relief. Receives: Behavioral: Empowered Relief; Other: Education |
| Standard of Care | No intervention | Participants will follow their current standard of care. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of participants registering for Empowered Relief session
Measured: Baseline (up to 4 weeks)
Percentage of participants attending Empowered Relief session
Measured: Treatment (up to 4 weeks)
Empowered Relief: Participant Satisfaction Scale Score
Participant satisfaction will be measured using a 7 item questionnaire (scale ranges from 0 - 42, higher ratings represent greater satisfaction with the treatment).
Measured: Week 1- 4 Post treatment
Empowered Relief: Participant Treatment Skills Use Scale Score
Participant treatment skills use will be measured with a 5 items questionnaire (scale ranges from 0 - 25, higher ratings represent increased time using treatment).
Measured: Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Percentage of participants watching educational content
Measured: Treatment (up to 4 weeks)
Percentage of participants watching educational content post delivery
Measured: Week 5 - 16
Educational content: Participant Satisfaction Scale Score
Participant satisfaction will be measured using a 7 item questionnaire with three scored items: overall usefulness (0-6), the usefulness rating of each module (0-6), and frequency of use (0-3). The composite score ranges from 0-15, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction and use. Additional checklist and free-text items capture engagement but are not included in the score.
Measured: Week 1- 4 Post treatment, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Secondary outcomes (7)
Change from baseline in PROMIS Pain Interference 8a scale score
Participants complete Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Outcomes System (PROMIS) Pain Interference 8a questionnaire, an 8-item scale assessing pain interference with life enjoyment, concentration, and daily activities over the past 7 days. (Score range 8 - 40, higher scores represent a greater degree of pain interference).
Measured: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in PROMIS Pain Intensity 3a scale score
Participants complete PROMIS Pain Intensity 3a questionnaire, a 3-item scale assessing average pain intensity for the past 7 days. (Score range 3 - 15, higher score represents a greater degree of pain intensity)
Measured: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in Pain Catastrophizing Scale Score
Participants complete Pain Catastrophizing questionnaire, a 13-item scale assessing an individual's pain experience (Score range 0 - 52, higher score represents a greater degree of pain catastrophizing)
Measured: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 8a scale score
Participants complete Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Outcomes System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance 8a questionnaire, an 8-item scale assessing self-reported perceptions of sleep quality, sleep depth, restoration, perceived difficulties and concerns with getting to sleep/staying asleep, as well as perceptions of the adequacy and satisfaction with sleep over the past 7 days. (Score range 8 - 40, higher scores represent a greater degree of sleep disturbance).
Measured: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in Pain Interference Scale Score via SMS
Participants complete twice weekly questionnaire to assess pain interference via SMS. (Score range 0 - 10, higher score represents a greater degree of interference)
Measured: Baseline through end of study (up to 16 weeks)
Response rate to Pain Interference scale score via SMS
This outcome determines the percentage of participants responding to the twice weekly pain interference scale score via SMS text.
Measured: Baseline through end of study (up to 16 weeks)
Change from baseline in STanford Obstetric Recovery checKlist (STORK) scale score
Participants complete the STORK questionnaire, a 47-item scale assessing postpartum recovery over the past 7 days. (Score range 0 - 188, higher score represents a greater degree of recovery)
Measured: Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Sep 2025
- Study start2 Dec 2025
- Primary completionDec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cesarean Section ComplicationsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Stanford UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Stanford University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Pervez Sultan, Stanford University
- Investigators
- Pervez Sultan, Principal investigator, Stanford University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07192718
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 80489
- Other IDs
- 5R90HD118650
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 21 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).
Publications
Ciechanowicz S, Joy RR, Kasmirski J, Blake L, Carvalho B, Sultan P. Incidence, Severity, and Interference of Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2025 Jun;104:111832. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111832. Epub 2025 Apr 24.
PubMed 40279839Sultan P, Pandal P, Murthy A, Guo N, Farber MK, Toledo P, Higgins N, Fiore JF Jr, Domingue BW, Khorasani E, Jensen SE, Lyell DJ, Carvalho B; Stanford Obstetric Recovery Checklist (STORK) Investigators. Development and Validation of the Stanford Obstetric Recovery Checklist (STORK): A Delphi Consensus and Multicenter Clinical Validation Study. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 1;8(4):e255713. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5713.
PubMed 40244582
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Pilot Feasibility Trial for a Comprehensive Multimodal Intervention to Assess Global Recovery Following Cesarean Delivery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07192718
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 80489
- Conditions
- Cesarean Section Complications, Postpartum Care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Stanford UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study start
- 2 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to study the effect of a pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and educational content on global postpartum recovery at 12 weeks post cesarean delivery.
Detailed description
study design was amended
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1-Session pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and Education | Experimental | Behavioral: Empowered Relief, Other: EducationParticipants will view educational content online on postpartum care and attend a 2 hour Empowered Relief session at the beginning of the study period. Standard of care will be maintained for all participants, and supplemented with Educational content and Empowered Relief. |
| Standard of Care | No intervention | –Participants will follow their current standard of care. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Females 18 years of age or older
- Any woman scheduled for a cesarean delivery in the Stanford Healthcare system with a viable birth
- English fluency
- Ability to adhere to and complete study protocols
- Access to smart device for zoom / video meetings
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- <18yrs
- chronic pain prior to pregnancy
- Cognitive impairment, non-English speaking, or psychological factors that would preclude comprehension of material and/or full participation in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Empowered ReliefAlso: 1-Session Pain Relief Skills InterventionThe participants will attend a pain relief skills intervention (Empowered Relief). The two-hour session is delivered by a certified instructor and includes pain neuroscience education, 3 core pain management skills, experiential exercises, completion of a personalized plan for empowered relief. Participants download a binaural relaxation audio file for daily use. | Behavioural | 1-Session pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and Education |
| EducationEducational content: Participants view videos online focusing on specific areas of postpartum recovery (Sleep, Mental Health, Physical Therapy, Obstetric care). | Other | 1-Session pain relief skills session (Empowered Relief) and Education |
Primary outcome
Percentage of participants registering for Empowered Relief session
Time frame: Baseline (up to 4 weeks)
Percentage of participants attending Empowered Relief session
Time frame: Treatment (up to 4 weeks)
Empowered Relief: Participant Satisfaction Scale Score
Time frame: Week 1- 4 Post treatment
Participant satisfaction will be measured using a 7 item questionnaire (scale ranges from 0 - 42, higher ratings represent greater satisfaction with the treatment).
Empowered Relief: Participant Treatment Skills Use Scale Score
Time frame: Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Participant treatment skills use will be measured with a 5 items questionnaire (scale ranges from 0 - 25, higher ratings represent increased time using treatment).
Percentage of participants watching educational content
Time frame: Treatment (up to 4 weeks)
Percentage of participants watching educational content post delivery
Time frame: Week 5 - 16
Educational content: Participant Satisfaction Scale Score
Time frame: Week 1- 4 Post treatment, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Participant satisfaction will be measured using a 7 item questionnaire with three scored items: overall usefulness (0-6), the usefulness rating of each module (0-6), and frequency of use (0-3). The composite score ranges from 0-15, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction and use. Additional checklist and free-text items capture engagement but are not included in the score.
7 secondary outcomes
Change from baseline in PROMIS Pain Interference 8a scale score
Time frame: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in PROMIS Pain Intensity 3a scale score
Time frame: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in Pain Catastrophizing Scale Score
Time frame: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 8a scale score
Time frame: Baseline, Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Change from baseline in Pain Interference Scale Score via SMS
Time frame: Baseline through end of study (up to 16 weeks)
Response rate to Pain Interference scale score via SMS
Time frame: Baseline through end of study (up to 16 weeks)
Change from baseline in STanford Obstetric Recovery checKlist (STORK) scale score
Time frame: Week 5, Week 10, Week 16
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 40279839Ciechanowicz S, Joy RR, Kasmirski J, Blake L, Carvalho B, Sultan P. Incidence, Severity, and Interference of Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2025 Jun;104:111832. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111832. Epub 2025 Apr 24.
- Background: PubMed 40244582Sultan P, Pandal P, Murthy A, Guo N, Farber MK, Toledo P, Higgins N, Fiore JF Jr, Domingue BW, Khorasani E, Jensen SE, Lyell DJ, Carvalho B; Stanford Obstetric Recovery Checklist (STORK) Investigators. Development and Validation of the Stanford Obstetric Recovery Checklist (STORK): A Delphi Consensus and Multicenter Clinical Validation Study. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 1;8(4):e255713. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.5713.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).
Related trials for Cesarean Section Complications
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Carbetocin Monotherapy Versus Carbetocin Plus Oxytocin Infusion in Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Non-Inferiority Trial
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Pervez Sultan principal investigator
Stanford University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Empowered Relief and Education in people with Cesarean Section Complications and Postpartum Care, run by Stanford University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of participants registering for Empowered Relief session (time frame: Baseline (up to 4 weeks)). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07192718, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Sep 2026.