Primary DysmenorrheaNCT07196150
Exercise, Motor Imagery, and Pain Neuroscience Education for Primary Dysmenorrhea
A study testing Exercise Program, Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training and Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education in people with Primary Dysmenorrhea, run by Muge Dereli at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to find out whether exercise, motor imagery training, and pain neuroscience education can help reduce menstrual pain and improve well-being in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Primary Dysmenorrhea
- What is being tested?
- Exercise Program, Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training and Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 67 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Feb 2025to 5 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Female, aged 18-25 years
- Gynecological examination and ultrasound confirming absence of pelvic pathology
- History of primary dysmenorrhea for at least 6 months, with pain intensity ≥4 on the Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) during the first 3 days of menstruation
- Regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days)
- Nulliparous (no history of pregnancy or childbirth)
- No systemic, metabolic, rheumatologic, or lumbar pathology
- Willingness to participate in the 8-week intervention program and attend follow-up assessments
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea (e.g., endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts)
- Current pregnancy or planning to become pregnant during the study period
- History of pelvic or abdominal surgery
- History of sexually transmitted diseases
- Current use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, or hormonal therapy (e.g., oral contraceptives, intrauterine device)
- Known neurological, psychiatric, or systemic musculoskeletal disorders
Show all 9Show fewer
- Cognitive impairment or attention deficit that may interfere with participation
- Participation in regular exercise in the last 6 months
- Use of alternative therapies for dysmenorrhea (e.g., acupuncture, massage)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effects of Exercise, Motor Imagery Training, and Pain Neuroscience Education on Pain, Menstrual Symptoms, and Cognitive Flexibility in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to find out whether exercise, motor imagery training, and pain neuroscience education can help reduce menstrual pain and improve well-being in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. The study will also look at how these approaches affect menstrual symptoms, movement control, and cognitive flexibility.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does adding motor imagery or pain neuroscience education to an exercise program reduce pain and menstrual symptoms more than exercise alone?
- Do these approaches improve movement control, thinking flexibility, and knowledge about pain?
Researchers will compare three groups:
- Exercise only
- Exercise plus motor imagery training
- Exercise plus pain neuroscience education
Participants will:
- Attend supervised exercise sessions twice a week for 8 weeks
- Practice either motor imagery or receive short pain neuroscience education, depending on their group
- Complete questionnaires and tests before and after the program, during the first three days of menstruation
Read the detailed description
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition characterized by menstrual pain without underlying pathology. It negatively impacts quality of life and may affect cognitive functions such as attention and flexibility. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise, motor imagery, and pain neuroscience education are promising approaches for pain management without side effects. However, evidence on their effectiveness in primary dysmenorrhea is limited.
This randomized controlled trial is designed to compare the effects of three different interventions in young women with primary dysmenorrhea:
- Exercise only (control group)
- Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training
- Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE)
Eligible participants will be women aged 18-25 years who meet the diagnostic criteria for primary dysmenorrhea based on gynecological examination and ultrasound findings. Participants will be randomly assigned into one of the three groups. All groups will undergo an 8-week supervised exercise program (two sessions per week) focusing on lumbopelvic stabilization, flexibility, and endurance training. In addition:
- The Motor Imagery group will practice kinesthetic visualization of the exercises prior to performing them.
- The PNE group will receive weekly face-to-face education sessions on pain mechanisms, supported with home assignments.
Primary outcome measures are:
- Pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale)
- Pressure pain threshold (Baseline dolorimeter)
- Menstrual symptoms (Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire).
Secondary outcome measures are:
- Lumbopelvic motor control (Physiosupplies Core Stabilizer Unit)
- Movement Imagery Questionnaire
- Central Sensitization Inventory
- Cognitive flexibility (Stroop Test)
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale
- Pain Resilience Scale
- Modified Pain Neurophysiology Questionnaire.
Assessments will be conducted at baseline and after the 8-week intervention, within the first three days of menstruation. Additional follow-up data will be collected through online forms one month after the intervention to evaluate persistence of effects.
The estimated sample size of 51 was calculated considering a 10% attrition rate. Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS software. Depending on data distribution, repeated measures ANOVA or non-parametric equivalents will be used to compare changes over time and between groups.
This study is expected to provide new evidence regarding the effectiveness of combining exercise with motor imagery or pain neuroscience education for the management of pain, menstrual symptoms, and cognitive flexibility in women with primary dysmenorrhea. The findings may contribute to the development of safe and effective non-pharmacological strategies in women's health and pain management.
- Conditions
- Primary Dysmenorrhea
- Being tested
- Exercise Program, Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training, Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education
- Keywords
- Primary dysmenorrhea, Menstrual pain, Exercise, Motor imagery, Pain education, Cognition
- Medical subject headings
- Dysmenorrhea, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exercise ProgramBehavioural
Participants will complete an 8-week supervised exercise program, delivered twice per week. The program includes lumbopelvic stabilization, stretching, and endurance training exercises designed to reduce menstrual pain and improve physical function.
Exercise plus Motor Imagery TrainingBehavioural
Participants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program as the Exercise Only group. In addition, they will practice kinesthetic motor imagery of the prescribed movements prior to performing them, aiming to enhance motor control and pain modulation.
Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience EducationBehavioural
Participants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program as the Exercise Only group. In addition, they will receive weekly face-to-face pain neuroscience education sessions focused on pain neurophysiology, supported with home assignments to reinforce learning.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Only | Experimental | Participants will complete an 8-week supervised exercise program including lumbopelvic stabilization, stretching, and endurance training, delivered twice per week. Receives: Behavioral: Exercise Program |
| Exercise + Motor Imagery | Experimental | Participants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program. In addition, they will practice kinesthetic motor imagery of the exercises before performing them. Receives: Behavioral: Exercise Program; Behavioral: Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training |
| Exercise + Pain Neuroscience Education | Experimental | Participants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program. In addition, they will receive weekly face-to-face pain neuroscience education sessions supported by home assignments. Receives: Behavioral: Exercise Program; Behavioral: Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain Intensity
Pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to report their average menstrual pain during the first three days of menstruation.
Measured: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Pressure pain threshold will be measured using a digital algometer (Baseline dolorimeter) applied to the abdominal region and standardized body sites. The minimum pressure (kg/cm²) at which pain is first perceived will be recorded.
Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention (first three days of menstruation)
Menstrual Symptom Severity
Menstrual symptoms (e.g., cramps, headache, back pain, fatigue, mood changes) will be evaluated using the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ). Total and subscale scores will be calculated.
Measured: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Secondary outcomes (7)
Lumbopelvic Motor Control
Lumbopelvic motor control will be assessed using the Physioupplies Core Stabilizer Unit, which measures pressure changes during standardized stabilization tasks.
Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Movement Imagery Ability
Participants' ability to generate and control movement imagery will be assessed using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire. Higher scores indicate better imagery ability.
Measured: Baseline
Central Sensitization
Central sensitization symptoms will be evaluated using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). The total score reflects symptom severity.
Measured: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Cognitive Flexibility
Cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control will be assessed using the EncephalApp Stroop application. Participants will complete the "off" and "on" runs. Primary variables will be total completion time (seconds) and error count; lower times and fewer errors indicate better performance.
Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Pain Catastrophizing
Catastrophic thinking related to pain will be assessed with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, which includes rumination, magnification, and helplessness subscales.
Measured: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Pain Resilience
Resilience in response to pain will be measured using the Pain Resilience Scale. Higher scores indicate better psychological resilience.
Measured: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Pain Neurophysiology Knowledge
Participants' knowledge of pain mechanisms will be evaluated using the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Higher scores indicate greater understanding of pain biology. The questionnaire will be administered to all participants at baseline (before the start of the intervention). In addition, it will be repeated only in the Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) group immediately after the 8-week intervention and 1 month later to evaluate changes in knowledge.
Measured: Baseline (all groups); post-intervention and 1-month follow-up (PNE group only)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Sep 2025
- Study start25 Feb 2025
- Primary completion5 Jun 2026
- Study completion5 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Primary DysmenorrheaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 67 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Muge Dereli
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Muge Dereli, Izmir Katip Celebi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07196150
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IKCU-IRB-0260
- Other IDs
- IRB# 0260
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 28 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (pain intensity scores, pressure pain threshold values, questionnaire results, and demographic data) will be shared
Publications
Louw A, Zimney K, Puentedura EJ, Diener I. The efficacy of pain neuroscience education on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of the literature. Physiother Theory Pract. 2016 Jul;32(5):332-55. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2016.1194646. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
PubMed 27351541Evans S, Dowding C, Olive L, Payne LA, Druitt M, Seidman LC, Skvarc D, Mikocka-Walus A. Pain catastrophizing, but not mental health or social support, is associated with menstrual pain severity in women with dysmenorrhea: A cross-sectional survey. Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jul;27(6):1410-1420. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1948581. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
PubMed 34190659Cuenca-Martinez F, Nieves-Gomez A, Millan-Isasi N, Fuentes-Aparicio L, Sempere-Rubio N. Effects of motor imagery and action observation on pelvic floor and related structures in healthy women: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Mov Sci. 2025 Feb;99:103313. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313. Epub 2024 Dec 2.
PubMed 39626586Kluska J, Malinowska E, Kowalski J. A pilot longitudinal study of decrease in cognitive functions during the most painful day of the period among women with primary dysmenorrhea. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2025 Feb;311(2):341-346. doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07617-9. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
PubMed 38963585Carroquino-Garcia P, Jimenez-Rejano JJ, Medrano-Sanchez E, de la Casa-Almeida M, Diaz-Mohedo E, Suarez-Serrano C. Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2019 Oct 28;99(10):1371-1380. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz101.
PubMed 31665789
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of Exercise, Motor Imagery Training, and Pain Neuroscience Education on Pain, Menstrual Symptoms, and Cognitive Flexibility in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07196150
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IKCU-IRB-0260
- Conditions
- Primary Dysmenorrhea
- Keywords
- Primary dysmenorrhea, Menstrual pain, Exercise, Motor imagery, Pain education, Cognition
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 67 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Muge DereliUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to find out whether exercise, motor imagery training, and pain neuroscience education can help reduce menstrual pain and improve well-being in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. The study will also look at how these approaches affect menstrual symptoms, movement control, and cognitive flexibility.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does adding motor imagery or pain neuroscience education to an exercise program reduce pain and menstrual symptoms more than exercise alone?
- Do these approaches improve movement control, thinking flexibility, and knowledge about pain?
Researchers will compare three groups:
- Exercise only
- Exercise plus motor imagery training
- Exercise plus pain neuroscience education
Participants will:
- Attend supervised exercise sessions twice a week for 8 weeks
- Practice either motor imagery or receive short pain neuroscience education, depending on their group
- Complete questionnaires and tests before and after the program, during the first three days of menstruation
Detailed description
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition characterized by menstrual pain without underlying pathology. It negatively impacts quality of life and may affect cognitive functions such as attention and flexibility. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise, motor imagery, and pain neuroscience education are promising approaches for pain management without side effects. However, evidence on their effectiveness in primary dysmenorrhea is limited.
This randomized controlled trial is designed to compare the effects of three different interventions in young women with primary dysmenorrhea:
- Exercise only (control group)
- Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training
- Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE)
Eligible participants will be women aged 18-25 years who meet the diagnostic criteria for primary dysmenorrhea based on gynecological examination and ultrasound findings. Participants will be randomly assigned into one of the three groups. All groups will undergo an 8-week supervised exercise program (two sessions per week) focusing on lumbopelvic stabilization, flexibility, and endurance training. In addition:
- The Motor Imagery group will practice kinesthetic visualization of the exercises prior to performing them.
- The PNE group will receive weekly face-to-face education sessions on pain mechanisms, supported with home assignments.
Primary outcome measures are:
- Pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale)
- Pressure pain threshold (Baseline dolorimeter)
- Menstrual symptoms (Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire).
Secondary outcome measures are:
- Lumbopelvic motor control (Physiosupplies Core Stabilizer Unit)
- Movement Imagery Questionnaire
- Central Sensitization Inventory
- Cognitive flexibility (Stroop Test)
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale
- Pain Resilience Scale
- Modified Pain Neurophysiology Questionnaire.
Assessments will be conducted at baseline and after the 8-week intervention, within the first three days of menstruation. Additional follow-up data will be collected through online forms one month after the intervention to evaluate persistence of effects.
The estimated sample size of 51 was calculated considering a 10% attrition rate. Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS software. Depending on data distribution, repeated measures ANOVA or non-parametric equivalents will be used to compare changes over time and between groups.
This study is expected to provide new evidence regarding the effectiveness of combining exercise with motor imagery or pain neuroscience education for the management of pain, menstrual symptoms, and cognitive flexibility in women with primary dysmenorrhea. The findings may contribute to the development of safe and effective non-pharmacological strategies in women's health and pain management.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Only | Experimental | Behavioral: Exercise ProgramParticipants will complete an 8-week supervised exercise program including lumbopelvic stabilization, stretching, and endurance training, delivered twice per week. |
| Exercise + Motor Imagery | Experimental | Behavioral: Exercise Program, Behavioral: Exercise plus Motor Imagery TrainingParticipants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program. In addition, they will practice kinesthetic motor imagery of the exercises before performing them. |
| Exercise + Pain Neuroscience Education | Experimental | Behavioral: Exercise Program, Behavioral: Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience EducationParticipants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program. In addition, they will receive weekly face-to-face pain neuroscience education sessions supported by home assignments. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Female, aged 18-25 years
- Gynecological examination and ultrasound confirming absence of pelvic pathology
- History of primary dysmenorrhea for at least 6 months, with pain intensity ≥4 on the Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) during the first 3 days of menstruation
- Regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days)
- Nulliparous (no history of pregnancy or childbirth)
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea (e.g., endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts)
- Current pregnancy or planning to become pregnant during the study period
- History of pelvic or abdominal surgery
- History of sexually transmitted diseases
- Current use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, or hormonal therapy (e.g., oral contraceptives, intrauterine device)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise ProgramParticipants will complete an 8-week supervised exercise program, delivered twice per week. The program includes lumbopelvic stabilization, stretching, and endurance training exercises designed to reduce menstrual pain and improve physical function. | Behavioural | Exercise + Motor Imagery, Exercise + Pain Neuroscience Education, Exercise Only |
| Exercise plus Motor Imagery TrainingParticipants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program as the Exercise Only group. In addition, they will practice kinesthetic motor imagery of the prescribed movements prior to performing them, aiming to enhance motor control and pain modulation. | Behavioural | Exercise + Motor Imagery |
| Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience EducationParticipants will complete the same 8-week supervised exercise program as the Exercise Only group. In addition, they will receive weekly face-to-face pain neuroscience education sessions focused on pain neurophysiology, supported with home assignments to reinforce learning. | Behavioural | Exercise + Pain Neuroscience Education |
Primary outcome
Pain Intensity
Time frame: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to report their average menstrual pain during the first three days of menstruation.
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention (first three days of menstruation)
Pressure pain threshold will be measured using a digital algometer (Baseline dolorimeter) applied to the abdominal region and standardized body sites. The minimum pressure (kg/cm²) at which pain is first perceived will be recorded.
Menstrual Symptom Severity
Time frame: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Menstrual symptoms (e.g., cramps, headache, back pain, fatigue, mood changes) will be evaluated using the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ). Total and subscale scores will be calculated.
7 secondary outcomes
Lumbopelvic Motor Control
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Movement Imagery Ability
Time frame: Baseline
Central Sensitization
Time frame: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Cognitive Flexibility
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Pain Catastrophizing
Time frame: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Pain Resilience
Time frame: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up
Pain Neurophysiology Knowledge
Time frame: Baseline (all groups); post-intervention and 1-month follow-up (PNE group only)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jul 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 27351541Louw A, Zimney K, Puentedura EJ, Diener I. The efficacy of pain neuroscience education on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of the literature. Physiother Theory Pract. 2016 Jul;32(5):332-55. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2016.1194646. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 34190659Evans S, Dowding C, Olive L, Payne LA, Druitt M, Seidman LC, Skvarc D, Mikocka-Walus A. Pain catastrophizing, but not mental health or social support, is associated with menstrual pain severity in women with dysmenorrhea: A cross-sectional survey. Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jul;27(6):1410-1420. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1948581. Epub 2021 Jun 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 39626586Cuenca-Martinez F, Nieves-Gomez A, Millan-Isasi N, Fuentes-Aparicio L, Sempere-Rubio N. Effects of motor imagery and action observation on pelvic floor and related structures in healthy women: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Mov Sci. 2025 Feb;99:103313. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313. Epub 2024 Dec 2.
- Results publication: PubMed 38963585Kluska J, Malinowska E, Kowalski J. A pilot longitudinal study of decrease in cognitive functions during the most painful day of the period among women with primary dysmenorrhea. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2025 Feb;311(2):341-346. doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07617-9. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
- Results publication: PubMed 31665789Carroquino-Garcia P, Jimenez-Rejano JJ, Medrano-Sanchez E, de la Casa-Almeida M, Diaz-Mohedo E, Suarez-Serrano C. Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2019 Oct 28;99(10):1371-1380. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz101.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (pain intensity scores, pressure pain threshold values, questionnaire results, and demographic data) will be shared
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exercise Program, Exercise plus Motor Imagery Training and Exercise plus Pain Neuroscience Education in people with Primary Dysmenorrhea, run by Muge Dereli at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain Intensity (time frame: Baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 1 month post-intervention follow-up). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07196150, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jul 2026.