Paternal Involvement in BreastfeedingFathersupportNCT07205458
The Effect of Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Based on Knowledge, Motivation, Behavioral Skills Model on Fathers' Breastfeeding Support
A study testing IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Program and Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral Skills in people with Paternal Involvement in Breastfeeding and Parental Support for Breastfeeding, run by Sakarya University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Breast milk is a highly bioavailable, easily digestible, and miraculous food that meets all the nutrient, energy, and fluid needs of the baby for physical, mental, and psychological development. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 years and older, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Paternal Involvement in Breastfeeding, Parental Support for Breastfeeding
- What is being tested?
- IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Program and Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral Skills
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 68 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Oct 2025to 10 Feb 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 years and older
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- • Fathers aged 19 and over
- Becoming a nuclear family
- Father can read and write Turkish
- Father is open to communication and cooperative
- Becoming a father for the first time
- The father continues to live with his wife
Show all 10Show fewer
- Having a healthy and full-term baby
- Not having any known medical/mental illness
- Volunteering to participate in the research
- Have access to the Internet, a computer or a smartphone
Who cannot join
- Fathers who refuse to participate in the research
- Mothers experiencing postpartum depression
- Fathers whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit
- Fathers who have multiple or premature babies
- Fathers who do not speak Turkish and are not open to communication
- Presence of conditions that would contraindicate breastfeeding
- Babies without health issues requiring surgical treatment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Sakarya Üniversitesi
Sakarya
dilek menekşe, Associate Professor, dkose@sakarya.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model on Fathers' Breastfeeding Support.( First-Time Fathers.)
Breast milk is a highly bioavailable, easily digestible, and miraculous food that meets all the nutrient, energy, and fluid needs of the baby for physical, mental, and psychological development. International health organizations emphasize that breastfeeding is the key to sustainable development and recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary feeding for two years or longer. However, only a limited proportion of infants, both globally and in Turkey, are exclusively breastfed during the first six months, which remains below the targeted rates set within the scope of sustainable development goals. When the factors underlying mothers' discontinuation of breastfeeding are examined, many social, cultural, and psychological reasons are reported. One of these reasons is spousal/father support. In recent years, studies have focused on fathers to increase breastfeeding rates. In this direction, breastfeeding training based on the Knowledge-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (BMB) model, planned to be given to fathers to support the breastfeeding process and to accompany mothers and babies in breastfeeding, is of great importance. In the literature, no web-based online study was found to support fathers in the breastfeeding process based on the BMB model. The fact that the training is based on a theoretical model and planned to be web-based in terms of accessibility for fathers constitutes the original aspect of the study. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of web-based breastfeeding education, based on the Knowledge-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model, on fathers' breastfeeding support.
Read the detailed description
Breastfeeding plays a vital role in ensuring the healthy growth and development of infants. Breastfed children are more likely to survive and reach their full developmental potential. Breast milk supports not only the physical but also the cognitive and psychological development of the child, and it has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Additionally, in low-income and developing countries, breastfeeding significantly contributes to the reduction of malnutrition, infectious diseases, and child mortality. Beyond its benefits for infants, breastfeeding also has long-term positive effects on maternal health. These benefits persist throughout the lives of both mother and child, making breastfeeding a crucial practice that should be actively promoted and supported. The World Health Organization has emphasized the significance of breastfeeding, recognizing it as a key driver of sustainable development. It is recommended to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, continue exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and maintain breastfeeding for two years or longer with complementary feeding. However, global breastfeeding rates remain below the target of 50% by 2025.
During this process, both national and international health authorities have emphasized that the perceptions and attitudes of family members-particularly fathers-toward breastfeeding significantly influence mothers' perspectives on breastfeeding. Paternal support for breastfeeding has been shown to contribute to improved breastfeeding outcomes, and fathers play a crucial role in promoting breastfeeding. Supportive and positive attitudes of fathers toward their partners influence maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy during the postpartum period. Increasing fathers' knowledge, self-efficacy, and involvement in breastfeeding-related interventions positively affects mothers' breastfeeding experiences. However, studies investigating paternal behavior during the breastfeeding period have revealed that many fathers lack sufficient knowledge about breastfeeding and breast milk. Moreover, they often do not fully understand the significance of breastfeeding for both maternal and infant health. Fathers have also reported uncertainty about how to support the breastfeeding process and expressed a desire for guidance on how to assist their partners.
Basing nursing practices on a specific theoretical model has been shown to positively influence both the quality of nursing care and overall health outcomes. In this context, a variety of models have been developed to facilitate health education, individual development, and behavioral change in health-related practices. One such model is the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. The IMB model was developed to understand the social and psychological factors that influence health-related behaviors. According to this model, once individuals are provided with accurate health information and sufficient motivation, they are more likely to acquire and adopt positive behavioral skills.
In this framework, encouraging fathers to actively participate in the breastfeeding process may extend breastfeeding duration and positively influence the breastfeeding experience. Such involvement can also enhance the relationships between father and infant, father and mother, and mother and infant. Applying the IMB model may help fathers develop appropriate, simple, and effective behavioral skills based on their own motivation. Moreover, these acquired behaviors are expected to be sustainable and impactful over time. Therefore, the aim of the proposed study is to examine the effect of a web-based breastfeeding education program-designed in accordance with the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model-on paternal support for breastfeeding.
- Being tested
- IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Program, Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral Skills
- Keywords
- Breastfeeding,Paternal support,Parental involvement,Exclusive breastfeeding
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Feeding
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education ProgramBehavioural
Also called Breastfeeding Support Education, Behavior Change Education
A structured, model-based online education program designed to increase fathers' knowledge about breastfeeding through interactive lessons, videos, and resources. Fathers will be informed about breastfeeding during the postpartum period. The breastfeeding knowledge test will be completed two weeks after baseline data collection, and motivational interviews will be planned according to fathers' needs.
Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral SkillsBehavioural
Motivational interview sessions aimed to strengthen fathers' motivation for breastfeeding and improve supportive behaviors. These sessions will begin between postpartum days 13-17 after the information phase is complete. The number of sessions will be based on fathers' needs (minimum of two and up to four). Each session's duration will follow the Turkish Ministry of Health's Postpartum Care Guide (2018). The second session will occur between postpartum days 21-30. After the motivational interviews are completed, fathers will have received information and motivation according to the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. Education and interview sessions will continue until postpartum day 42, shaped according to fathers' needs. At the end of all trainings, fathers are expected to have developed the skills to support mothers during breastfeeding and to have gained self-efficacy in the breastfeeding process
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Group | Experimental | Fathers in this group will participate in a structured web-based breastfeeding education program based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model during the first two weeks postpartum, followed by two motivational interview sessions. The program will be completed within two weeks after baseline assessment and will continue until postpartum day 42. Motivational interviews will begin between days 13-17 postpartum, with a second interview between days 21-30 postpartum, depending on fathers' needs. The intervention aims to improve fathers' breastfeeding knowledge, motivation, and supportive behaviors. Receives: Behavioral: IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Program; Behavioral: Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral Skills |
| Control Group | No intervention | Fathers in the control group will be followed up according to routine hospital follow-up and breastfeeding education practices. They will receive standard postpartum care, which may include general breastfeeding information from healthcare providers. This process will continue until postpartum day 42. Structured web-based education or motivational interview sessions will not be provided. At the end of the study, families may access the web-based education if they wish. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Evaluation of knowledge about breastfeeding in the study and control groups
To assess the "knowledge" component of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model, the Breastfeeding Knowledge Test-Father Form (BKT-FF) developed by Buldum et al. (2024) will be used. This test consists of 38 items. Each correct answer is scored as "1.00," while incorrect or "I don't know" responses are scored as "0.00." Total scores range from 0.00 to 38.00, with higher scores indicating greater breastfeeding knowledge among fathers, whereas lower scores suggest insufficient knowledge.
Measured: Baseline (before training) and Post-intervention (postpartum day 14)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Evaluation of fathers' breastfeeding attitudes and participation in the study and control groups
Fathers' Attitude and Participation in Breastfeeding Scale (F-BAPS): To assessthe "motivation" component of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model,theFathers' Attitude and Participation in Breastfeeding Scale (FAPBS) willbe used FAPBS consists of two sections: "Fathers' Attitudes TowardBreastfeeding (FATB)" and "Fathers' Participation in Breastfeeding (FPB)",comprising a total of 28 items. Responses in FAPBS are evaluated usingfive-point Likert scale. Positive items about breastfeeding are scored as(1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Undecided, 4=Agree and 5=Strongly agree)and negative items are scored in reverse order The total FATB score rangesfrom 14 to 70, with a cut-off score of 58. Scores ≥58 indicate a positive attitude, while scores <58 indicate a negative attitude toward breastfeeding.The total FPB score ranges from 14 to 70, with a cut-off score of 58.Scores≥58indicate good participation, while scores <58 indicate poor participation in the breastfeeding process
Measured: Post-intervention (postpartum day 24)
Evaluation of fathers' breastfeeding support in study and control groups
The Breastfeeding Father Support Scale will be used to evaluate the "behavioral skills" component of the model scale, which consists of 21 items, is designed to assess fathers' support for breastfeeding for those with infants aged 0-2 years. There are no reverse-coded items in the scale, and it is evaluated based on the average item score. Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale with the following points: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 21, and the maximum score is 105. A higher score indicates that the father provided more support to their partner during the breastfeeding period.
Measured: Difference between fathers' breastfeeding support status before and after the training-Post-intervention (postpartum day 42.)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Oct 2025
- Study start15 Oct 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion10 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion10 Feb 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Paternal Involvement in BreastfeedingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 68 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sakarya University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, dilek menekşe, Sakarya University
- Investigators
- DİLEK MENEKŞE, Associate Professor, Study director, SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİHilal BÜLBÜL, PhD Student, Principal investigator, Sakarya University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07205458
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AIBU-SBF-DM-1
- Acronym
- Fathersupport
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 18 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 3 Oct 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gutin SA, Harper GW, Moshashane N, Ramontshonyana K, Stephenson R, Shade SB, Harries J, Mmeje O, Ramogola-Masire D, Morroni C. Relationship, partner factors and stigma are associated with safer conception information, motivation, and behavioral skills among women living with HIV in Botswana. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 8;21(1):2231. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12268-5.
PubMed 34879845Del Ciampo LA, Del Ciampo IRL. Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018 Jun;40(6):354-359. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1657766. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
PubMed 29980160Mangrio E, Persson K, Bramhagen AC. Sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors in the cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months: a systematic review. Scand J Caring Sci. 2018 Jun;32(2):451-465. doi: 10.1111/scs.12489. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
PubMed 28569436Taspinar A, Coban A, Kucuk M, Sirin A. Fathers' knowledge about and attitudes towards breast feeding in Manisa, Turkey. Midwifery. 2013 Jun;29(6):653-60. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
PubMed 22840976deMontigny F, Gervais C, Lariviere-Bastien D, St-Arneault K. The role of fathers during breastfeeding. Midwifery. 2018 Mar;58:6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.001. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
PubMed 29272696Bode L, Raman AS, Murch SH, Rollins NC, Gordon JI. Understanding the mother-breastmilk-infant "triad". Science. 2020 Mar 6;367(6482):1070-1072. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw6147. No abstract available.
PubMed 32139527Perez-Escamilla R, Tomori C, Hernandez-Cordero S, Baker P, Barros AJD, Begin F, Chapman DJ, Grummer-Strawn LM, McCoy D, Menon P, Ribeiro Neves PA, Piwoz E, Rollins N, Victora CG, Richter L; 2023 Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Breastfeeding: crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world. Lancet. 2023 Feb 11;401(10375):472-485. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01932-8. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
PubMed 36764313
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Oct 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model on Fathers' Breastfeeding Support.( First-Time Fathers.)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07205458
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Fathersupport / AIBU-SBF-DM-1
- Keywords
- Breastfeeding,Paternal support,Parental involvement,Exclusive breastfeeding
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 68 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Sakarya UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Oct 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 10 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 10 Feb 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 3 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Breast milk is a highly bioavailable, easily digestible, and miraculous food that meets all the nutrient, energy, and fluid needs of the baby for physical, mental, and psychological development. International health organizations emphasize that breastfeeding is the key to sustainable development and recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary feeding for two years or longer. However, only a limited proportion of infants, both globally and in Turkey, are exclusively breastfed during the first six months, which remains below the targeted rates set within the scope of sustainable development goals. When the factors underlying mothers' discontinuation of breastfeeding are examined, many social, cultural, and psychological reasons are reported. One of these reasons is spousal/father support. In recent years, studies have focused on fathers to increase breastfeeding rates. In this direction, breastfeeding training based on the Knowledge-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (BMB) model, planned to be given to fathers to support the breastfeeding process and to accompany mothers and babies in breastfeeding, is of great importance. In the literature, no web-based online study was found to support fathers in the breastfeeding process based on the BMB model. The fact that the training is based on a theoretical model and planned to be web-based in terms of accessibility for fathers constitutes the original aspect of the study. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of web-based breastfeeding education, based on the Knowledge-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model, on fathers' breastfeeding support.
Detailed description
Breastfeeding plays a vital role in ensuring the healthy growth and development of infants. Breastfed children are more likely to survive and reach their full developmental potential. Breast milk supports not only the physical but also the cognitive and psychological development of the child, and it has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Additionally, in low-income and developing countries, breastfeeding significantly contributes to the reduction of malnutrition, infectious diseases, and child mortality. Beyond its benefits for infants, breastfeeding also has long-term positive effects on maternal health. These benefits persist throughout the lives of both mother and child, making breastfeeding a crucial practice that should be actively promoted and supported. The World Health Organization has emphasized the significance of breastfeeding, recognizing it as a key driver of sustainable development. It is recommended to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, continue exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and maintain breastfeeding for two years or longer with complementary feeding. However, global breastfeeding rates remain below the target of 50% by 2025.
During this process, both national and international health authorities have emphasized that the perceptions and attitudes of family members-particularly fathers-toward breastfeeding significantly influence mothers' perspectives on breastfeeding. Paternal support for breastfeeding has been shown to contribute to improved breastfeeding outcomes, and fathers play a crucial role in promoting breastfeeding. Supportive and positive attitudes of fathers toward their partners influence maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy during the postpartum period. Increasing fathers' knowledge, self-efficacy, and involvement in breastfeeding-related interventions positively affects mothers' breastfeeding experiences. However, studies investigating paternal behavior during the breastfeeding period have revealed that many fathers lack sufficient knowledge about breastfeeding and breast milk. Moreover, they often do not fully understand the significance of breastfeeding for both maternal and infant health. Fathers have also reported uncertainty about how to support the breastfeeding process and expressed a desire for guidance on how to assist their partners.
Basing nursing practices on a specific theoretical model has been shown to positively influence both the quality of nursing care and overall health outcomes. In this context, a variety of models have been developed to facilitate health education, individual development, and behavioral change in health-related practices. One such model is the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. The IMB model was developed to understand the social and psychological factors that influence health-related behaviors. According to this model, once individuals are provided with accurate health information and sufficient motivation, they are more likely to acquire and adopt positive behavioral skills.
In this framework, encouraging fathers to actively participate in the breastfeeding process may extend breastfeeding duration and positively influence the breastfeeding experience. Such involvement can also enhance the relationships between father and infant, father and mother, and mother and infant. Applying the IMB model may help fathers develop appropriate, simple, and effective behavioral skills based on their own motivation. Moreover, these acquired behaviors are expected to be sustainable and impactful over time. Therefore, the aim of the proposed study is to examine the effect of a web-based breastfeeding education program-designed in accordance with the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model-on paternal support for breastfeeding.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized Controlled Trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Group | Experimental | Behavioral: IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Program, Behavioral: Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral SkillsFathers in this group will participate in a structured web-based breastfeeding education program based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model during the first two weeks postpartum, followed by two motivational interview sessions. The program will be completed within two weeks after baseline assessment and will continue until postpartum day 42. Motivational interviews will begin between days 13-17 postpartum, with a second interview between days 21-30 postpartum, depending on fathers' needs. The intervention aims to improve fathers' breastfeeding knowledge, motivation, and supportive behaviors. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Fathers in the control group will be followed up according to routine hospital follow-up and breastfeeding education practices. They will receive standard postpartum care, which may include general breastfeeding information from healthcare providers. This process will continue until postpartum day 42. Structured web-based education or motivational interview sessions will not be provided. At the end of the study, families may access the web-based education if they wish. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
- • Fathers aged 19 and over
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Fathers who refuse to participate in the research
- Mothers experiencing postpartum depression
- Fathers whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit
- Fathers who have multiple or premature babies
- Fathers who do not speak Turkish and are not open to communication
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education ProgramAlso: Breastfeeding Support Education, Behavior Change EducationA structured, model-based online education program designed to increase fathers' knowledge about breastfeeding through interactive lessons, videos, and resources. Fathers will be informed about breastfeeding during the postpartum period. The breastfeeding knowledge test will be completed two weeks after baseline data collection, and motivational interviews will be planned according to fathers' needs. | Behavioural | IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Group |
| Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral SkillsMotivational interview sessions aimed to strengthen fathers' motivation for breastfeeding and improve supportive behaviors. These sessions will begin between postpartum days 13-17 after the information phase is complete. The number of sessions will be based on fathers' needs (minimum of two and up to four). Each session's duration will follow the Turkish Ministry of Health's Postpartum Care Guide (2018). The second session will occur between postpartum days 21-30. After the motivational interviews are completed, fathers will have received information and motivation according to the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. Education and interview sessions will continue until postpartum day 42, shaped according to fathers' needs. At the end of all trainings, fathers are expected to have developed the skills to support mothers during breastfeeding and to have gained self-efficacy in the breastfeeding process | Behavioural | IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Group |
Primary outcome
Evaluation of knowledge about breastfeeding in the study and control groups
Time frame: Baseline (before training) and Post-intervention (postpartum day 14)
To assess the "knowledge" component of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model, the Breastfeeding Knowledge Test-Father Form (BKT-FF) developed by Buldum et al. (2024) will be used. This test consists of 38 items. Each correct answer is scored as "1.00," while incorrect or "I don't know" responses are scored as "0.00." Total scores range from 0.00 to 38.00, with higher scores indicating greater breastfeeding knowledge among fathers, whereas lower scores suggest insufficient knowledge.
2 secondary outcomes
Evaluation of fathers' breastfeeding attitudes and participation in the study and control groups
Time frame: Post-intervention (postpartum day 24)
Evaluation of fathers' breastfeeding support in study and control groups
Time frame: Difference between fathers' breastfeeding support status before and after the training-Post-intervention (postpartum day 42.)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Oct 2025.
- Background: PubMed 34879845Gutin SA, Harper GW, Moshashane N, Ramontshonyana K, Stephenson R, Shade SB, Harries J, Mmeje O, Ramogola-Masire D, Morroni C. Relationship, partner factors and stigma are associated with safer conception information, motivation, and behavioral skills among women living with HIV in Botswana. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 8;21(1):2231. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12268-5.
- Background: PubMed 29980160Del Ciampo LA, Del Ciampo IRL. Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018 Jun;40(6):354-359. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1657766. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
- Background: PubMed 28569436Mangrio E, Persson K, Bramhagen AC. Sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors in the cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months: a systematic review. Scand J Caring Sci. 2018 Jun;32(2):451-465. doi: 10.1111/scs.12489. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
- Background: PubMed 22840976Taspinar A, Coban A, Kucuk M, Sirin A. Fathers' knowledge about and attitudes towards breast feeding in Manisa, Turkey. Midwifery. 2013 Jun;29(6):653-60. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
- Background: PubMed 29272696deMontigny F, Gervais C, Lariviere-Bastien D, St-Arneault K. The role of fathers during breastfeeding. Midwifery. 2018 Mar;58:6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.001. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
- Background: PubMed 32139527Bode L, Raman AS, Murch SH, Rollins NC, Gordon JI. Understanding the mother-breastmilk-infant "triad". Science. 2020 Mar 6;367(6482):1070-1072. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw6147. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 36764313Perez-Escamilla R, Tomori C, Hernandez-Cordero S, Baker P, Barros AJD, Begin F, Chapman DJ, Grummer-Strawn LM, McCoy D, Menon P, Ribeiro Neves PA, Piwoz E, Rollins N, Victora CG, Richter L; 2023 Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Breastfeeding: crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world. Lancet. 2023 Feb 11;401(10375):472-485. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01932-8. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Paternal Involvement in Nursing Guidance and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Mothers of High-Risk Newborns
Prematurity, Low Birth Weight
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
DİLEK MENEKŞE, Associate Professor study director
SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Hilal BÜLBÜL, PhD Student principal investigator
Sakarya University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing IMB Model Web-Based Breastfeeding Education Program and Motivational interview sessions, Breastfeeding self efficiay,Behavioral Skills in people with Paternal Involvement in Breastfeeding and Parental Support for Breastfeeding, run by Sakarya University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Oct 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact DİLEK MENEKŞE, Associate Professor (05543485913 ext. +9 0264 295 66, dkose@sakarya.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Evaluation of knowledge about breastfeeding in the study and control groups (time frame: Baseline (before training) and Post-intervention (postpartum day 14)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07205458, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Oct 2025.