Pediatric Colostomy Reversal: Traditional Care vs. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery

This single-center, prospective randomized controlled trial will compare two perioperative care strategies for pediatric colostomy reversal: the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol and the conventional Traditional Care Protocol (TCP). The study is being conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at the Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Scientific Rationale

Colostomy reversal restores bowel continuity after temporary fecal diversion, which is frequently performed in children with anorectal malformations (ARM), Hirschsprung's disease (HD), or following severe perineal injury. Conventional postoperative care has historically included three days of mechanical bowel preparation, prolonged pre-operative fasting, routine nasogastric decompression, opioid-based analgesia, and delayed oral feeding. Evidence from both adult and pediatric literature shows that ERAS protocols-emphasizing minimal bowel preparation, shortened fasting, multimodal non-opioid analgesia, and early enteral feeding-can reduce hospital stay and enhance recovery without increasing complications. However, high-quality pediatric data, especially from South Asia, remain limited.

Study Design

The trial will enroll 60 children (ages 2-13 years) who meet inclusion criteria and have no major comorbidities or prior extensive abdominal surgery. Using a computer-generated randomization table, participants will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the ERAS or TCP arm. The allocation will occur after informed consent from parents or guardians.

ERAS arm:

Pre-operative preparation consists of two rectal enemas and oral laxative 12 hours apart on the day before surgery.

Clear oral fluids are allowed until three hours prior to anesthesia.

Intraoperative management includes minimal bowel handling and caudal block for pain control.

Postoperative care features avoidance of opioid analgesia, removal of nasogastric tube within 48 hours, and initiation of clear oral fluids followed by early progression to solid diet as tolerated.

Traditional Care arm:

Mechanical bowel preparation and clear fluid diet for three days before surgery.

Overnight fasting and intra-venous antibiotics are given.

Postoperative management includes routine nasogastric decompression with a nil-per-mouth regimen for at least three days, opioid analgesia, and gradual reintroduction of oral intake starting on postoperative day three or four.

All operations will be performed by consultant pediatric surgeons with at least five years of post-FCPS experience to ensure procedural consistency.

Data Collection and Analysis

Daily postoperative assessments will include vital signs, abdominal examination, and tolerance of oral intake. Laboratory evaluation on postoperative day one will include complete blood count and serum electrolytes, with corrections as indicated. The primary endpoint is length of hospital stay, defined as the number of days from surgery to discharge once the child consumes at least one age-appropriate solid meal without vomiting for six hours. Data will be entered in SPSS version 25. Quantitative variables will be summarized as means and standard deviations; qualitative variables as frequencies and percentages. Independent-sample t tests will compare the primary outcome between groups. Age, gender, and underlying diagnosis will be assessed as potential effect modifiers through stratification followed by post-stratification t tests. A p-value ≤0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Significance

This study addresses a key evidence gap by providing randomized controlled data on ERAS in a high-volume pediatric surgical setting in Punjab, Pakistan. Demonstrating a reduction in hospital stay without added complications could support broader adoption of ERAS protocols, improving patient turnover, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing recovery for children undergoing colostomy reversal.