Healthy SubjectsNCT07209423
Shoulder Strength in Baseball Players
An observational study of Healthy Subjects, run by Loma Linda University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this graduate student research study is to transform the existing concepts surrounding shoulder strength in baseball players, particularly in the context of retroverted shoulders. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 22 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy Subjects
- What is being tested?
- Strength and Range of Motion
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 23 Apr 2026to Apr 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 22 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Study population: Baseball players from schools in the United States and Japan.
Who may be able to join
- Able to participate in baseball activities
- All races and ethnicities.
- Speaks and understands English or Japanese.
Who cannot join
- A diagnosis of a current injury that prevents participation in baseball activities.
- Orthopedic conditions (e.g., muscle strain, ligament sprain)
- Vascular history (e.g., blood clots, vascular surgery, varicose veins)
- Neurological history (e.g., stroke, nerve injury, or cognitive impairment)
- Cardiopulmonary conditions (e.g., hypertension, heart disease)
- Any history of bleeding or clotting disorders
- Diabetes, cancer, rhabdomyolysis, or compartment syndrome
- Additionally, not maintaining participant's regular diet on the day of the research will also impact eligibility.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Loma Linda U
Loma Linda, California, 92354
Everett B Lohman, DSc, 909-558-1000 ext. 83171, Elohman@llu.edu
About this study
Official title: Shoulder Strength in Light of Retroversion and Biological Age in Baseball Players
The purpose of this graduate student research study is to transform the existing concepts surrounding shoulder strength in baseball players, particularly in the context of retroverted shoulders.
Read the detailed description
The study aims to investigate the influence of biological age on shoulder strength in comparison to chronological age, providing insights into how these factors might interact in the context of athletic performance. Additionally, the investigators seek to develop a novel framework for injury prevention in baseball, addressing the critical research gap identified in the scope review. Furthermore, the investigators will conduct a comparative analysis between two different countries to deepen the understanding of baseball-related injuries, ultimately fostering a more comprehensive approach to athlete safety and health in the sport.
- Conditions
- Healthy Subjects
- Being tested
- Strength and Range of Motion
- Keywords
- baseball, shoulder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Strength and Range of MotionOther
Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Baseball players in the United States | Not described Receives: Other: Strength and Range of Motion | |
| Baseball players in Japan | Not described Receives: Other: Strength and Range of Motion |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Strength
Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments.
Measured: baseline reading on visit one
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Oct 2025
- Study start23 Apr 2026
- Primary completionApr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionApr 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Healthy SubjectsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Loma Linda University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Everett Lohman, DSc, Principal investigator, Loma Linda University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07209423
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 5250475
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Oct 2025
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Shoulder Strength in Light of Retroversion and Biological Age in Baseball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07209423
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 5250475
- Conditions
- Healthy Subjects
- Keywords
- baseball, shoulder
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Loma Linda UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Apr 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Apr 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this graduate student research study is to transform the existing concepts surrounding shoulder strength in baseball players, particularly in the context of retroverted shoulders.
Detailed description
The study aims to investigate the influence of biological age on shoulder strength in comparison to chronological age, providing insights into how these factors might interact in the context of athletic performance. Additionally, the investigators seek to develop a novel framework for injury prevention in baseball, addressing the critical research gap identified in the scope review. Furthermore, the investigators will conduct a comparative analysis between two different countries to deepen the understanding of baseball-related injuries, ultimately fostering a more comprehensive approach to athlete safety and health in the sport.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Baseball players in the United States | – | Other: Strength and Range of Motion |
| Baseball players in Japan | – | Other: Strength and Range of Motion |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 22 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- Baseball players from schools in the United States and Japan.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Able to participate in baseball activities
- All races and ethnicities.
- Speaks and understands English or Japanese.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- A diagnosis of a current injury that prevents participation in baseball activities.
- Orthopedic conditions (e.g., muscle strain, ligament sprain)
- Vascular history (e.g., blood clots, vascular surgery, varicose veins)
- Neurological history (e.g., stroke, nerve injury, or cognitive impairment)
- Cardiopulmonary conditions (e.g., hypertension, heart disease)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Strength and Range of MotionShoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments. | Other | Baseball players in Japan, Baseball players in the United States |
Primary outcome
Strength
Time frame: baseline reading on visit one
Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Everett Lohman, DSc principal investigator
Loma Linda University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy Subjects, run by Loma Linda University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Everett Lohman, DSc (909) 558-1000 Ext. 83171, elohman@llu.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Strength (time frame: baseline reading on visit one). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2026.