Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Relapsing-remittingMIVR-MSNCT07230015
Combined Motor Imagery and Vestibular Rehab for MS
A study testing Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation group and Conventional therapy group in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Relapsing-remitting, run by Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This trial investigates the first combined use of motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis, aiming to evaluate their joint effect on balance, cognition, and quality of life. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Relapsing-remitting
- What is being tested?
- Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation group and Conventional therapy group
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2025to 20 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Confirmed using McDonald Criteria
- Patient diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
- Mild MS between 0-3 according to PDDS.
- Age from (18-45)
- Mild cognitive impairment
- Balance impairment (mild to moderate impairment)
- Vestibular dysfunction Related to MS (dizziness, vertigo , gaze instability ) 8. Native language is Arabic to ensure clear communication during cognitive tasks and exercise instructions
- 9. Be able to joined the treatment (motor imagery, vestibular rehabilitaiton )
Who cannot join
- Other neurological disorder, progressive multiple sclerosis Non-MS related vestibular disorders (e.g., BPPV, Meniere's disease) that would interfere with vestibular rehab.
- Severe Psychiatric Conditions (schizophrenia, bipolar, etc) Sever balance disorder Sever fatigue Medical instability eg (cardiovascular disease, respiratory, infections, severe uncontrolled diabetes, or severe visual impairments.) Sever cognitive impairment Pregnant Advance disability ( wheelchair , unable to stand ) Use of Vestibular-Suppressing Medications Non - speaker Arabic
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Gehad Salem Mohamed Mohamed Menshawi
Istanbul, Beykoz/İstanbul, 34810
gehad Salem Menshawi, PT, MSc (Cand.), 01040131964 ext. +905524590178, j.menshawi@hotmail.com
j.menshawi@hotmail.com
About this study
Official title: The Effectiveness of Combination of Motor Imagery and Vestibular Rehabilitation on Balance, Cognition, and Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
This trial investigates the first combined use of motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis, aiming to evaluate their joint effect on balance, cognition, and quality of life.
Read the detailed description
Multiple sclerosis often causes balance disturbance, cognitive decline, and reduced quality of life. Motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation are established methods in MS care, but their effects have only been studied separately. This randomized controlled trial introduces a combined program of motor imagery and vestibular training to explore whether their integration provides broader benefits. The study will recruit patients with relapsing-remitting MS, apply an 8-week intervention, and compare outcomes in cognition, balance, physical performance, and quality of life against conventional therapy.
- Being tested
- Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation group, Conventional therapy group
- Keywords
- physical therapy, neurological rehabilitation, MS, Vestibular rehabilitation, Motor imagery, balance, QOL, Cognation, randomized control trial, physical therapy modalities, Physical therapy and rehabilitation, physical performance, Multiple Sclerosis
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Multiple Sclerosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation groupBehavioural
This 8-week program, 3 sessions/week, 55- 60 min each, includes 4 steps:
Warm-up (5 min): Breathing exercises progressing from basic diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing (weeks 1-2), light movement with breathing (weeks 3-4), to Inspiratory Muscle Training device (weeks 5-8).
Motor Imagery (15 min): Foundational phase (weeks 1-2) imagining basic movements, skills building (weeks 3-4) with functional daily tasks, advanced phase (weeks 5-8) imagining complex tasks, environmental and cognitive challenges (e.g., sports, obstacle navigation, walking on uneven surfaces).
Vestibular Rehabilitation (15 min): Foundational (weeks 1-2) gaze stabilization and static balance (VOR, VSR, VCR), dynamic balance and dual-task exercises (weeks 3-6), advanced functional balance and vestibular-cognition integration (weeks 7-8).
Cool-down (10 min): Relaxation and symptom monitoring to prevent overexertion, dizziness, or fatigue.
Conventional therapy groupBehavioural
This 8-week program, 3 sessions/week, 55- 60 min each, includes:
Warm-up: Seated/standing marching, neck and shoulder stretching.
Strength \& Functional Movements: Sit-to-stand, side leg raises, step-ups.
Core \& Upper Body: Bridge exercise, seated core activation, seated leg lifts, wall push-ups, seated shoulder press.
Flexibility \& Balance: Calf and hamstring stretches, spinal flexibility, single-leg stance, lunges, tandem walking.
Cool-down: Deep breathing and gentle stretching.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation Group | Experimental | Participants receive a combined intervention of motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation. Sessions last 55 minutes, including 5 min breathing warm-up, 20 min motor imagery training, 20 min vestibular exercises for balance and dizziness reduction, and 10 min cool-down/relaxation. The program aims to improve balance, cognitive function, and quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Symptoms are monitored to avoid overexertion or symptom exacerbation. Receives: Behavioral: Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation group |
| Conventional Group | Other | Participants receive conventional care for Multiple Sclerosis, including routine medical follow-up and standard physiotherapy if applicable. No specific motor imagery or vestibular rehabilitation exercises are administered. This group serves as a comparison to evaluate the effects of the experimental intervention. Receives: Behavioral: Conventional therapy group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Cognitive Function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] Score)
It is a cognitive screening tool commonly used in clinics and research to assess individual cognitive impairment and its severity. It helps therapists evaluate a patient's cognitive function and identify changes over time by assessing mental capacity functions and takes about 10-15 minutes to complete., which includes Attention \& Concentration, Executive Functions, Memory, Language, Visuospatial Skills and Orientation (19).
- The test is scored out of 30 points.
- A score of 26 or higher is considered normal.
- Scores below 26 may indicate mild cognitive impairment or early dementia.
Measured: Baseline and 8 weeks after intervention
Change in Balance Berg Balance Scale \[ABBS] Score)
To assess balance and fall risk in Arabic-speaking patients with neurological disorders, lower scores indicate more severe balance problems (23).
- 41-56: Low fall risk
- 21-40: Moderate fall risk.
- 0-20: High fall risk."
Measured: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8)
Change in Vestibular Function (Dynamic Visual Acuity [DVA] Test)
DVA assesses visual acuity during head movement to evaluate vestibulo-ocular reflex integrity.It is a functional test designed to evaluate the integrity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which stabilizes the eyes during head motion. DVA is commonly employed to detect vestibular dysfunction and is particularly useful for evaluating vestibular function in patients experiencing dizziness, balance disorders, or conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), where vestibular dysfunction is common
Measured: Baseline and Week 8.
Change in Vestibular Function (Head Impulse Test [HIT])
Bedside assessment of semicircular canal/VOR function. Outcome recorded as presence/absence of corrective saccades and qualitative clinician rating of gain; improvement indicates better vestibular function.It is a clinical test used to identify deficits in the semicircular canals, especially the horizontal canal, and is useful for detecting peripheral vestibular deficits. It assesses the ability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to maintain stable vision during rapid, unpredictable head movements
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Cognitive Function (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS \[BICAMS] Composite Score
Cognition will be assessed using BICAMS (SDMT, CVLT-II, BVMT-R). A composite and subtest scores will be calculated; This test is valdiated in Egyption dialect. It is a specialized tool designed for patients with multiple sclerosis to assess their cognitive function. It is reliable, quick, and sensitive, making it useful for both clinical settings and research. The tool focuses on cognitive domains that are commonly affected in multiple sclerosis, such as memory, speed, and learning. It includes tests like the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R)
Measured: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8)
Change in balance (Timed Up and Go [TUG] Time)
Seconds to stand up, walk 3 m, turn, return, and sit. Lower times indicate better mobility; ≥12 s suggests increased fall risk.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Disability Status (Patient-Determined Disease Steps \[PDDS] Score)
Self-reported disability (0-8); higher scores indicate greater disability.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in Quality of Life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 \[MSIS-29]
The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) is a clinical tool used by patients to assess the impact of MS on their quality of life. The questionnaire consists of 29 questions and evaluates both physical and psychological well-being, helping to determine how MS affects daily life
Measured: Baseline and Week 8.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Nov 2025
- Study start1 Dec 2025
- Primary completion30 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Jul 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Relapsing-remittingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Medipol UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a parallel group randomized controlled trial with two arms: an intervention group receiving motor imagery plus vestibular rehabilitation and a control group receiving conventional therapy only.
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Medipol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gehad Salem Mohamed Mohamed Menshawi, Medipol University
- Investigators
- Merve Yılmaz Menek, Assoc. Prof, Study director, Assoc. Prof. Merve Yılmaz Menek
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07230015
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-10840098-202.3.02-1593
- Acronym
- MIVR-MS
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Sep 2025
- Last updated
- 30 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ozgen G, Karapolat H, Akkoc Y, Yuceyar N. Is customized vestibular rehabilitation effective in patients with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Aug;52(4):466-78. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
PubMed 27050082Abraham A, Hart A, Andrade I, Hackney ME. Dynamic Neuro-Cognitive Imagery Improves Mental Imagery Ability, Disease Severity, and Motor and Cognitive Functions in People with Parkinson's Disease. Neural Plast. 2018 Mar 14;2018:6168507. doi: 10.1155/2018/6168507. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29725348Aljarallah S, Alkhathlan H, Almushawah A, Badahdah A, Alfaifi N, Abdulmaged-Ahmed DA, Alkhawajah NM. Performance of an Arabic translation of the patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale in Saudi patients with multiple sclerosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Nov 3;102(44):e35889. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035889.
PubMed 37932990Rahman TT, El Gaafary MM. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Arabic version: reliability and validity prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among elderly attending geriatric clubs in Cairo. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2009 Mar;9(1):54-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2008.00509.x.
PubMed 19260980Manago MM, Schenkman M, Berliner J, Hebert JR. Gaze stabilization and dynamic visual acuity in people with multiple sclerosis. J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):469-477. doi: 10.3233/VES-160593.
PubMed 28262642Mulder T. Motor imagery and action observation: cognitive tools for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007;114(10):1265-78. doi: 10.1007/s00702-007-0763-z. Epub 2007 Jun 20.
PubMed 17579805Urgesi C, Moro V, Candidi M, Aglioti SM. Mapping implied body actions in the human motor system. J Neurosci. 2006 Jul 26;26(30):7942-9. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1289-06.2006.
PubMed 16870739Volz MS, Suarez-Contreras V, Portilla AL, Fregni F. Mental imagery-induced attention modulates pain perception and cortical excitability. BMC Neurosci. 2015 Mar 15;16:15. doi: 10.1186/s12868-015-0146-6.
PubMed 25887060Khan F, Amatya B. Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Feb;98(2):353-367. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.04.016. Epub 2016 May 20.
PubMed 27216225Efendi H. Clinically Isolated Syndromes: Clinical Characteristics, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2015 Dec;52(Suppl 1):S1-S11. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.12608. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
PubMed 28360754McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Feb 23;325(8):765-779. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.26858.
PubMed 33620411Habbestad A, Willumsen JS, Aarseth JH, Grytten N, Midgard R, Wergeland S, Myhr KM, Torkildsen O. Increasing age of multiple sclerosis onset from 1920 to 2022: a population-based study. J Neurol. 2024 Apr;271(4):1610-1617. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-12047-9. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
PubMed 38097800Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, Robertson N, La Rocca N, Uitdehaag B, van der Mei I, Wallin M, Helme A, Angood Napier C, Rijke N, Baneke P. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Mult Scler. 2020 Dec;26(14):1816-1821. doi: 10.1177/1352458520970841. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
PubMed 33174475Garcia-Munoz C, Cortes-Vega MD, Heredia-Rizo AM, Martin-Valero R, Garcia-Bernal MI, Casuso-Holgado MJ. Effectiveness of Vestibular Training for Balance and Dizziness Rehabilitation in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 21;9(2):590. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020590.
PubMed 32098162
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effectiveness of Combination of Motor Imagery and Vestibular Rehabilitation on Balance, Cognition, and Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07230015
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MIVR-MS / E-10840098-202.3.02-1593
- Keywords
- physical therapy, neurological rehabilitation, MS, Vestibular rehabilitation, Motor imagery, balance, QOL, Cognation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Medipol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 May 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Jul 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 17 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This trial investigates the first combined use of motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis, aiming to evaluate their joint effect on balance, cognition, and quality of life.
Detailed description
Multiple sclerosis often causes balance disturbance, cognitive decline, and reduced quality of life. Motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation are established methods in MS care, but their effects have only been studied separately. This randomized controlled trial introduces a combined program of motor imagery and vestibular training to explore whether their integration provides broader benefits. The study will recruit patients with relapsing-remitting MS, apply an 8-week intervention, and compare outcomes in cognition, balance, physical performance, and quality of life against conventional therapy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a parallel group randomized controlled trial with two arms: an intervention group receiving motor imagery plus vestibular rehabilitation and a control group receiving conventional therapy only.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation groupParticipants receive a combined intervention of motor imagery and vestibular rehabilitation. Sessions last 55 minutes, including 5 min breathing warm-up, 20 min motor imagery training, 20 min vestibular exercises for balance and dizziness reduction, and 10 min cool-down/relaxation. The program aims to improve balance, cognitive function, and quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Symptoms are monitored to avoid overexertion or symptom exacerbation. |
| Conventional Group | Other | Behavioral: Conventional therapy groupParticipants receive conventional care for Multiple Sclerosis, including routine medical follow-up and standard physiotherapy if applicable. No specific motor imagery or vestibular rehabilitation exercises are administered. This group serves as a comparison to evaluate the effects of the experimental intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Confirmed using McDonald Criteria
- Patient diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
- Mild MS between 0-3 according to PDDS.
- Age from (18-45)
- Mild cognitive impairment
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Other neurological disorder, progressive multiple sclerosis Non-MS related vestibular disorders (e.g., BPPV, Meniere's disease) that would interfere with vestibular rehab.
- Severe Psychiatric Conditions (schizophrenia, bipolar, etc) Sever balance disorder Sever fatigue Medical instability eg (cardiovascular disease, respiratory, infections, severe uncontrolled diabetes, or severe visual impairments.) Sever cognitive impairment Pregnant Advance disability ( wheelchair , unable to stand ) Use of Vestibular-Suppressing Medications Non - speaker Arabic
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation groupThis 8-week program, 3 sessions/week, 55- 60 min each, includes 4 steps: Warm-up (5 min): Breathing exercises progressing from basic diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing (weeks 1-2), light movement with breathing (weeks 3-4), to Inspiratory Muscle Training device (weeks 5-8). Motor Imagery (15 min): Foundational phase (weeks 1-2) imagining basic movements, skills building (weeks 3-4) with functional daily tasks, advanced phase (weeks 5-8) imagining complex tasks, environmental and cognitive challenges (e.g., sports, obstacle navigation, walking on uneven surfaces). Vestibular Rehabilitation (15 min): Foundational (weeks 1-2) gaze stabilization and static balance (VOR, VSR, VCR), dynamic balance and dual-task exercises (weeks 3-6), advanced functional balance and vestibular-cognition integration (weeks 7-8). Cool-down (10 min): Relaxation and symptom monitoring to prevent overexertion, dizziness, or fatigue. | Behavioural | Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation Group |
| Conventional therapy groupThis 8-week program, 3 sessions/week, 55- 60 min each, includes: Warm-up: Seated/standing marching, neck and shoulder stretching. Strength \& Functional Movements: Sit-to-stand, side leg raises, step-ups. Core \& Upper Body: Bridge exercise, seated core activation, seated leg lifts, wall push-ups, seated shoulder press. Flexibility \& Balance: Calf and hamstring stretches, spinal flexibility, single-leg stance, lunges, tandem walking. Cool-down: Deep breathing and gentle stretching. | Behavioural | Conventional Group |
Primary outcome
Change in Cognitive Function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] Score)
Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks after intervention
It is a cognitive screening tool commonly used in clinics and research to assess individual cognitive impairment and its severity. It helps therapists evaluate a patient's cognitive function and identify changes over time by assessing mental capacity functions and takes about 10-15 minutes to complete., which includes Attention \& Concentration, Executive Functions, Memory, Language, Visuospatial Skills and Orientation (19). 1. The test is scored out of 30 points. 2. A score of 26 or higher is considered normal. 3. Scores below 26 may indicate mild cognitive impairment or early dementia.
Change in Balance Berg Balance Scale [ABBS] Score)
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8)
To assess balance and fall risk in Arabic-speaking patients with neurological disorders, lower scores indicate more severe balance problems (23). 1. 41-56: Low fall risk 2. 21-40: Moderate fall risk. 3. 0-20: High fall risk."
Change in Vestibular Function (Dynamic Visual Acuity [DVA] Test)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8.
DVA assesses visual acuity during head movement to evaluate vestibulo-ocular reflex integrity.It is a functional test designed to evaluate the integrity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which stabilizes the eyes during head motion. DVA is commonly employed to detect vestibular dysfunction and is particularly useful for evaluating vestibular function in patients experiencing dizziness, balance disorders, or conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), where vestibular dysfunction is common
Change in Vestibular Function (Head Impulse Test [HIT])
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Bedside assessment of semicircular canal/VOR function. Outcome recorded as presence/absence of corrective saccades and qualitative clinician rating of gain; improvement indicates better vestibular function.It is a clinical test used to identify deficits in the semicircular canals, especially the horizontal canal, and is useful for detecting peripheral vestibular deficits. It assesses the ability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to maintain stable vision during rapid, unpredictable head movements
Change in Cognitive Function (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS [BICAMS] Composite Score
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0) and Post-intervention (Week 8)
Cognition will be assessed using BICAMS (SDMT, CVLT-II, BVMT-R). A composite and subtest scores will be calculated; This test is valdiated in Egyption dialect. It is a specialized tool designed for patients with multiple sclerosis to assess their cognitive function. It is reliable, quick, and sensitive, making it useful for both clinical settings and research. The tool focuses on cognitive domains that are commonly affected in multiple sclerosis, such as memory, speed, and learning. It includes tests like the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R)
Change in balance (Timed Up and Go [TUG] Time)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Seconds to stand up, walk 3 m, turn, return, and sit. Lower times indicate better mobility; ≥12 s suggests increased fall risk.
Change in Disability Status (Patient-Determined Disease Steps [PDDS] Score)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8.
Self-reported disability (0-8); higher scores indicate greater disability.
1 secondary outcome
Change in Quality of Life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 [MSIS-29]
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Apr 2026.
- Background: PubMed 27050082Ozgen G, Karapolat H, Akkoc Y, Yuceyar N. Is customized vestibular rehabilitation effective in patients with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Aug;52(4):466-78. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
- Background: PubMed 29725348Abraham A, Hart A, Andrade I, Hackney ME. Dynamic Neuro-Cognitive Imagery Improves Mental Imagery Ability, Disease Severity, and Motor and Cognitive Functions in People with Parkinson's Disease. Neural Plast. 2018 Mar 14;2018:6168507. doi: 10.1155/2018/6168507. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 37932990Aljarallah S, Alkhathlan H, Almushawah A, Badahdah A, Alfaifi N, Abdulmaged-Ahmed DA, Alkhawajah NM. Performance of an Arabic translation of the patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale in Saudi patients with multiple sclerosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Nov 3;102(44):e35889. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035889.
- Background: PubMed 19260980Rahman TT, El Gaafary MM. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Arabic version: reliability and validity prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among elderly attending geriatric clubs in Cairo. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2009 Mar;9(1):54-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2008.00509.x.
- Background: PubMed 28262642Manago MM, Schenkman M, Berliner J, Hebert JR. Gaze stabilization and dynamic visual acuity in people with multiple sclerosis. J Vestib Res. 2016;26(5-6):469-477. doi: 10.3233/VES-160593.
- Background: PubMed 17579805Mulder T. Motor imagery and action observation: cognitive tools for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007;114(10):1265-78. doi: 10.1007/s00702-007-0763-z. Epub 2007 Jun 20.
- Background: PubMed 16870739Urgesi C, Moro V, Candidi M, Aglioti SM. Mapping implied body actions in the human motor system. J Neurosci. 2006 Jul 26;26(30):7942-9. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1289-06.2006.
- Background: PubMed 25887060Volz MS, Suarez-Contreras V, Portilla AL, Fregni F. Mental imagery-induced attention modulates pain perception and cortical excitability. BMC Neurosci. 2015 Mar 15;16:15. doi: 10.1186/s12868-015-0146-6.
- Background: PubMed 27216225Khan F, Amatya B. Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Feb;98(2):353-367. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.04.016. Epub 2016 May 20.
- Background: PubMed 28360754Efendi H. Clinically Isolated Syndromes: Clinical Characteristics, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2015 Dec;52(Suppl 1):S1-S11. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.12608. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
- Background: PubMed 33620411McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Feb 23;325(8):765-779. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.26858.
- Background: PubMed 38097800Habbestad A, Willumsen JS, Aarseth JH, Grytten N, Midgard R, Wergeland S, Myhr KM, Torkildsen O. Increasing age of multiple sclerosis onset from 1920 to 2022: a population-based study. J Neurol. 2024 Apr;271(4):1610-1617. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-12047-9. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
- Clinical characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis enrolled in a new registry in EgyptLink provided by the sponsor.
- Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Diagnoses and Cell-Based TherapyLink provided by the sponsor.
- Review of multiple sclerosis: Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatmentLink provided by the sponsor.
- Book Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation From Impairment to Participation Edited ByMarcia FinlaysonLink provided by the sponsor.
- Effectiveness of Motor Imagery on Motor Recovery in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic ReviewLink provided by the sponsor.
- The Effectiveness of Vestibular Rehabilitation on Balance Related Impairments among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic ReviewLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Merve Yılmaz Menek, Assoc. Prof study director
Assoc. Prof. Merve Yılmaz Menek
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Motor Imagery + Vestibular Rehabilitation group and Conventional therapy group in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - Relapsing-remitting, run by Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Gehad Salem menshawi, PT, MSc (Cand.) (+201040131964 ext. +905524590178, j.menshawi@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Cognitive Function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] Score) (time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks after intervention). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07230015, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Apr 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.