HealthyNCT07235124
Motivation and Neurotransmitters in Rowers
An observational study of Healthy, run by Poznan University of Physical Education at 1 site in Poland.
Trial summary
The goal of this observational study is to learn how motivation and body chemistry are linked during and after intense exercise in national-level rowers. The main questions this study aims to answer are: Do athletes with higher motivation show different changes in brain chemicals after exercise? How do hormone and… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- 6000-meter rowing ergometer test
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePoland
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2023to 2 Dec 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: All participants were recruited and tested at the Central Sports Centre - Olympic Preparation Center (COS OPO) in Wałcz, Poland, during a national team training camp under standardized conditions.
Who may be able to join
- National-level male rowers Age between 18 and 25 years Minimum of 3 years of systematic rowing training Regular training load (at least 10 sessions per week during the competitive season) Good general health and medical clearance for maximal exercise testing
Who cannot join
- Current illness, injury, or infection Use of medications or dietary supplements that could affect hormone or neurotransmitter levels Smoking or use of psychoactive substances Inadequate sleep or food intake before testing Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Poland1 site
Poznań University of Physical Education
Poznan, Greater Poland Voivodeship, 61-871
About this study
Official title: Psychobiological Correlates of Achievement Motivation and Neurotransmitter Responses to Exercise in Elite Rowers
The goal of this observational study is to learn how motivation and body chemistry are linked during and after intense exercise in national-level rowers.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Read more
Do athletes with higher motivation show different changes in brain chemicals after exercise? How do hormone and neurotransmitter levels change during recovery after exercise?
Participants will:
Complete a motivation questionnaire called the Inventory of Achievement Motivation (LMI) before the exercise test.
Perform a 6000-meter rowing test on an indoor rowing machine. Have blood samples taken three times: before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise.
Researchers will measure blood levels of testosterone, cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, beta-endorphin, anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).
This study will help researchers understand how motivation and body chemistry work together to influence performance and recovery in highly trained athletes.
Read the detailed description
This study explores how motivation and body chemistry are connected during and after intense physical exercise in national-level rowers. Researchers want to understand how psychological factors, such as motivation to achieve goals, relate to changes in hormones and brain chemicals that occur with exercise and recovery.
Before the exercise test, participants will complete a motivation questionnaire called the Inventory of Achievement Motivation (LMI). This questionnaire helps identify how strongly a person is driven to perform, overcome challenges, and reach success.
After the questionnaire, each participant will complete a 6000-meter rowing test on an indoor rowing machine. This test is designed to produce a high level of physical effort similar to competition conditions. Blood samples will be taken three times: before the test, immediately after the test, and one hour after recovery.
The blood samples will be used to measure levels of several hormones and neurotransmitters, including testosterone, cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, beta-endorphin, anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These substances are involved in stress response, motivation, reward, and recovery.
Researchers will compare the results from the motivation questionnaire with changes in hormone and neurotransmitter levels. The goal is to find out whether more motivated athletes show different chemical responses to exercise and recovery.
Findings from this study may improve understanding of how the mind and body interact during intense training. This knowledge could help athletes and coaches develop better ways to support motivation, performance, and recovery in high-level sports.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- 6000-meter rowing ergometer test
- Keywords
- Elite athletes, Fatigue, Recovery, Neurotransmitters, Achievement motivation
- Medical subject headings
- Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
6000-meter rowing ergometer testOther
Participants perform a 6000-meter rowing test on an indoor ergometer at maximal effort to simulate race conditions and induce physiological fatigue.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Rowers | The study includes 24 national-level male rowers. All participants are healthy, highly trained athletes with at least 3 years of systematic rowing experience and regular intensive training. Receives: Other: 6000-meter rowing ergometer test |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes in serum Cortisol levels
Measurement of Cortisol serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in serum Testosterone levels
Measurement of Testosterone serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in serum Dopamin levels
Measurement of Dopamin serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in serum Serotonin levels
Measurement of Serotonin serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in serum Beta-endorphin levels
Measurement of Beta-endorphin serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in serum anandamide (AEA) levels
Measurement of anandamide (AEA) serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in serum 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)) levels
Measurement of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Secondary outcomes (3)
Changes in Testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T:C)
Ratio calculated from serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations (ng/mL), used as an indicator of anabolic-catabolic balance.
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in TSerotonin-to-dopamine ratio (S:D)
Ratio of serum serotonin to dopamine concentrations (ng/mL), reflecting neurochemical balance related to motivation and fatigue.
Measured: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Achievement Motivation (LMI score)
Assessment of achievement motivation using the Inventory of Achievement Motivation (LMI). The questionnaire evaluates multiple dimensions of motivation, such as persistence, confidence in success, goal setting, and compensatory effort. Total and subscale scores are analyzed to identify individual motivational profiles.
Measured: Before exercise (baseline)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Nov 2025
- Study start1 Nov 2023
- Primary completion28 Nov 2023
- Study completion2 Dec 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Poznan University of Physical Education
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07235124
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- LMI60002023
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 18 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared. Data will be used only for internal analysis and dissemination in scientific publications in aggregate form, in accordance with ethical approval.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Psychobiological Correlates of Achievement Motivation and Neurotransmitter Responses to Exercise in Elite Rowers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07235124
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LMI60002023
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- Elite athletes, Fatigue, Recovery, Neurotransmitters, Achievement motivation
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Poznan University of Physical EducationUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 2 Dec 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this observational study is to learn how motivation and body chemistry are linked during and after intense exercise in national-level rowers.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Do athletes with higher motivation show different changes in brain chemicals after exercise? How do hormone and neurotransmitter levels change during recovery after exercise?
Participants will:
Complete a motivation questionnaire called the Inventory of Achievement Motivation (LMI) before the exercise test.
Perform a 6000-meter rowing test on an indoor rowing machine. Have blood samples taken three times: before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise.
Researchers will measure blood levels of testosterone, cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, beta-endorphin, anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).
This study will help researchers understand how motivation and body chemistry work together to influence performance and recovery in highly trained athletes.
Detailed description
This study explores how motivation and body chemistry are connected during and after intense physical exercise in national-level rowers. Researchers want to understand how psychological factors, such as motivation to achieve goals, relate to changes in hormones and brain chemicals that occur with exercise and recovery.
Before the exercise test, participants will complete a motivation questionnaire called the Inventory of Achievement Motivation (LMI). This questionnaire helps identify how strongly a person is driven to perform, overcome challenges, and reach success.
After the questionnaire, each participant will complete a 6000-meter rowing test on an indoor rowing machine. This test is designed to produce a high level of physical effort similar to competition conditions. Blood samples will be taken three times: before the test, immediately after the test, and one hour after recovery.
The blood samples will be used to measure levels of several hormones and neurotransmitters, including testosterone, cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, beta-endorphin, anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These substances are involved in stress response, motivation, reward, and recovery.
Researchers will compare the results from the motivation questionnaire with changes in hormone and neurotransmitter levels. The goal is to find out whether more motivated athletes show different chemical responses to exercise and recovery.
Findings from this study may improve understanding of how the mind and body interact during intense training. This knowledge could help athletes and coaches develop better ways to support motivation, performance, and recovery in high-level sports.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Rowers | – | Other: 6000-meter rowing ergometer testThe study includes 24 national-level male rowers. All participants are healthy, highly trained athletes with at least 3 years of systematic rowing experience and regular intensive training. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- All participants were recruited and tested at the Central Sports Centre - Olympic Preparation Center (COS OPO) in Wałcz, Poland, during a national team training camp under standardized conditions.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- National-level male rowers Age between 18 and 25 years Minimum of 3 years of systematic rowing training Regular training load (at least 10 sessions per week during the competitive season) Good general health and medical clearance for maximal exercise testing
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Current illness, injury, or infection Use of medications or dietary supplements that could affect hormone or neurotransmitter levels Smoking or use of psychoactive substances Inadequate sleep or food intake before testing Refusal or inability to provide informed consent
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| 6000-meter rowing ergometer testParticipants perform a 6000-meter rowing test on an indoor ergometer at maximal effort to simulate race conditions and induce physiological fatigue. | Other | Rowers |
Primary outcome
Changes in serum Cortisol levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of Cortisol serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Changes in serum Testosterone levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of Testosterone serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Changes in serum Dopamin levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of Dopamin serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Changes in serum Serotonin levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of Serotonin serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Changes in serum Beta-endorphin levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of Beta-endorphin serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Changes in serum anandamide (AEA) levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of anandamide (AEA) serum concentrations (ng/mL).
Changes in serum 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)) levels
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Measurement of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) serum concentrations (ng/mL).
3 secondary outcomes
Changes in Testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T:C)
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Changes in TSerotonin-to-dopamine ratio (S:D)
Time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery
Achievement Motivation (LMI score)
Time frame: Before exercise (baseline)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Sep 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared. Data will be used only for internal analysis and dissemination in scientific publications in aggregate form, in accordance with ethical approval.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy, run by Poznan University of Physical Education at 1 site in Poland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Poland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes in serum Cortisol levels (time frame: Before exercise, immediately after, and 1 hour after recovery). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Sep 2026.