Pes PlanusrPMS-FootNCT07237321
Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of Foot Muscles: Effects on Medial Longitudinal Arch Height and Foot Muscle Strength in Adults With Flat Feet
A study testing Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) in people with Pes Planus and Flatfoot, run by University of Ljubljana at 2 sites in Slovenia.
Trial summary
This study examines the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on foot invertor muscle strength, morphology, and the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) in individuals with flat feet. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Pes Planus, Flatfoot, Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
- What is being tested?
- Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesSlovenia
- Study dates
- 16 Dec 2025to 31 Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18 and 50 years,
- functionally flat feet of participants.
Who cannot join
- Acute leg injuries,
- diabetes,
- vascular disorders of the lower limbs,
- open wounds or skin lesions on the lower leg or foot,
- participants with metal implants near the stimulation site,
- cardiac pacemaker,
- other orthopedic or neurological conditions that could affect the study results or pose a health risk to the participants.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Slovenia2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Not yet recruiting
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000
- Recruiting
Faculty of Sports
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000
Rok Bavdek, PhD, 0028641866285, rokbavdek@gmail.com
Aleš Dolenec, PhD, Ales.Dolenec@fsp.uni-lj.si
About this study
Official title: Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of Foot Muscles
This study examines the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on foot invertor muscle strength, morphology, and the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) in individuals with flat feet. The rPMS will be applied non-invasively to the extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles three times per week for twelve weeks. The experimental group will receive rPMS targeting the invertor muscles of the foot, while the control group will not receive stimulation but will follow the same measurement schedule.
Assessments will be performed at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks of intervention. The primary outcome will be the change in the height of the MLA, evaluated using dynamic navicular drop assessment during gait. Secondary outcomes will include changes in the isometric inversion torque of the foot invertors and morphological adaptations of the tibialis posterior muscle assessed by ultrasound imaging.
This study seeks to determine whether rPMS can improve the height of the MLA, foot invertor muscle strength and structural stability in adults with flat feet. The findings may contribute to developing new, non-invasive therapeutic approaches for improving foot function and preventing musculoskeletal imbalances related to flat foot deformity.
Read the detailed description
During movement, the role of the foot muscles is often overlooked. Through their strength and stabilizing function, foot muscles play an important role in maintaining balance, posture, and force transmission throughout the body. Proper activation of these muscles also helps preserve the stability of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), thereby influencing the overall biomechanics of human movement.
The foot muscles are classified as extrinsic (originating outside the foot) and intrinsic (originating and inserting within the foot). Extrinsic muscles, primarily stabilize the ankle joint and control larger movements, whereas intrinsic muscles store and release elastic energy within the foot, contributing to arch support and movement efficiency.
A lowered height or collapsed arch of the foot, known as flat foot (pes planus), is characterized by arch flattening during weight-bearing and affects approximately 13-27% of the adult population. This deformity alters force distribution and shock absorption, increasing mechanical load on the joints and muscles of the lower kinetic chain. Consequently, flat feet are often associated with foot pain, tendinopathies, and different musculoskeletal disorders in the knees, hips, and lumbar spine.
One of the main causes of flat foot deformity is dysfunction of the tibialis posterior (TP) tendon. This dysfunction leads to reduced muscle strength, decreased neuromuscular activation of the foot invertors and plantar flexors, and subsequent lowering of the navicular bone, resulting in a reduced MLA height. Strengthening the m. TP not only maintains arch position but also improves gait efficiency by reducing compensatory activation of other muscles. This muscle is considered as the strongest foot invertor and has the largest moment arm along the subtalar axis.
Recent research highlights that strengthening foot invertor muscles, particularly m. TP, can effectively increase height of the MLA. Conventional interventions include specific exercise programs and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. However, neuromuscular electrical stimulation used in previous studies did not showed significant increases in MLA height, partly due to pain and discomfort during deep muscle stimulation.
Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasively alternative, capable of stimulating deep neuromuscular structures. Several studies have shown that high-frequency rPMS can induce muscle activation, transient swelling, and potential hypertrophy indicators. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on the long-term (multi-week) effects of rPMS on deep muscles such as the m. TP.
Aim of this research is to implement a 12-week rPMS protocol targeting both extrinsic and intrinsic foot invertor muscles, and to examine whether rPMS induces changes in the height of the MLA. Additionally, the study aims to determine whether 12-week rPMS protocol contributed to increased strength and cross-sectional area of the m. TP.
- Conditions
- Pes Planus, Flatfoot, Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
- Being tested
- Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS)
- Keywords
- Medial Longitudinal Arch, Flatfoot, rPMS, foot invertors, tibialis posterior, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation, foot, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, strength, ultrasound, muscle cross-sectional area
- Medical subject headings
- Flatfoot, Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS)Device
Also called Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation, rPMS, FMS, Functional Magnetic Stimulation
Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) will be applied to the foot invertor muscles three times per week for 12 weeks. Stimulation will target the upper third of the anteromedial side of the shin, near the tibia, using an oval magnetic coil. To ensure correct coil placement, visible muscle contraction and ankle inversion will be monitored. Intrinsic foot muscles will be simultaneously stimulated using a foot stimulator, with the nondominant foot positioned on the stimulation platform. Participants will perform isometric inversion contractions during rPMS to enhance neuromuscular activation and short-foot exercises to engage local foot stabilizers.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| rPMS Stimulation Group | Experimental | Subjects in this group will receive repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) of the foot invertor muscles three times per week for 12 weeks. Stimulation will be applied to the upper third of the anteromedial side of the shin. Intrinsic foot muscles will be simultaneously stimulated using a foot stimulator, with the nondominant foot placed on the stimulation platform. Participants in the experimental group will complete ultrasound imaging, navicular drop assessment, clinical evaluation of the plantar arch index, and isometric strength testing of the foot invertor muscles at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), after 6 weeks, and after 12-week stimulation period. Receives: Device: Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) |
| Control Group (no stimulation) | No intervention | Subjects in control group will not receive any stimulation but will undergo the same measurement procedures as the experimental group, including ultrasound imaging, navicular drop assessment, clinical evaluation of the plantar arch index, and isometric strength testing of the foot invertor muscles before and after the 6- and 12-week period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in medial longitudinal arch height
Measuring dynamic navicular drop assessment during the stance phase of gait.
Measured: Baseline (Day 1), Week 6, Week 12
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in isometric inversion torque of the stimulated foot
Measured using an special designed isometric device to assess maximal voluntary torque during foot inversion in subtalar exis.
Measured: Baseline (Day 1), Week 6, Week 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Nov 2025
- Study start16 Dec 2025
- Primary completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pes PlanusStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Ljubljana
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ales Dolenec, University of Ljubljana
- Investigators
- Rok Bavdek, PhD, Principal investigatorNejc Umek, MD PhD, Study director, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07237321
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- rPMS, 0124-0043
- Other IDs
- P5-0124, P3-0043
- Acronym
- rPMS-Foot
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 2 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All de-identified IPD (demographics, primary and secondary outcome measures) will be shared.
Publications
Zschorlich V, Yamaguchi T, Schneider C. Editorial: The use of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) in neurological disorders and neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2023 Nov 20;14:1324882. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1324882. eCollection 2023. No abstract available.
PubMed 38053798Hirono T, Ikezoe T, Taniguchi M, Nojiri S, Tanaka H, Ichihashi N. Acute effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation following low-intensity isometric exercise on muscle swelling for selective muscle in healthy young men. Electromagn Biol Med. 2021 Jul 3;40(3):420-427. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1907402. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
PubMed 33764250Masse-Alarie H, Flamand VH, Moffet H, Schneider C. Peripheral neurostimulation and specific motor training of deep abdominal muscles improve posturomotor control in chronic low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2013 Sep;29(9):814-23. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318276a058.
PubMed 23370067Neugebauer R. [Surgical treatment of colon cancer. 4. Preoperative preparation of the colon]. Aktuelle Probl Chir Orthop. 1979;(10):38-40. No abstract available. German.
PubMed 32789Baek J, Park N, Lee B, Jee S, Yang S, Kang S. Effects of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation Over Vastus Lateralis in Patients After Hip Replacement Surgery. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018 Feb;42(1):67-75. doi: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.67. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
PubMed 29560326Yang SS, Jee S, Hwang SL, Sohn MK. Strengthening of Quadriceps by Neuromuscular Magnetic Stimulation in Healthy Subjects. PM R. 2017 Aug;9(8):767-773. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.12.002. Epub 2017 Jan 8.
PubMed 28082179Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR. Prevalence of Flexible Flat Foot in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):AC17-AC20. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26566.10059. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
PubMed 28764143Kelly LA, Farris DJ, Cresswell AG, Lichtwark GA. Intrinsic foot muscles contribute to elastic energy storage and return in the human foot. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Jan 1;126(1):231-238. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00736.2018. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
PubMed 30462568Beaulieu LD, Schneider C. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation to reduce pain or improve sensorimotor impairments: A literature review on parameters of application and afferents recruitment. Neurophysiol Clin. 2015 Sep;45(3):223-37. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
PubMed 26363684Ross MH, Smith MD, Mellor R, Vicenzino B. Exercise for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials and clinical guidelines. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018 Sep 19;4(1):e000430. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000430. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 30271611Kohls-Gatzoulis J, Angel JC, Singh D, Haddad F, Livingstone J, Berry G. Tibialis posterior dysfunction: a common and treatable cause of adult acquired flatfoot. BMJ. 2004 Dec 4;329(7478):1328-33. doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7478.1328. No abstract available.
PubMed 15576744Jia Y, Sai X, Zhang E. Comparing the efficacy of exercise therapy on adult flexible flatfoot individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 11;14(1):21186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72149-w.
PubMed 39261538Hegazy F, Aboelnasr E, Abuzaid M, Kim IJ, Salem Y. Comparing Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of Clarke's Angle and Foot Posture Index-6 to Determine Flexible Flatfoot in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Investigation. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021 Sep 27;14:2705-2717. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S317439. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34611407Michaudet C, Edenfield KM, Nicolette GW, Carek PJ. Foot and Ankle Conditions: Pes Planus. FP Essent. 2018 Feb;465:18-23.
PubMed 29381041Dowling GJ, Murley GS, Munteanu SE, Smith MM, Neal BS, Griffiths IB, Barton CJ, Collins NJ. Dynamic foot function as a risk factor for lower limb overuse injury: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2014 Dec 19;7(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13047-014-0053-6. eCollection 2014.
PubMed 25598843
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of Foot Muscles
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07237321
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- rPMS-Foot / rPMS, 0124-0043
- Conditions
- Pes Planus, Flatfoot, Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
- Keywords
- Medial Longitudinal Arch, Flatfoot, rPMS, foot invertors, tibialis posterior, repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation, foot, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of LjubljanaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine
- Study start
- 16 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 19 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study examines the effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on foot invertor muscle strength, morphology, and the height of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) in individuals with flat feet. The rPMS will be applied non-invasively to the extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles three times per week for twelve weeks. The experimental group will receive rPMS targeting the invertor muscles of the foot, while the control group will not receive stimulation but will follow the same measurement schedule.
Assessments will be performed at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks of intervention. The primary outcome will be the change in the height of the MLA, evaluated using dynamic navicular drop assessment during gait. Secondary outcomes will include changes in the isometric inversion torque of the foot invertors and morphological adaptations of the tibialis posterior muscle assessed by ultrasound imaging.
This study seeks to determine whether rPMS can improve the height of the MLA, foot invertor muscle strength and structural stability in adults with flat feet. The findings may contribute to developing new, non-invasive therapeutic approaches for improving foot function and preventing musculoskeletal imbalances related to flat foot deformity.
Detailed description
During movement, the role of the foot muscles is often overlooked. Through their strength and stabilizing function, foot muscles play an important role in maintaining balance, posture, and force transmission throughout the body. Proper activation of these muscles also helps preserve the stability of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), thereby influencing the overall biomechanics of human movement.
The foot muscles are classified as extrinsic (originating outside the foot) and intrinsic (originating and inserting within the foot). Extrinsic muscles, primarily stabilize the ankle joint and control larger movements, whereas intrinsic muscles store and release elastic energy within the foot, contributing to arch support and movement efficiency.
A lowered height or collapsed arch of the foot, known as flat foot (pes planus), is characterized by arch flattening during weight-bearing and affects approximately 13-27% of the adult population. This deformity alters force distribution and shock absorption, increasing mechanical load on the joints and muscles of the lower kinetic chain. Consequently, flat feet are often associated with foot pain, tendinopathies, and different musculoskeletal disorders in the knees, hips, and lumbar spine.
One of the main causes of flat foot deformity is dysfunction of the tibialis posterior (TP) tendon. This dysfunction leads to reduced muscle strength, decreased neuromuscular activation of the foot invertors and plantar flexors, and subsequent lowering of the navicular bone, resulting in a reduced MLA height. Strengthening the m. TP not only maintains arch position but also improves gait efficiency by reducing compensatory activation of other muscles. This muscle is considered as the strongest foot invertor and has the largest moment arm along the subtalar axis.
Recent research highlights that strengthening foot invertor muscles, particularly m. TP, can effectively increase height of the MLA. Conventional interventions include specific exercise programs and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. However, neuromuscular electrical stimulation used in previous studies did not showed significant increases in MLA height, partly due to pain and discomfort during deep muscle stimulation.
Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasively alternative, capable of stimulating deep neuromuscular structures. Several studies have shown that high-frequency rPMS can induce muscle activation, transient swelling, and potential hypertrophy indicators. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on the long-term (multi-week) effects of rPMS on deep muscles such as the m. TP.
Aim of this research is to implement a 12-week rPMS protocol targeting both extrinsic and intrinsic foot invertor muscles, and to examine whether rPMS induces changes in the height of the MLA. Additionally, the study aims to determine whether 12-week rPMS protocol contributed to increased strength and cross-sectional area of the m. TP.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| rPMS Stimulation Group | Experimental | Device: Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS)Subjects in this group will receive repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) of the foot invertor muscles three times per week for 12 weeks. Stimulation will be applied to the upper third of the anteromedial side of the shin. Intrinsic foot muscles will be simultaneously stimulated using a foot stimulator, with the nondominant foot placed on the stimulation platform. Participants in the experimental group will complete ultrasound imaging, navicular drop assessment, clinical evaluation of the plantar arch index, and isometric strength testing of the foot invertor muscles at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), after 6 weeks, and after 12-week stimulation period. |
| Control Group (no stimulation) | No intervention | –Subjects in control group will not receive any stimulation but will undergo the same measurement procedures as the experimental group, including ultrasound imaging, navicular drop assessment, clinical evaluation of the plantar arch index, and isometric strength testing of the foot invertor muscles before and after the 6- and 12-week period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Age between 18 and 50 years,
- functionally flat feet of participants.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Acute leg injuries,
- diabetes,
- vascular disorders of the lower limbs,
- open wounds or skin lesions on the lower leg or foot,
- participants with metal implants near the stimulation site,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS)Also: Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation, rPMS, FMS, Functional Magnetic StimulationRepetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) will be applied to the foot invertor muscles three times per week for 12 weeks. Stimulation will target the upper third of the anteromedial side of the shin, near the tibia, using an oval magnetic coil. To ensure correct coil placement, visible muscle contraction and ankle inversion will be monitored. Intrinsic foot muscles will be simultaneously stimulated using a foot stimulator, with the nondominant foot positioned on the stimulation platform. Participants will perform isometric inversion contractions during rPMS to enhance neuromuscular activation and short-foot exercises to engage local foot stabilizers. | Device | rPMS Stimulation Group |
Primary outcome
Change in medial longitudinal arch height
Time frame: Baseline (Day 1), Week 6, Week 12
Measuring dynamic navicular drop assessment during the stance phase of gait.
1 secondary outcome
Change in isometric inversion torque of the stimulated foot
Time frame: Baseline (Day 1), Week 6, Week 12
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Jun 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 38053798Zschorlich V, Yamaguchi T, Schneider C. Editorial: The use of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) in neurological disorders and neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2023 Nov 20;14:1324882. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1324882. eCollection 2023. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 33764250Hirono T, Ikezoe T, Taniguchi M, Nojiri S, Tanaka H, Ichihashi N. Acute effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation following low-intensity isometric exercise on muscle swelling for selective muscle in healthy young men. Electromagn Biol Med. 2021 Jul 3;40(3):420-427. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1907402. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
- Results publication: PubMed 23370067Masse-Alarie H, Flamand VH, Moffet H, Schneider C. Peripheral neurostimulation and specific motor training of deep abdominal muscles improve posturomotor control in chronic low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2013 Sep;29(9):814-23. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318276a058.
- Results publication: PubMed 32789Neugebauer R. [Surgical treatment of colon cancer. 4. Preoperative preparation of the colon]. Aktuelle Probl Chir Orthop. 1979;(10):38-40. No abstract available. German.
- Results publication: PubMed 29560326Baek J, Park N, Lee B, Jee S, Yang S, Kang S. Effects of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation Over Vastus Lateralis in Patients After Hip Replacement Surgery. Ann Rehabil Med. 2018 Feb;42(1):67-75. doi: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.67. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
- Results publication: PubMed 28082179Yang SS, Jee S, Hwang SL, Sohn MK. Strengthening of Quadriceps by Neuromuscular Magnetic Stimulation in Healthy Subjects. PM R. 2017 Aug;9(8):767-773. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.12.002. Epub 2017 Jan 8.
- Results publication: PubMed 28764143Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR. Prevalence of Flexible Flat Foot in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):AC17-AC20. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26566.10059. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
- Results publication: PubMed 30462568Kelly LA, Farris DJ, Cresswell AG, Lichtwark GA. Intrinsic foot muscles contribute to elastic energy storage and return in the human foot. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Jan 1;126(1):231-238. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00736.2018. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
- Results publication: PubMed 26363684Beaulieu LD, Schneider C. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation to reduce pain or improve sensorimotor impairments: A literature review on parameters of application and afferents recruitment. Neurophysiol Clin. 2015 Sep;45(3):223-37. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 30271611Ross MH, Smith MD, Mellor R, Vicenzino B. Exercise for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials and clinical guidelines. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018 Sep 19;4(1):e000430. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000430. eCollection 2018.
- Results publication: PubMed 15576744Kohls-Gatzoulis J, Angel JC, Singh D, Haddad F, Livingstone J, Berry G. Tibialis posterior dysfunction: a common and treatable cause of adult acquired flatfoot. BMJ. 2004 Dec 4;329(7478):1328-33. doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7478.1328. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 39261538Jia Y, Sai X, Zhang E. Comparing the efficacy of exercise therapy on adult flexible flatfoot individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 11;14(1):21186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72149-w.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All de-identified IPD (demographics, primary and secondary outcome measures) will be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Rok Bavdek, PhD principal investigator
Nejc Umek, MD PhD study director
Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) in people with Pes Planus and Flatfoot, run by University of Ljubljana at 2 sites in Slovenia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Slovenia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Rok Bavdek, PhD (0038641866285, rok.bavdek@gimkr.si), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in medial longitudinal arch height (time frame: Baseline (Day 1), Week 6, Week 12). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07237321, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Jun 2026.