Renal Failure ChronicNCT07238374
The Effect of Various Music Therapies and Robotic Parrot Therapy on Anxiety and Fatigue Levels
A study testing Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy), Live Music (Pet therapy) and Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy) in people with Renal Failure Chronic and Anxiety, run by Karadeniz Technical University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of robotic parrot therapy, live music, and live ney sound therapy on anxiety and fatigue levels in hemodialysis patients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Renal Failure Chronic, Anxiety, Fatigue
- What is being tested?
- Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy), Live Music (Pet therapy) and Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy)
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 12 Oct 2023to 12 Feb 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Receiving hemodialysis treatment 3 times per week,
- Having received regular hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months,
- Being conscious and able to communicate, with no impairment in mental and cognitive functions,
- Not having previously received music therapy or pet therapy.
Who cannot join
- Refusal to participate in the study,
- Being 18 years of age or younger,
- Having severe hearing loss,
- Hemodynamic status not being stable.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Various Music Therapies and Robotic Parrot Therapy on Anxiety and Fatigue Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of robotic parrot therapy, live music, and live ney sound therapy on anxiety and fatigue levels in hemodialysis patients.
Read the detailed description
Although the life-saving effects of hemodialysis treatment are indisputable, this treatment process can also bring serious problems. In particular, the frequency and length of hemodialysis sessions, inherent in their nature, cause physical exhaustion in patients and also create a significant psychological burden. Clinical studies and observational research have demonstrated that high levels of anxiety and persistent fatigue are frequently observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The prevalence of these symptoms is a consistent finding that negatively affects both patients' overall quality of life and their adherence to the treatment regimen. In this context, in addition to standard medical treatment approaches, the need for holistic and non-pharmacological support methods focused on supporting patients' psychological well-being has become critically important.
In line with this need, complementary practices such as music therapy and pet therapy are gaining increasing attention in the field of chronic disease management. Music therapy has emerged as an effective tool in alleviating symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and pain in hemodialysis patients, as demonstrated by evidence-based studies. The positive effects of listening to instrumental music or music selected by the patient on psychological symptoms are also supported by meta-analyses. However, while the vast majority of studies in music therapy focus on passive listening, the effects of different instrumental types of live music, which may have a higher therapeutic effect, have not been sufficiently investigated. In particular, there are very few studies examining the specific and comparative interactions on the symptom of fatigue, which is common and difficult to treat in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of different live music approaches is a primary research requirement.
On the other hand, pet therapy has been clearly proven to reduce anxiety and loneliness levels in studies conducted on the general population and psychiatric patients. Parrots, in particular, have been used in therapeutic work due to their social interaction and vocal mimicry abilities. In the reviewed literature, only one unpublished doctoral thesis has been found internationally that uses live parrot therapy in mental health. In Turkey, no studies using parrot therapy have been found. However, the introduction of live animals into environments with high infection risks, such as dialysis units, is not recommended due to practical and ethical barriers, including strict hygiene standards and allergy potential. These limiting factors create a need for robotic alternatives that can mimic the social interaction and distraction benefits of pet therapy.
In this context, robotic parrots are an innovative tool that can deliver the benefits of pet therapy without hygiene and safety concerns. Previous research has shown that parrot-inspired robots are successful in capturing the attention and increasing the social participation of individuals who experience difficulties in social interaction. Therefore, it is thought that the use of such interactive robotic parrots with sound and music repetition features during hemodialysis sessions could create a new source of emotional and cognitive support for patients and have a positive effect on symptoms such as anxiety and fatigue.
Considering all this information, this study aims to compare the effects of robotic parrot therapy and different instrumental live music therapy approaches on anxiety and fatigue in hemodialysis patients for the first time using a double-blind randomized controlled design. The scientific data obtained will guide the development of evidence-based and innovative intervention protocols that support traditional medical care .
- Conditions
- Renal Failure Chronic, Anxiety, Fatigue
- Being tested
- Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy), Live Music (Pet therapy), Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy)
- Keywords
- Anxiety, Complementary therapies, Fatigue, Hemodialysis, Music therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Anxiety Disorders, Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy)Other
Patients in the experimental groups underwent 30-minute therapy sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In robotic parrot therapy, patients were asked to sing and listen to the robotic parrot's repetition.
Live Music (Pet therapy)Other
Patients in the experimental groups underwent 30-minute therapy sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In live music therapy, songs were performed accompanied by instruments such as guitar and darbuka.
Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy)Other
Patients in the experimental groups underwent 30-minute therapy sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In live ney sound therapy, only instrumental music was performed using the ney.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot | Experimental | Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Patient Information Form", "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale". The "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale) were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test). Receives: Other: Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy) |
| Live Music | Experimental | Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Patient Information Form", "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale". The "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale) were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test). Receives: Other: Live Music (Pet therapy) |
| Live Ney Sound | Experimental | Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Patient Information Form", "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale". The "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale) were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test). Receives: Other: Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy) |
| Control Group | No intervention | Patients in this group did not receive any intervention from the researcher for 16 weeks. The "Patient Information Form," "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were administered at the pre-test. Subsequently,"Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" measurements were repeated in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th months (16th week/final test). |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Fatigue Severity Scale
The scale generally consists of 9 items. The items inquire about the effect of fatigue on cognitive functions such as motivation, exercise, physical functioning, daily living activities, and attention/concentration. The rating uses a 7-point Likert-type format. The individual indicates their level of agreement with each item by selecting a score between 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree). The total score ranges from 9 to 63. A total score of 36 or higher generally indicates the presence of clinically significant fatigue.
Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Fatigue Severity Scale". The Fatigue Severity Scale were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scale were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test).
Measured: 16 week
Beck Anxiety Scale
The Scale measures both the cognitive/emotional and somatic (physical) components of anxiety, asking participants to rate the degree to which each symptom has bothered them in the past week on a scale from 0 (Not at all) to 3 (To a great extent). The total score obtained from the scale, ranging from 0 to 63, reflects the severity of anxiety; according to common interpretation, a score between 8 and 15 indicates mild anxiety, between 16 and 25 indicates moderate anxiety, and between 26 and 63 indicates severe anxiety.
Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Beck Anxiety Scale". TheBeck Anxiety Scale were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scale were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test).
Measured: 16 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Nov 2025
- Study start12 Oct 2023
- Primary completion12 Dec 2023
- Study completion12 Feb 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Renal Failure ChronicStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The sample size was calculated using the G\*Power 3.1.9.6 program with an error rate of α=0.05. Since there were no previous four-group studies on the subject, no reference could be used. with an effect size of 0.2 and a target test power of 0.80 (90%), a total of 68 patients (17 per group) were calculated for the four groups (music-repeating robotic parrot, live music, live ney sound, and control group). Taking into account situations such as wanting to leave the study or death during the research, each group was increased by 10%, and a total of 76 patients were included in the study, with 19 patients in each group. The study was completed with 64 HD patients.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karadeniz Technical University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hatice Demirağ, Ph.D, Karadeniz Technical University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07238374
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RCS04082023
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 20 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: I'll decide later
Publications
Demirag H, Cin A, Aktepe Cosar D, Uzun S, Turkmen OO. The Effect of Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot Therapy and Different Instrumental Live Music Therapies on Anxiety and Fatigue Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hemodial Int. 2026 Jul;30(3):605-616. doi: 10.1111/hdi.70075. Epub 2026 May 14.
PubMed 42135264
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Various Music Therapies and Robotic Parrot Therapy on Anxiety and Fatigue Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07238374
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RCS04082023
- Conditions
- Renal Failure Chronic, Anxiety, Fatigue
- Keywords
- Anxiety, Complementary therapies, Fatigue, Hemodialysis, Music therapy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karadeniz Technical UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 12 Feb 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of robotic parrot therapy, live music, and live ney sound therapy on anxiety and fatigue levels in hemodialysis patients.
Detailed description
Although the life-saving effects of hemodialysis treatment are indisputable, this treatment process can also bring serious problems. In particular, the frequency and length of hemodialysis sessions, inherent in their nature, cause physical exhaustion in patients and also create a significant psychological burden. Clinical studies and observational research have demonstrated that high levels of anxiety and persistent fatigue are frequently observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The prevalence of these symptoms is a consistent finding that negatively affects both patients' overall quality of life and their adherence to the treatment regimen. In this context, in addition to standard medical treatment approaches, the need for holistic and non-pharmacological support methods focused on supporting patients' psychological well-being has become critically important.
In line with this need, complementary practices such as music therapy and pet therapy are gaining increasing attention in the field of chronic disease management. Music therapy has emerged as an effective tool in alleviating symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and pain in hemodialysis patients, as demonstrated by evidence-based studies. The positive effects of listening to instrumental music or music selected by the patient on psychological symptoms are also supported by meta-analyses. However, while the vast majority of studies in music therapy focus on passive listening, the effects of different instrumental types of live music, which may have a higher therapeutic effect, have not been sufficiently investigated. In particular, there are very few studies examining the specific and comparative interactions on the symptom of fatigue, which is common and difficult to treat in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of different live music approaches is a primary research requirement.
On the other hand, pet therapy has been clearly proven to reduce anxiety and loneliness levels in studies conducted on the general population and psychiatric patients. Parrots, in particular, have been used in therapeutic work due to their social interaction and vocal mimicry abilities. In the reviewed literature, only one unpublished doctoral thesis has been found internationally that uses live parrot therapy in mental health. In Turkey, no studies using parrot therapy have been found. However, the introduction of live animals into environments with high infection risks, such as dialysis units, is not recommended due to practical and ethical barriers, including strict hygiene standards and allergy potential. These limiting factors create a need for robotic alternatives that can mimic the social interaction and distraction benefits of pet therapy.
In this context, robotic parrots are an innovative tool that can deliver the benefits of pet therapy without hygiene and safety concerns. Previous research has shown that parrot-inspired robots are successful in capturing the attention and increasing the social participation of individuals who experience difficulties in social interaction. Therefore, it is thought that the use of such interactive robotic parrots with sound and music repetition features during hemodialysis sessions could create a new source of emotional and cognitive support for patients and have a positive effect on symptoms such as anxiety and fatigue.
Considering all this information, this study aims to compare the effects of robotic parrot therapy and different instrumental live music therapy approaches on anxiety and fatigue in hemodialysis patients for the first time using a double-blind randomized controlled design. The scientific data obtained will guide the development of evidence-based and innovative intervention protocols that support traditional medical care .
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- The sample size was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.6 program with an error rate of α=0.05. Since there were no previous four-group studies on the subject, no reference could be used. with an effect size of 0.2 and a target test power of 0.80 (90%), a total of 68 patients (17 per group) were calculated for the four groups (music-repeating robotic parrot, live music, live ney sound, and control group). Taking into account situations such as wanting to leave the study or death during the research, each group was increased by 10%, and a total of 76 patients were included in the study, with 19 patients in each group. The study was completed with 64 HD patients.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot | Experimental | Other: Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy)Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Patient Information Form", "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale". The "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale) were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test). |
| Live Music | Experimental | Other: Live Music (Pet therapy)Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Patient Information Form", "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale". The "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale) were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test). |
| Live Ney Sound | Experimental | Other: Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy)Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Patient Information Form", "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale". The "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scales (Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale) were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test). |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Patients in this group did not receive any intervention from the researcher for 16 weeks. The "Patient Information Form," "Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" were administered at the pre-test. Subsequently,"Fatigue Severity Scale" and "Beck Anxiety Scale" measurements were repeated in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th months (16th week/final test). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Receiving hemodialysis treatment 3 times per week,
- Having received regular hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months,
- Being conscious and able to communicate, with no impairment in mental and cognitive functions,
- Not having previously received music therapy or pet therapy.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Refusal to participate in the study,
- Being 18 years of age or younger,
- Having severe hearing loss,
- Hemodynamic status not being stable.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy)Patients in the experimental groups underwent 30-minute therapy sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In robotic parrot therapy, patients were asked to sing and listen to the robotic parrot's repetition. | Other | Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot |
| Live Music (Pet therapy)Patients in the experimental groups underwent 30-minute therapy sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In live music therapy, songs were performed accompanied by instruments such as guitar and darbuka. | Other | Live Music |
| Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy)Patients in the experimental groups underwent 30-minute therapy sessions 3 days a week for 8 weeks. In live ney sound therapy, only instrumental music was performed using the ney. | Other | Live Ney Sound |
Primary outcome
Fatigue Severity Scale
Time frame: 16 week
The scale generally consists of 9 items. The items inquire about the effect of fatigue on cognitive functions such as motivation, exercise, physical functioning, daily living activities, and attention/concentration. The rating uses a 7-point Likert-type format. The individual indicates their level of agreement with each item by selecting a score between 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree). The total score ranges from 9 to 63. A total score of 36 or higher generally indicates the presence of clinically significant fatigue. Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Fatigue Severity Scale". The Fatigue Severity Scale were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scale were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test).
Beck Anxiety Scale
Time frame: 16 week
The Scale measures both the cognitive/emotional and somatic (physical) components of anxiety, asking participants to rate the degree to which each symptom has bothered them in the past week on a scale from 0 (Not at all) to 3 (To a great extent). The total score obtained from the scale, ranging from 0 to 63, reflects the severity of anxiety; according to common interpretation, a score between 8 and 15 indicates mild anxiety, between 16 and 25 indicates moderate anxiety, and between 26 and 63 indicates severe anxiety. Before the study (week 0/pre-test), data were collected from all participants using the "Beck Anxiety Scale". TheBeck Anxiety Scale were re-administered at the end of the 1st and 2nd months of the therapy process. Following the end of the application, patients were monitored without therapy for 8 weeks, and these scale were evaluated for the last time in the 3rd and 4th months (16th week/final test).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Nov 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42135264Demirag H, Cin A, Aktepe Cosar D, Uzun S, Turkmen OO. The Effect of Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot Therapy and Different Instrumental Live Music Therapies on Anxiety and Fatigue Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hemodial Int. 2026 Jul;30(3):605-616. doi: 10.1111/hdi.70075. Epub 2026 May 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. I'll decide later
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Music-Repeating Robotic Parrot (Pet therapy), Live Music (Pet therapy) and Live Ney Sound (Pet therapy) in people with Renal Failure Chronic and Anxiety, run by Karadeniz Technical University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Fatigue Severity Scale (time frame: 16 week). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07238374, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Nov 2025.