SmokersNCT07241624
Isometric Versus Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength Training on Lung Function in Heavy Smokers
A study testing Isometric trunk exercises and Isotonic trunk exercises in people with Smokers, run by MTI University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
Smoking is a major public health concern, significantly affecting lung function and overall respiratory health. Heavy smoking leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and a decline in lung capacity. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 45 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Smokers
- What is being tested?
- Isometric trunk exercises and Isotonic trunk exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 15 Oct 2025to 16 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 45 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals aged 20-45 years
- Self-reported heavy smokers (defined as smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day
- No participation in structured exercise programs in the past 6 months
- Capable of performing physical exercises
Who cannot join
- Diagnosed respiratory conditions other than smoking-related diseases (e.g., asthma)
- Cardiovascular diseases prohibiting physical exercise
- Recent surgeries or injuries affecting the trunk muscles
- Pregnant women
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Smoking is a major public health concern, significantly affecting lung function and overall respiratory health. Heavy smoking leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and a decline in lung capacity. Exercise interventions, particularly those targeting the trunk muscles; have demonstrated potential in improving respiratory function. Trunk muscle strength is essential for optimal breathing mechanics, as these muscles support the chest wall and aid in the expansion and contraction of the lungs.
There are two primary types of muscle strength training: isometric and isotonic. Isometric exercises involve static contractions where the muscle length does not change, while isotonic exercises involve dynamic movements with muscle lengthening and shortening. Each type of training offers unique benefits and impacts on muscle strength and endurance. This proposal aims to compare the effects of isometric versus isotonic trunk muscle strength training on lung function among heavy smokers, providing insights into their relative efficacy in improving respiratory health. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of Isometric versus Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength Training on Lung Function in Heavy Smokers.
Read the detailed description
Smoking is the practice of inhaling and exhaling smoke from burning plant material, most commonly tobacco, which contains the addictive substance nicotine. It is a major public health concern and the leading preventable cause of death and disease, as it damages nearly every organ and significantly increases the risk for many conditions like various cancers, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases such as COPD. Quitting smoking can reverse many of these effects.
Smoking has long been identified as a major risk factor for a variety of health issues, and its impact on physical fitness and muscle power is an area of growing concern. Trunk muscle power, which is crucial for maintaining posture, stability, and overall functional movement, can be significantly affected by smoking. The primary mechanism through which smoking influences trunk muscle power lies in its detrimental effects on cardiovascular health and respiratory function. Nicotine and other harmful substances in cigarettes reduce oxygen supply to muscles, impairing their ability to generate power efficiently. This reduction in oxygen availability not only affects muscle endurance but also increases fatigue, hindering the muscle's capacity to function effectively during physical activities.
Moreover, smoking contributes to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can compromise muscle health. Chronic inflammation can lead to muscle wasting and weaken the structural integrity of muscle fibers, including those of the trunk muscles. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects, accelerates muscle degradation and impairs muscle recovery post-exercise. This is particularly detrimental to trunk muscles, which are constantly engaged in stabilizing and supporting the body. The cumulative effect of these processes results in diminished muscle power and functional capacity, ultimately affecting an individual's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.
In addition, smoking is often associated with a sedentary lifestyle, which further exacerbates the decline in trunk muscle power. Smokers may experience reduced motivation to engage in physical exercise due to decreased lung capacity and higher perceived exertion during activities. This lack of exercise contributes to muscle atrophy and a loss of muscle strength and power. Thus, the combination of smoking-induced physiological changes and lifestyle factors creates a cycle of declining muscle power. Addressing smoking cessation and promoting physical activity can therefore be vital strategies in preserving trunk muscle power and overall health, highlighting the importance of integrating health education and smoking cessation programs in health curricula.
- Conditions
- Smokers
- Being tested
- Isometric trunk exercises, Isotonic trunk exercises
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Isometric trunk exercisesOther
isometric trunk exercises, such as planks and static bridges, three times a week.
Isotonic trunk exercisesOther
isotonic exercises, such as sit-ups and Russian twists, also three times a week.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric Trunk Muscle Strength | Experimental | Participants will perform a series of isometric trunk exercises, such as planks and static bridges, three times a week Receives: Other: Isometric trunk exercises |
| Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength | Experimental | Participants will engage in isotonic exercises, such as sit-ups and Russian twists, also three times a week. Receives: Other: Isotonic trunk exercises |
| Control | No intervention | no intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) Moreover, smoking contributes to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can compromise muscle health. Chronic inflammation can lead to muscle wasting and weaken the structural integrity of
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) is a crucial measure of lung function that quantifies the volume of air a person can forcefully exhale in one second after a deep breath. It is used to assess the presence and severity of respiratory conditions
Measured: at baseline after 8 weeks
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is the maximum amount of air a person can forcibly exhale from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible.
Measured: at base line after 8 weeks
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) is the maximum speed at which a person can exhale, providing a measure of airway obstruction in conditions like asthma. It's assessed using a peak flow meter to monitor respiratory health and guide treatment decisions.
Measured: at baseline and after 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Trunk muscle strength
Trunk muscle strength refers to the power and endurance of the core muscles, including the abdominal and lower back, which are essential for maintaining posture, stability, and efficient movement in daily activities.
Measured: At baseline after 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2025
- Study start15 Oct 2025
- Primary completion15 Jan 2026
- Study completion16 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for SmokersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Single Blind ,RCT
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- MTI University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Abd El hady El Fahl,ph.d, MTI University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07241624
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IRB # 31/7/2024-2025
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 23 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Isometric Versus Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength Training on Lung Function in Heavy Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07241624
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IRB # 31/7/2024-2025
- Conditions
- Smokers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- MTI UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 16 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Smoking is a major public health concern, significantly affecting lung function and overall respiratory health. Heavy smoking leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and a decline in lung capacity. Exercise interventions, particularly those targeting the trunk muscles; have demonstrated potential in improving respiratory function. Trunk muscle strength is essential for optimal breathing mechanics, as these muscles support the chest wall and aid in the expansion and contraction of the lungs.
There are two primary types of muscle strength training: isometric and isotonic. Isometric exercises involve static contractions where the muscle length does not change, while isotonic exercises involve dynamic movements with muscle lengthening and shortening. Each type of training offers unique benefits and impacts on muscle strength and endurance. This proposal aims to compare the effects of isometric versus isotonic trunk muscle strength training on lung function among heavy smokers, providing insights into their relative efficacy in improving respiratory health. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of Isometric versus Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength Training on Lung Function in Heavy Smokers.
Detailed description
Smoking is the practice of inhaling and exhaling smoke from burning plant material, most commonly tobacco, which contains the addictive substance nicotine. It is a major public health concern and the leading preventable cause of death and disease, as it damages nearly every organ and significantly increases the risk for many conditions like various cancers, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases such as COPD. Quitting smoking can reverse many of these effects.
Smoking has long been identified as a major risk factor for a variety of health issues, and its impact on physical fitness and muscle power is an area of growing concern. Trunk muscle power, which is crucial for maintaining posture, stability, and overall functional movement, can be significantly affected by smoking. The primary mechanism through which smoking influences trunk muscle power lies in its detrimental effects on cardiovascular health and respiratory function. Nicotine and other harmful substances in cigarettes reduce oxygen supply to muscles, impairing their ability to generate power efficiently. This reduction in oxygen availability not only affects muscle endurance but also increases fatigue, hindering the muscle's capacity to function effectively during physical activities.
Moreover, smoking contributes to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can compromise muscle health. Chronic inflammation can lead to muscle wasting and weaken the structural integrity of muscle fibers, including those of the trunk muscles. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects, accelerates muscle degradation and impairs muscle recovery post-exercise. This is particularly detrimental to trunk muscles, which are constantly engaged in stabilizing and supporting the body. The cumulative effect of these processes results in diminished muscle power and functional capacity, ultimately affecting an individual's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.
In addition, smoking is often associated with a sedentary lifestyle, which further exacerbates the decline in trunk muscle power. Smokers may experience reduced motivation to engage in physical exercise due to decreased lung capacity and higher perceived exertion during activities. This lack of exercise contributes to muscle atrophy and a loss of muscle strength and power. Thus, the combination of smoking-induced physiological changes and lifestyle factors creates a cycle of declining muscle power. Addressing smoking cessation and promoting physical activity can therefore be vital strategies in preserving trunk muscle power and overall health, highlighting the importance of integrating health education and smoking cessation programs in health curricula.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Single Blind ,RCT
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric Trunk Muscle Strength | Experimental | Other: Isometric trunk exercisesParticipants will perform a series of isometric trunk exercises, such as planks and static bridges, three times a week |
| Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength | Experimental | Other: Isotonic trunk exercisesParticipants will engage in isotonic exercises, such as sit-ups and Russian twists, also three times a week. |
| Control | No intervention | –no intervention |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Individuals aged 20-45 years
- Self-reported heavy smokers (defined as smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day
- No participation in structured exercise programs in the past 6 months
- Capable of performing physical exercises
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Diagnosed respiratory conditions other than smoking-related diseases (e.g., asthma)
- Cardiovascular diseases prohibiting physical exercise
- Recent surgeries or injuries affecting the trunk muscles
- Pregnant women
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric trunk exercisesisometric trunk exercises, such as planks and static bridges, three times a week. | Other | Isometric Trunk Muscle Strength |
| Isotonic trunk exercisesisotonic exercises, such as sit-ups and Russian twists, also three times a week. | Other | Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength |
Primary outcome
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) Moreover, smoking contributes to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can compromise muscle health. Chronic inflammation can lead to muscle wasting and weaken the structural integrity of
Time frame: at baseline after 8 weeks
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) is a crucial measure of lung function that quantifies the volume of air a person can forcefully exhale in one second after a deep breath. It is used to assess the presence and severity of respiratory conditions
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Time frame: at base line after 8 weeks
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is the maximum amount of air a person can forcibly exhale from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible.
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Time frame: at baseline and after 8 weeks
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) is the maximum speed at which a person can exhale, providing a measure of airway obstruction in conditions like asthma. It's assessed using a peak flow meter to monitor respiratory health and guide treatment decisions.
1 secondary outcome
Trunk muscle strength
Time frame: At baseline after 8 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Jan 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Isometric trunk exercises and Isotonic trunk exercises in people with Smokers, run by MTI University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) Moreover, smoking contributes to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can compromise muscle health. Chronic inflammation can lead to muscle wasting and weaken the structural integrity of (time frame: at baseline after 8 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jan 2026.