Peripheral Intravenous CatheterizationNCT07241988
Virtual Reality and White Noise During Peripheral IV Catheterization in Adults
A study testing Virtual Reality Glasses and White Noise (Rain Sound) in people with Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization and Pain, run by Gizem Göktuna at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled study aims to examine the effects of using virtual reality glasses and white noise during peripheral intravenous catheterization on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction in adult patients. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: virtual reality, white noise, or control. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization, Pain, Anxiety
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Glasses and White Noise (Rain Sound)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 76 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 11 Oct 2025to 30 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- No verbal, visual, auditory, or perceptual communication impairment
- Voluntary participation in the study
- Clinical requirement for peripheral intravenous catheterization
- No use of analgesic medication within the last 24 hours
- No diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder
- Ability to speak and understand Turkish
- Successful peripheral intravenous catheterization on the first attempt
Who cannot join
- Under 18 years of age
- Clinically unstable condition
- Individuals with psychiatric, mental, visual, or hearing impairments that prevent effective communication
- Individuals experiencing pain for any reason or using analgesic medication for pain management
- Individuals using anxiolytic or sedative medications
- Individuals who do not consent to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Dokuz Eylul University Hospital
İzmir, Balıkesir, 10715
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses and White Noise on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction During Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled study aims to examine the effects of using virtual reality glasses and white noise during peripheral intravenous catheterization on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction in adult patients. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: virtual reality, white noise, or control. Pain and anxiety levels will be assessed using standardized scales immediately after the procedure, and satisfaction will be evaluated following the intervention. The study aims to determine whether these non-pharmacological methods can reduce pain and anxiety and increase patient satisfaction during intravenous catheterization.
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Glasses, White Noise (Rain Sound)
- Keywords
- Virtual Reality, White Noise, Intravenous Catheterization, Pain, Anxiety
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Anxiety Disorders, Patient Satisfaction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality GlassesBehavioural
Also called VR Glasses
Participants in this group will wear virtual reality glasses displaying calming nature scenes accompanied by ambient sounds during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The intervention will begin three minutes before the procedure and continue until completion. This visual distraction technique is intended to reduce pain perception and anxiety levels and to increase patient satisfaction during the procedure.
White Noise (Rain Sound)Behavioural
Participants will listen to natural white noise, specifically the sound of rain, through headphones during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The sound will begin three minutes before the procedure and continue until completion. This auditory distraction technique is intended to reduce pain perception and anxiety levels and to increase patient satisfaction during the procedure.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will wear virtual reality glasses displaying relaxing nature scenes during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The intervention will begin three minute before the procedure and continue until catheter insertion is completed. Receives: Behavioral: Virtual Reality Glasses |
| White Noise Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will listen to natural white noise (the sound of rain) through headphones during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The sound will begin three minutes before the procedure and continue until the catheterization is completed. Receives: Behavioral: White Noise (Rain Sound) |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants in this group will receive routine peripheral intravenous catheterization without any additional intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
ain intensity during peripheral intravenous catheterization
Pain intensity will be measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain) immediately after the procedure.
Measured: Immediately after peripheral intravenous catheterization
Secondary outcomes (2)
Anxiety level during peripheral intravenous catheterization
Anxiety will be assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory-Short Form (STAIS-S). The scale measures temporary anxiety levels. Scores range from 5 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher (worse) anxiety. Measurements will be performed twice: three minutes before the intervention and immediately after the procedure is completed.
Measured: Three minutes before and immediately after the peripheral intravenous catheterization
Patient satisfaction related to peripheral intravenous catheterization
Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (not satisfied at all) to 10 (extremely satisfied). Measurements will be performed twice: three minutes before the procedure and immediately after the catheterization is completed. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.
Measured: Three minutes before and immediately after the peripheral intravenous catheterization
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2025
- Study start11 Oct 2025
- Primary completion30 Jan 2026
- Study completion30 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Peripheral Intravenous CatheterizationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 76 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Gizem Göktuna
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Gizem Göktuna, Dokuz Eylul University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07241988
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/31-10
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) may be available from the principal investigator upon reasonable request.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses and White Noise on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction During Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07241988
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025/31-10
- Keywords
- Virtual Reality, White Noise, Intravenous Catheterization, Pain, Anxiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 76 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Gizem GöktunaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled study aims to examine the effects of using virtual reality glasses and white noise during peripheral intravenous catheterization on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction in adult patients. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: virtual reality, white noise, or control. Pain and anxiety levels will be assessed using standardized scales immediately after the procedure, and satisfaction will be evaluated following the intervention. The study aims to determine whether these non-pharmacological methods can reduce pain and anxiety and increase patient satisfaction during intravenous catheterization.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Virtual Reality GlassesParticipants in this group will wear virtual reality glasses displaying relaxing nature scenes during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The intervention will begin three minute before the procedure and continue until catheter insertion is completed. |
| White Noise Group | Experimental | Behavioral: White Noise (Rain Sound)Participants in this group will listen to natural white noise (the sound of rain) through headphones during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The sound will begin three minutes before the procedure and continue until the catheterization is completed. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants in this group will receive routine peripheral intravenous catheterization without any additional intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- No verbal, visual, auditory, or perceptual communication impairment
- Voluntary participation in the study
- Clinical requirement for peripheral intravenous catheterization
- No use of analgesic medication within the last 24 hours
- No diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Under 18 years of age
- Clinically unstable condition
- Individuals with psychiatric, mental, visual, or hearing impairments that prevent effective communication
- Individuals experiencing pain for any reason or using analgesic medication for pain management
- Individuals using anxiolytic or sedative medications
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality GlassesAlso: VR GlassesParticipants in this group will wear virtual reality glasses displaying calming nature scenes accompanied by ambient sounds during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The intervention will begin three minutes before the procedure and continue until completion. This visual distraction technique is intended to reduce pain perception and anxiety levels and to increase patient satisfaction during the procedure. | Behavioural | Virtual Reality Group |
| White Noise (Rain Sound)Participants will listen to natural white noise, specifically the sound of rain, through headphones during peripheral intravenous catheterization. The sound will begin three minutes before the procedure and continue until completion. This auditory distraction technique is intended to reduce pain perception and anxiety levels and to increase patient satisfaction during the procedure. | Behavioural | White Noise Group |
Primary outcome
ain intensity during peripheral intravenous catheterization
Time frame: Immediately after peripheral intravenous catheterization
Pain intensity will be measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain) immediately after the procedure.
2 secondary outcomes
Anxiety level during peripheral intravenous catheterization
Time frame: Three minutes before and immediately after the peripheral intravenous catheterization
Patient satisfaction related to peripheral intravenous catheterization
Time frame: Three minutes before and immediately after the peripheral intravenous catheterization
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Mar 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) may be available from the principal investigator upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Glasses and White Noise (Rain Sound) in people with Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization and Pain, run by Gizem Göktuna at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
ain intensity during peripheral intravenous catheterization (time frame: Immediately after peripheral intravenous catheterization). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Mar 2026.