End of Life CareFAITH-ICUNCT07243041
Code Status Discussions in Muslim ICU Patients: Insights Into Physician-Family Communication
An observational study of End of Life Care and Muslim, run by King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
Trial summary
This observational study aims to explore the real-time experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians during goals-of-care discussions-specifically Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) and end-of-life decision-making conversations-with families of critically ill patients in a… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- End of Life Care, Muslim, Decision Making ,Shared
- How many people
- 320 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSaudi Arabia
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2025to 31 Oct 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Adult ICU patients (≥18 years) for whom a code status discussion regarding Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) occurs during the study period (November 2025 to October 2027). Participating ICU physicians will complete a structured post-discussion questionnaire. Limited retrospective patient data will be extracted from the electronic medical record to characterize clinical context, ICU course, and outcomes. The study includes all eligible ICU physicians involved in these discussions who consent to participate.
Who may be able to join
- ICU physicians (residents, fellows, assistant consultants, or consultants) involved in direct patient care
- ICU physicians who conduct code status or Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) discussions with patients' families during ICU admission
- Willingness of ICU physicians to participate voluntarily by completing a post-goals-of-care discussion questionnaire
- Adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ICU during the study period for whom a code status discussion occurred
Who cannot join
- ICU physicians who decline participation
- Code status discussions involving patients younger than 18 years of age
- Discussions in which the physician was not directly involved
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Saudi Arabia1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
Jeddah, Mecca Region, 21499
Imran Khalid, MD, +966126677777 ext. 42539, doc_ik@yahoo.com
Imran Khalid, MD
About this study
Official title: A Prospective Study Exploring Factors Affecting ICU Transitions and Handling of Code Status - Insights Into Physician and Family Communication in a Muslim Patient Population
This observational study aims to explore the real-time experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians during goals-of-care discussions-specifically Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) and end-of-life decision-making conversations-with families of critically ill patients in a Muslim-majority healthcare setting.
The study seeks to identify factors that influence whether a DNAR decision is reached after physician-family discussions, and how physician experience, family dynamics, religious perspectives, and institutional support affect communication outcomes and care transitions.
Read more
Participants will include ICU physicians (residents, fellows, and consultants) who routinely conduct DNAR discussions as part of clinical care. After each discussion, physicians will complete a brief structured questionnaire about their perceptions of the interaction, family emotions, and decision outcomes. These responses will be anonymously linked to limited, de-identified patient-level data (e.g., diagnosis, ICU course, and outcome) extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record.
No patients or family members will be contacted directly. Data collection will occur prospectively over two years at King Faisal Specialist Hospital \& Research Centre-Jeddah.
Findings from this study are expected to provide culturally grounded insights that inform physician training, enhance family-centered communication, and guide policy development for DNAR and end-of-life discussions in Muslim-majority intensive care units.
Read the detailed description
Background:
This prospective observational study investigates the real-time experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by ICU physicians when discussing code status decisions, specifically Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR), with families of critically ill adult patients in a Muslim-majority healthcare context. It aims to identify clinical, cultural, religious, and institutional factors influencing DNAR discussions, addressing a gap in understanding the interpersonal and theological dynamics that shape decision-making in end-of-life care. Findings will inform culturally sensitive communication practices, policy development, and physician training.
Study Design and Setting:
Prospective, mixed-methods observational study over 24 months (November 2025 - October 2027). Conducted in adult ICUs at King Faisal Specialist Hospital \& Research Centre (KFSH\&RC), Jeddah. Integrates real-time physician survey data immediately after DNAR discussions with retrospective EMR extraction of patient-level variables. A subsequent qualitative phase with physician interviews will contextualize quantitative findings. No patients or families are directly contacted.
Definitions of DNAR:
Full Resuscitation: Eligible for all life-sustaining interventions (CPR, intubation, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors).
Ward-Level DNAR: Primarily comfort-focused; prohibits CPR/intubation but allows non-invasive supportive care; home ventilator patients may continue care; ICU transfer allowed per order.
ICU-Level DNAR: Allows withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions within predefined ceilings:
- Without interventions: Comfort measures only, no invasive procedures.
- With interventions: Selected invasive therapies (vasopressors, RRT, non-invasive ventilation, cardioversion) allowed, but no ACLS/chest compressions/intubation if not already intubated.
Therapy may be capped at a defined level; full-code patients may convert to ICU-level DNAR during ICU stay.
Study Population:
ICU physicians (residents, fellows, assistant consultants, consultants) conducting DNAR discussions with adult patients' families. Participation is voluntary; physicians who decline or discuss patients <18 years old are excluded.
Outcomes:
Primary: Final code status immediately post-discussion (DNAR [with/without limited interventions] vs. Full Code).
Secondary: Timing and emotional tone of discussions, family conflict/resolution, institutional support, physician experience/confidence, and quality of end-of-life care using ICU-adapted Aggressive Care and Comfort-Oriented (Palliation) Composites in the final 24 hours of life.
Analysis:
Target 320-500 completed DNAR discussion episodes, accounting for clustering by physician.
Primary analysis via mixed-effects logistic regression with up to 11 pre-specified predictors (physician, family, and clinical/timing factors).
Secondary analyses explore associations with ICU course, timing, composite indices, and comparisons with patients without DNAR discussions.
Sensitivity and subgroup analyses include early vs late discussions (≤72h vs >72h) and cancer vs non-cancer diagnoses.
If fewer than 320 completed DNAR discussions are collected within the planned study period, the study duration may be extended to achieve the minimum sample size required for reliable multivariable analysis.
Data Protection and Ethics:
Each questionnaire linked to de-identified EMR data via unique study ID; master linkage file securely stored and encrypted. Physician participation implies consent; retrospective EMR review conducted under a waiver of consent per institutional and international guidelines.
Expected Outcomes:
The study will generate empirical, culturally grounded insights into DNAR discussions in Muslim-majority ICUs, clarifying how physician experience, family dynamics, and religious or institutional context shape communication. Results will guide physician training, policy frameworks, and family-centered, ethically sound end-of-life care practices.
- Conditions
- End of Life Care, Muslim, Decision Making ,Shared
- Keywords
- goals of care, do not attempt resuscitation, ICU, Shared Decision-Making, Family Communication, Muslim Healthcare Context, Cultural Factors, palliative care
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ICU DNAR Discussion Episodes | Adult ICU patients with DNAR discussions during the study period. Observational study; no interventions. Physicians complete post-discussion questionnaires, and limited retrospective EMR data are collected to examine factors influencing DNAR decision outcomes, including final code status |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of Participants with Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) Status After Goals-of-Care Discussion
Final resuscitation status immediately following each goals-of-care discussion, categorized as Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR, including DNAR with or without limited interventions) versus Full Code.
The outcome will be analyzed as a binary variable representing whether DNAR status was established following the discussion.
Measured: After each DNAR discussion
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2025
- Study start1 Nov 2025
- Primary completion31 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Oct 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for End of Life CareStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 320 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Imran Khalid, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
- Investigators
- Imran Khalid, Principal investigator, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07243041
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2251305
- Acronym
- FAITH-ICU
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared outside the study team. All data will remain confidential and stored securely according to institutional policies
Publications
Wachterman MW, Pilver C, Smith D, Ersek M, Lipsitz SR, Keating NL. Quality of End-of-Life Care Provided to Patients With Different Serious Illnesses. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Aug 1;176(8):1095-102. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1200.
PubMed 27367547Teno JM, Gozalo PL, Bynum JP, Leland NE, Miller SC, Morden NE, Scupp T, Goodman DC, Mor V. Change in end-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries: site of death, place of care, and health care transitions in 2000, 2005, and 2009. JAMA. 2013 Feb 6;309(5):470-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.207624.
PubMed 23385273Hui D, Kim SH, Roquemore J, Dev R, Chisholm G, Bruera E. Impact of timing and setting of palliative care referral on quality of end-of-life care in cancer patients. Cancer. 2014 Jun 1;120(11):1743-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28628.
PubMed 24967463Clarke EB, Curtis JR, Luce JM, Levy M, Danis M, Nelson J, Solomon MZ; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Critical Care End-Of-Life Peer Workgroup Members. Quality indicators for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2003 Sep;31(9):2255-62. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000084849.96385.85.
PubMed 14501954Alao DO, Abraham S, Dababneh E, Roby R, Farid M, Mohammed N, Rojas-Perilla N, Cevik AA. Do-not-attempt-resuscitation decision making: physicians' recommendations differ from the GO-FAR score predictions. Int J Emerg Med. 2024 Jul 11;17(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12245-024-00669-3.
PubMed 38992598Padela AI, Zaganjor H. Relationships between Islamic religiosity and attitude toward deceased organ donation among American Muslims: a pilot study. Transplantation. 2014 Jun 27;97(12):1292-9. doi: 10.1097/01.TP.0000441874.43007.81.
PubMed 24646775Padela AI, Zaidi D. The Islamic tradition and health inequities: A preliminary conceptual model based on a systematic literature review of Muslim health-care disparities. Avicenna J Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):1-13. doi: 10.4103/ajm.AJM_134_17.
PubMed 29404267Baykara N, Utku T, Alparslan V, Arslantas MK, Ersoy N. Factors affecting the attitudes and opinions of ICU physicians regarding end-of-life decisions for their patients and themselves: A survey study from Turkey. PLoS One. 2020 May 20;15(5):e0232743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232743. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32433670ur Rahman M, Abuhasna S, Abu-Zidan FM. Care of terminally-ill patients: an opinion survey among critical care healthcare providers in the Middle East. Afr Health Sci. 2013 Dec;13(4):893-8. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.5.
PubMed 24940309Saeed F, Kousar N, Aleem S, Khawaja O, Javaid A, Siddiqui MF, Holley JL. End-of-life care beliefs among Muslim physicians. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2015 Jun;32(4):388-92. doi: 10.1177/1049909114522687. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
PubMed 24526765Khalid I, Imran M, Yamani RM, Imran M, Akhtar MA, Khalid TJ. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and End-of-Life Care Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Muslim Patients During the 2020 Pandemic. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2021 Sep;38(9):1159-1164. doi: 10.1177/10499091211018657. Epub 2021 May 27.
PubMed 34039050Gouda A, Al-Jabbary A, Fong L. Compliance with DNR policy in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Dec;36(12):2149-53. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1985-3. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
PubMed 20838763Rahman MU, Arabi Y, Adhami NA, Parker B, Al-Shimemeri A. The practice of do-not-resuscitate orders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experience of a tertiary care center. Saudi Med J. 2004 Sep;25(9):1278-9. No abstract available.
PubMed 15448786AbuYahya O, Abuhammad S, Hamoudi B, Reuben R, Yaqub M. The do not resuscitate order (DNR) from the perspective of oncology nurses: A study in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Aug;75(8):e14331. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14331. Epub 2021 May 17.
PubMed 33960067Sarhill N, LeGrand S, Islambouli R, Davis MP, Walsh D. The terminally ill Muslim: death and dying from the Muslim perspective. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):251-5. doi: 10.1177/104990910101800409.
PubMed 11467099
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Prospective Study Exploring Factors Affecting ICU Transitions and Handling of Code Status - Insights Into Physician and Family Communication in a Muslim Patient Population
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07243041
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FAITH-ICU / 2251305
- Conditions
- End of Life Care, Muslim, Decision Making ,Shared
- Keywords
- goals of care, do not attempt resuscitation, ICU, Shared Decision-Making, Family Communication, Muslim Healthcare Context, Cultural Factors, palliative care
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 320 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This observational study aims to explore the real-time experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians during goals-of-care discussions-specifically Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) and end-of-life decision-making conversations-with families of critically ill patients in a Muslim-majority healthcare setting.
The study seeks to identify factors that influence whether a DNAR decision is reached after physician-family discussions, and how physician experience, family dynamics, religious perspectives, and institutional support affect communication outcomes and care transitions.
Participants will include ICU physicians (residents, fellows, and consultants) who routinely conduct DNAR discussions as part of clinical care. After each discussion, physicians will complete a brief structured questionnaire about their perceptions of the interaction, family emotions, and decision outcomes. These responses will be anonymously linked to limited, de-identified patient-level data (e.g., diagnosis, ICU course, and outcome) extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record.
No patients or family members will be contacted directly. Data collection will occur prospectively over two years at King Faisal Specialist Hospital \& Research Centre-Jeddah.
Findings from this study are expected to provide culturally grounded insights that inform physician training, enhance family-centered communication, and guide policy development for DNAR and end-of-life discussions in Muslim-majority intensive care units.
Detailed description
Background:
This prospective observational study investigates the real-time experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by ICU physicians when discussing code status decisions, specifically Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR), with families of critically ill adult patients in a Muslim-majority healthcare context. It aims to identify clinical, cultural, religious, and institutional factors influencing DNAR discussions, addressing a gap in understanding the interpersonal and theological dynamics that shape decision-making in end-of-life care. Findings will inform culturally sensitive communication practices, policy development, and physician training.
Study Design and Setting:
Prospective, mixed-methods observational study over 24 months (November 2025 - October 2027). Conducted in adult ICUs at King Faisal Specialist Hospital \& Research Centre (KFSH\&RC), Jeddah. Integrates real-time physician survey data immediately after DNAR discussions with retrospective EMR extraction of patient-level variables. A subsequent qualitative phase with physician interviews will contextualize quantitative findings. No patients or families are directly contacted.
Definitions of DNAR:
Full Resuscitation: Eligible for all life-sustaining interventions (CPR, intubation, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors).
Ward-Level DNAR: Primarily comfort-focused; prohibits CPR/intubation but allows non-invasive supportive care; home ventilator patients may continue care; ICU transfer allowed per order.
ICU-Level DNAR: Allows withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions within predefined ceilings:
- Without interventions: Comfort measures only, no invasive procedures.
- With interventions: Selected invasive therapies (vasopressors, RRT, non-invasive ventilation, cardioversion) allowed, but no ACLS/chest compressions/intubation if not already intubated.
Therapy may be capped at a defined level; full-code patients may convert to ICU-level DNAR during ICU stay.
Study Population:
ICU physicians (residents, fellows, assistant consultants, consultants) conducting DNAR discussions with adult patients' families. Participation is voluntary; physicians who decline or discuss patients <18 years old are excluded.
Outcomes:
Primary: Final code status immediately post-discussion (DNAR [with/without limited interventions] vs. Full Code).
Secondary: Timing and emotional tone of discussions, family conflict/resolution, institutional support, physician experience/confidence, and quality of end-of-life care using ICU-adapted Aggressive Care and Comfort-Oriented (Palliation) Composites in the final 24 hours of life.
Analysis:
Target 320-500 completed DNAR discussion episodes, accounting for clustering by physician.
Primary analysis via mixed-effects logistic regression with up to 11 pre-specified predictors (physician, family, and clinical/timing factors).
Secondary analyses explore associations with ICU course, timing, composite indices, and comparisons with patients without DNAR discussions.
Sensitivity and subgroup analyses include early vs late discussions (≤72h vs >72h) and cancer vs non-cancer diagnoses.
If fewer than 320 completed DNAR discussions are collected within the planned study period, the study duration may be extended to achieve the minimum sample size required for reliable multivariable analysis.
Data Protection and Ethics:
Each questionnaire linked to de-identified EMR data via unique study ID; master linkage file securely stored and encrypted. Physician participation implies consent; retrospective EMR review conducted under a waiver of consent per institutional and international guidelines.
Expected Outcomes:
The study will generate empirical, culturally grounded insights into DNAR discussions in Muslim-majority ICUs, clarifying how physician experience, family dynamics, and religious or institutional context shape communication. Results will guide physician training, policy frameworks, and family-centered, ethically sound end-of-life care practices.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ICU DNAR Discussion Episodes | – | –Adult ICU patients with DNAR discussions during the study period. Observational study; no interventions. Physicians complete post-discussion questionnaires, and limited retrospective EMR data are collected to examine factors influencing DNAR decision outcomes, including final code status |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Adult ICU patients (≥18 years) for whom a code status discussion regarding Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) occurs during the study period (November 2025 to October 2027). Participating ICU physicians will complete a structured post-discussion questionnaire. Limited retrospective patient data will be extracted from the electronic medical record to characterize clinical context, ICU course, and outcomes. The study includes all eligible ICU physicians involved in these discussions who consent to participate.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- ICU physicians (residents, fellows, assistant consultants, or consultants) involved in direct patient care
- ICU physicians who conduct code status or Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) discussions with patients' families during ICU admission
- Willingness of ICU physicians to participate voluntarily by completing a post-goals-of-care discussion questionnaire
- Adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ICU during the study period for whom a code status discussion occurred
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- ICU physicians who decline participation
- Code status discussions involving patients younger than 18 years of age
- Discussions in which the physician was not directly involved
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Number of Participants with Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) Status After Goals-of-Care Discussion
Time frame: After each DNAR discussion
Final resuscitation status immediately following each goals-of-care discussion, categorized as Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR, including DNAR with or without limited interventions) versus Full Code. The outcome will be analyzed as a binary variable representing whether DNAR status was established following the discussion.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Dec 2025.
- Background: PubMed 27367547Wachterman MW, Pilver C, Smith D, Ersek M, Lipsitz SR, Keating NL. Quality of End-of-Life Care Provided to Patients With Different Serious Illnesses. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Aug 1;176(8):1095-102. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1200.
- Background: PubMed 23385273Teno JM, Gozalo PL, Bynum JP, Leland NE, Miller SC, Morden NE, Scupp T, Goodman DC, Mor V. Change in end-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries: site of death, place of care, and health care transitions in 2000, 2005, and 2009. JAMA. 2013 Feb 6;309(5):470-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.207624.
- Background: PubMed 24967463Hui D, Kim SH, Roquemore J, Dev R, Chisholm G, Bruera E. Impact of timing and setting of palliative care referral on quality of end-of-life care in cancer patients. Cancer. 2014 Jun 1;120(11):1743-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28628.
- Background: PubMed 14501954Clarke EB, Curtis JR, Luce JM, Levy M, Danis M, Nelson J, Solomon MZ; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Critical Care End-Of-Life Peer Workgroup Members. Quality indicators for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2003 Sep;31(9):2255-62. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000084849.96385.85.
- Background: PubMed 38992598Alao DO, Abraham S, Dababneh E, Roby R, Farid M, Mohammed N, Rojas-Perilla N, Cevik AA. Do-not-attempt-resuscitation decision making: physicians' recommendations differ from the GO-FAR score predictions. Int J Emerg Med. 2024 Jul 11;17(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12245-024-00669-3.
- Background: PubMed 24646775Padela AI, Zaganjor H. Relationships between Islamic religiosity and attitude toward deceased organ donation among American Muslims: a pilot study. Transplantation. 2014 Jun 27;97(12):1292-9. doi: 10.1097/01.TP.0000441874.43007.81.
- Background: PubMed 29404267Padela AI, Zaidi D. The Islamic tradition and health inequities: A preliminary conceptual model based on a systematic literature review of Muslim health-care disparities. Avicenna J Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):1-13. doi: 10.4103/ajm.AJM_134_17.
- Background: PubMed 32433670Baykara N, Utku T, Alparslan V, Arslantas MK, Ersoy N. Factors affecting the attitudes and opinions of ICU physicians regarding end-of-life decisions for their patients and themselves: A survey study from Turkey. PLoS One. 2020 May 20;15(5):e0232743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232743. eCollection 2020.
- Background: PubMed 24940309ur Rahman M, Abuhasna S, Abu-Zidan FM. Care of terminally-ill patients: an opinion survey among critical care healthcare providers in the Middle East. Afr Health Sci. 2013 Dec;13(4):893-8. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.5.
- Background: PubMed 24526765Saeed F, Kousar N, Aleem S, Khawaja O, Javaid A, Siddiqui MF, Holley JL. End-of-life care beliefs among Muslim physicians. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2015 Jun;32(4):388-92. doi: 10.1177/1049909114522687. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
- Background: PubMed 34039050Khalid I, Imran M, Yamani RM, Imran M, Akhtar MA, Khalid TJ. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and End-of-Life Care Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Muslim Patients During the 2020 Pandemic. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2021 Sep;38(9):1159-1164. doi: 10.1177/10499091211018657. Epub 2021 May 27.
- Background: PubMed 20838763Gouda A, Al-Jabbary A, Fong L. Compliance with DNR policy in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Dec;36(12):2149-53. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1985-3. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared outside the study team. All data will remain confidential and stored securely according to institutional policies
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Imran Khalid principal investigator
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of End of Life Care and Muslim, run by King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Saudi Arabia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Khalid, MD (+966126677777 ext. 65851, ikhalid97@kfshrc.edu.sa), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of Participants with Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) Status After Goals-of-Care Discussion (time frame: After each DNAR discussion). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07243041, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Dec 2025.