Child, OnlyNCT07248501
Effects of Bulgarian Exercises on Lower Limb Function in Children
A study testing Bulgarian Bag Exercises in people with Child, Only, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Child, Only
- What is being tested?
- Bulgarian Bag Exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 345 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 30 Oct 2025to 30 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 18 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Ability to perform physical activities
- Participants must be between 8 to 18 years
Who cannot join
- Children with severe physical disabilities or medical conditions that limit participation in physical activities (e.g., cardiovascular or respiratory conditions).
- Children unable to comply with study requirements or follow instructions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Imran Amjad
Lahore, Punjab Province, 5400
Muhmmad Asif Javed, MS, 033224209422, a.javed@ripah.edu.pk
Fareeha Saleem, MS-PT, 03214730517, fareehasaleem421@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Effects of Bulgarian Bag Exercise on Lower Limb Function, Posture and Balance Among School Going Children
The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. In this investigation, will collect data from Lahore primary school going girls and boys. The sample that will be included in our study will be 8 to 16 years of age, with both genders, Informed consent, Healthy children without any diagnosed physical or neurological impairments that could affect motor skills or agility. This study use following tools in our study Postural awareness scale PAS-E, Berg balance scale, The lower extremity functional scale.
Read the detailed description
Bulgarian Training Bag is a training equipment used in strength training, Plyometrics, Weight training, aerobic exercise, and fitness in general. Bags are made of leather or synthetic leather and filled with sand; Weigh between 3 to 38 kg and have flexible handles to allow training of the upper and lower body, and to improve the prehensile strength. Instead, Leisure Physical Activity should be thought of as all physical activity behavior that emanates from an unconscious drive for movement. Regular participation in physical activity is important for overall health. It provides children with immediate social, mental and physical health benefits, such as reducing symptoms of depression, improving academic and cognitive performance, promoting healthy bone structure, skeletal health supporting muscle growth and the development of the body's vital organs, particularly the heart and lungs, improving health related fitness, muscular strength and, preventing children from becoming overweight.
The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. In this investigation, will collect data from Lahore primary school going girls and boys. The sample that will be included in our study will be 8 to 16 years of age, with both genders, Informed consent, Healthy children without any diagnosed physical or neurological impairments that could affect motor skills or agility. This study use following tools in our study Postural awareness scale PAS-E, Berg balance scale, The lower extremity functional scale.
- Conditions
- Child, Only
- Being tested
- Bulgarian Bag Exercises
- Keywords
- Bulgarian exercise, Postural awareness scale PAS-E
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bulgarian Bag ExercisesOther
The Bulgarian Bag exercises will be performed under the guidance of a trained physical therapist or instructor. Key exercises will include squats, lunges, deadlifts, and shoulder presses, all performed with the Bulgarian Bag to target lower body strength, balance, and coordination.
Progressions (e.g., increasing repetitions or load) will be made gradually as participants adapt to the exercises.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Interventional Group(Bulgarian Bag Exercise Program) | Experimental | The Bulgarian Bag exercises will be performed under the guidance of a trained physical therapist or instructor. Key exercises will include squats, lunges, deadlifts, and shoulder presses, all performed with the Bulgarian Bag to target lower body strength, balance, and coordination. Progressions (e.g., increasing repetitions or load) will be made gradually as participants adapt to the exercises. Receives: Other: Bulgarian Bag Exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Postural Awareness Scale PAS-E
Body posture refers to the position of a person's body in space and the alignment of body parts in relationship to one another and to the environment at one point in time. Postural awareness is informed via receptors in joints, muscles, ligaments, and connective tissue, which is then integrated in the central nervous system. Importantly, postural awareness is influenced by mental processes, including attention, interpretation, and appraisal of bodily sensation, as well as by affect, emotions, and attitudes.
Measured: 11 weeks
Pediatrics Berg Balance Scale
The Berg Balance Scale has proven to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing balance and predicting fall risk across various populations, including older adults, individuals with neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease), and those recovering from orthopedic surgery. Its high test-retest and inter-rater reliability, as well as its strong construct, criterion, and concurrent validity, support its widespread use in clinical practice and research. However, like any assessment tool, it should be used as part of a comprehensive evaluation that includes other clinical assessments and considerations
Measured: 11 weeks
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)
The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is a self-reported questionnaire used by physical therapists and other healthcare providers to assess a person's functional ability related to lower extremity (leg) tasks. It is widely used to evaluate the degree of difficulty experienced by individuals with lower extremity injuries or conditions in performing various daily activities.
Measured: 11 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Nov 2025
- Study start30 Oct 2025
- Primary completion25 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Child, OnlyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. In this investigation, will collect data from Lahore primary school going girls and boys. The sample that will be included in our study will be 8 to 16 years of age, with both genders, Informed consent, Healthy children without any diagnosed physical or neurological impairments that could affect motor skills or agility. This study use following tools in our study Postural awareness scale PAS-E, Berg balance scale, The lower extremity functional scale.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 345 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Fareeha Saleem, MS-PT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07248501
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/FAREEHASALEEM
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 18 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 25 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ahmed IA. The effect of sakiyo training on interactive agility, offensive and defensive foot movements, and their relationship to the level of kata performance. journal of Theories and Applications of physical education sport sciences.2022; 6(1): 2636-3925.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Bulgarian Bag Exercise on Lower Limb Function, Posture and Balance Among School Going Children
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07248501
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/FAREEHASALEEM
- Conditions
- Child, Only
- Keywords
- Bulgarian exercise, Postural awareness scale PAS-E
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 345 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. In this investigation, will collect data from Lahore primary school going girls and boys. The sample that will be included in our study will be 8 to 16 years of age, with both genders, Informed consent, Healthy children without any diagnosed physical or neurological impairments that could affect motor skills or agility. This study use following tools in our study Postural awareness scale PAS-E, Berg balance scale, The lower extremity functional scale.
Detailed description
Bulgarian Training Bag is a training equipment used in strength training, Plyometrics, Weight training, aerobic exercise, and fitness in general. Bags are made of leather or synthetic leather and filled with sand; Weigh between 3 to 38 kg and have flexible handles to allow training of the upper and lower body, and to improve the prehensile strength. Instead, Leisure Physical Activity should be thought of as all physical activity behavior that emanates from an unconscious drive for movement. Regular participation in physical activity is important for overall health. It provides children with immediate social, mental and physical health benefits, such as reducing symptoms of depression, improving academic and cognitive performance, promoting healthy bone structure, skeletal health supporting muscle growth and the development of the body's vital organs, particularly the heart and lungs, improving health related fitness, muscular strength and, preventing children from becoming overweight.
The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. In this investigation, will collect data from Lahore primary school going girls and boys. The sample that will be included in our study will be 8 to 16 years of age, with both genders, Informed consent, Healthy children without any diagnosed physical or neurological impairments that could affect motor skills or agility. This study use following tools in our study Postural awareness scale PAS-E, Berg balance scale, The lower extremity functional scale.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- The objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Bulgarian bag exercises on lower limb function, posture and balance among school going students. In this investigation, our study will include 379 participants girls and boys in our study. Non-Probability Convenient sampling will be used in this research. In this investigation, will collect data from Lahore primary school going girls and boys. The sample that will be included in our study will be 8 to 16 years of age, with both genders, Informed consent, Healthy children without any diagnosed physical or neurological impairments that could affect motor skills or agility. This study use following tools in our study Postural awareness scale PAS-E, Berg balance scale, The lower extremity functional scale.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Interventional Group(Bulgarian Bag Exercise Program) | Experimental | Other: Bulgarian Bag ExercisesThe Bulgarian Bag exercises will be performed under the guidance of a trained physical therapist or instructor. Key exercises will include squats, lunges, deadlifts, and shoulder presses, all performed with the Bulgarian Bag to target lower body strength, balance, and coordination. Progressions (e.g., increasing repetitions or load) will be made gradually as participants adapt to the exercises. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Ability to perform physical activities
- Participants must be between 8 to 18 years
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Children with severe physical disabilities or medical conditions that limit participation in physical activities (e.g., cardiovascular or respiratory conditions).
- Children unable to comply with study requirements or follow instructions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bulgarian Bag ExercisesThe Bulgarian Bag exercises will be performed under the guidance of a trained physical therapist or instructor. Key exercises will include squats, lunges, deadlifts, and shoulder presses, all performed with the Bulgarian Bag to target lower body strength, balance, and coordination. Progressions (e.g., increasing repetitions or load) will be made gradually as participants adapt to the exercises. | Other | Interventional Group(Bulgarian Bag Exercise Program) |
Primary outcome
Postural Awareness Scale PAS-E
Time frame: 11 weeks
Body posture refers to the position of a person's body in space and the alignment of body parts in relationship to one another and to the environment at one point in time. Postural awareness is informed via receptors in joints, muscles, ligaments, and connective tissue, which is then integrated in the central nervous system. Importantly, postural awareness is influenced by mental processes, including attention, interpretation, and appraisal of bodily sensation, as well as by affect, emotions, and attitudes.
Pediatrics Berg Balance Scale
Time frame: 11 weeks
The Berg Balance Scale has proven to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing balance and predicting fall risk across various populations, including older adults, individuals with neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease), and those recovering from orthopedic surgery. Its high test-retest and inter-rater reliability, as well as its strong construct, criterion, and concurrent validity, support its widespread use in clinical practice and research. However, like any assessment tool, it should be used as part of a comprehensive evaluation that includes other clinical assessments and considerations
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)
Time frame: 11 weeks
The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is a self-reported questionnaire used by physical therapists and other healthcare providers to assess a person's functional ability related to lower extremity (leg) tasks. It is widely used to evaluate the degree of difficulty experienced by individuals with lower extremity injuries or conditions in performing various daily activities.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Nov 2025.
- BackgroundAhmed IA. The effect of sakiyo training on interactive agility, offensive and defensive foot movements, and their relationship to the level of kata performance. journal of Theories and Applications of physical education sport sciences.2022; 6(1): 2636-3925.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Fareeha Saleem, MS-PT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bulgarian Bag Exercises in people with Child, Only, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Imran Amjad, PhD (9233224390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Postural Awareness Scale PAS-E (time frame: 11 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07248501, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Nov 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.