Smoking ( Cigarette)BBE PSE VO2maxNCT07257783
Effect of Buteyko Breathing Exercise Combined With Postural Stability Exercises on Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Young Adult Smokers
A study testing Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises in people with Smoking ( Cigarette), run by Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied Ahmeed at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for respiratory diseases, affecting both lung function and overall respiratory health. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, contribute to airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural lung damage. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Smoking ( Cigarette)
- What is being tested?
- Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 46 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 20 Jul 2024to 10 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Cigarette Smokers.
- Smoking period from 3 to 7 years
- They were medically stable.
- Age between 18 to 30 years.
- Male gender only was allowed to participate.
- They had the ability to perform exercises.
- Body mass index ranges from 21 to 25.
Who cannot join
- Smokers diagnosed with any chronic disease or orthopedic problems.
- Mental disorders.
- Current intervention for cancer or active infection
- Obese their BMI above 26 and athlete people
- People who participated in any activity such as walking for long periods and swimming
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for respiratory diseases, affecting both lung function and overall respiratory health. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, contribute to airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural lung damage.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises on maximal oxygen consumption, pulmonary functions, oxygen saturation, functional capacity, and perceived exertion in young adult smokers. Subjects and procedures: Forty male smokers were recruit-ed from Nahda university. Their age ranged between 18-30 years. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups equal in number. Study Group: They participated in 6 weeks training with Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises (3 sessions per week) Control group: They weren't exposed to any intervention. Both groups were assessed by using pulse oximeter to measure oxy-gen saturation, Spirostilk to measure pulmonary functions, Borg scale to measure perceived exertion and six-minute walk test to measure functional capacity and maximal oxygen consumption.
- Conditions
- Smoking ( Cigarette)
- Being tested
- Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises
- Keywords
- Buteyko breathing exercise, Postural stability exercises, maximal oxygen consumption, young adult smokers
- Medical subject headings
- Cigarette Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercisesOther
BBE: The therapist instructs the patient to sit comfortably, breathing naturally through the nose. They should hold their breath until the need to inhale arises, then exhale through the nasal passage. The patient maintains a straight back with feet shoulder-width apart, eyes closed, breathing calmly. After 20-30 seconds, they repeat the exercises for 3 minutes, followed by another pause and repetition. This is done for another 3 minutes, ending with a 2-minute rest before the next session. Duration: 15 minutes. PSE :Warming up phase: shoulder circles and twist torso during walking for 5 minutes. Training phase include 10-15 reps per set, 2-4 sets per exercise,30-60 seconds rest period between sets. Cooling down phase includes hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds, 2-4 reps per per side and rest for 15-30 seconds between reps. Bridging Side-lying leg raise Wall push-ups Lateral trunk flexion Chin tuck Stretch pectoralis major muscle,upper trapezius \& SCM All these for 3/week for 6 weeks
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| control group | No intervention | smokers didn't receive any intervention just measurement at the start of the study and at the end of the study |
| study group | Experimental | Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises Receives: Other: Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
maximal oxygen consumption
it is the highest rate at which the body can take in, transport, and utilize oxygen during intense exercise. It is considered a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness and endurance performance.
Measured in: Milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min).
it was calculated by estimated method from six minute walk test by this equation 12.701 + (0.06 × 6-minute walk distance m) - (0.732 × body mass indexkg/m2)
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (7)
oxygen saturation
it refers to the percentage of hemoglobin molecules saturated with oxygen.Pulse oximetry is a simple, non-invasive, widely available medical tool that measures SpO2 through a device attached to a finger, a toe or an ear lobe.
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
forced viral capacity
Spirometry was used to forced vital capacity (FVC)
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
perceived rate of exertion
Measurement of PRE by Modified Borg scale It was used to rate how hard a person feels they are working from 0 to10 0 = No exertion at all \& 10 = Maximal exertion
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Functional capacity
It was used to assess the cardiopulmonary fitness of the individuals. it is measured from 6-MWT
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 Second to forced vital capacity
Spirometry: was used to assess the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 Second (FEV₁) to forced vital capacity (FEV₁ /FVC)
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week
forced expiratory volume in 1 Second
Spirometry was used to assess forced expiratory volume in 1 Second (FEV₁)
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week
Maximum voluntary ventilation
Spirometry was used to assess maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)
Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Dec 2025
- Study start20 Jul 2024
- Primary completion1 Dec 2024
- Study completion10 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Smoking ( Cigarette)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Treatment group and control group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied Ahmeed
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied Ahmeed, October 6 University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07257783
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- O6U.P.T.REC/024/003002
- Other IDs
- O6U.P.T.REC/024/003002
- Acronym
- BBE PSE VO2max
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 2 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Buteyko Breathing Exercise Combined With Postural Stability Exercises on Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Young Adult Smokers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07257783
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BBE PSE VO2max / O6U.P.T.REC/024/003002
- Conditions
- Smoking ( Cigarette)
- Keywords
- Buteyko breathing exercise, Postural stability exercises, maximal oxygen consumption, young adult smokers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied AhmeedUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for respiratory diseases, affecting both lung function and overall respiratory health. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, contribute to airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural lung damage.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises on maximal oxygen consumption, pulmonary functions, oxygen saturation, functional capacity, and perceived exertion in young adult smokers. Subjects and procedures: Forty male smokers were recruit-ed from Nahda university. Their age ranged between 18-30 years. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups equal in number. Study Group: They participated in 6 weeks training with Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises (3 sessions per week) Control group: They weren't exposed to any intervention. Both groups were assessed by using pulse oximeter to measure oxy-gen saturation, Spirostilk to measure pulmonary functions, Borg scale to measure perceived exertion and six-minute walk test to measure functional capacity and maximal oxygen consumption.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Treatment group and control group
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| control group | No intervention | –smokers didn't receive any intervention just measurement at the start of the study and at the end of the study |
| study group | Experimental | Other: Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercisesButeyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Cigarette Smokers.
- Smoking period from 3 to 7 years
- They were medically stable.
- Age between 18 to 30 years.
- Male gender only was allowed to participate.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Smokers diagnosed with any chronic disease or orthopedic problems.
- Mental disorders.
- Current intervention for cancer or active infection
- Obese their BMI above 26 and athlete people
- People who participated in any activity such as walking for long periods and swimming
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercisesBBE: The therapist instructs the patient to sit comfortably, breathing naturally through the nose. They should hold their breath until the need to inhale arises, then exhale through the nasal passage. The patient maintains a straight back with feet shoulder-width apart, eyes closed, breathing calmly. After 20-30 seconds, they repeat the exercises for 3 minutes, followed by another pause and repetition. This is done for another 3 minutes, ending with a 2-minute rest before the next session. Duration: 15 minutes. PSE :Warming up phase: shoulder circles and twist torso during walking for 5 minutes. Training phase include 10-15 reps per set, 2-4 sets per exercise,30-60 seconds rest period between sets. Cooling down phase includes hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds, 2-4 reps per per side and rest for 15-30 seconds between reps. Bridging Side-lying leg raise Wall push-ups Lateral trunk flexion Chin tuck Stretch pectoralis major muscle,upper trapezius \& SCM All these for 3/week for 6 weeks | Other | study group |
Primary outcome
maximal oxygen consumption
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
it is the highest rate at which the body can take in, transport, and utilize oxygen during intense exercise. It is considered a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness and endurance performance. Measured in: Milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). it was calculated by estimated method from six minute walk test by this equation 12.701 + (0.06 × 6-minute walk distance m) - (0.732 × body mass indexkg/m2)
7 secondary outcomes
oxygen saturation
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
forced viral capacity
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
perceived rate of exertion
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
Functional capacity
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks
the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 Second to forced vital capacity
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week
forced expiratory volume in 1 Second
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week
Maximum voluntary ventilation
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Dec 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises in people with Smoking ( Cigarette), run by Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied Ahmeed at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
maximal oxygen consumption (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Dec 2025.