Psychological ResilienceRSUS-AENCT07262684
Resilience Training for University Students After the Earthquakes
A study testing Psychological Resilience Workshops in people with Psychological Resilience and Psychological Well-being, run by Ege University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Earthquakes can have strong emotional effects on people, especially large disasters such as the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on February 6, 2023. The anniversaries of such events can be difficult times when fear, anxiety, and memories of loss may return. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Psychological Resilience, Psychological Well-being
- What is being tested?
- Psychological Resilience Workshops
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2025to 30 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being over 18 years of age and not having a legal guardian
- Attending at least 80% of the workshop sessions
- Having sufficient reading ability and physical capacity to complete the data collection form independently -
- Exclusion Criteria:Presence of cognitive impairments that prevent completion of the data collection forms (e.g., difficulties in comprehension, speech, reasoning, or decision-making)
- Receiving professional psychological support that could affect resilience or well-being during the data collection period
- Being officially enrolled in the academic term but not actively attending in-person education
- -
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of the Psychological Resilience Workshop Implemented After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes on University Students' Levels of Psychological Resilience
Earthquakes can have strong emotional effects on people, especially large disasters such as the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on February 6, 2023. The anniversaries of such events can be difficult times when fear, anxiety, and memories of loss may return. This study aims to increase the psychological resilience and psychological well-being of university students who are beginning their first year.
The target group of this study is students in the foreign language preparatory program, whether they have personally experienced the earthquake or not. The study will examine the effects of a six-week workshop program designed for these students.
Read more
The study includes three measurement points: a pre-test, a post-test, and a follow-up test. All students will be invited to complete the initial screening, which will assess their resilience and psychological well-being levels. Students who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (18 students) or the control group (18 students).
Students in the intervention group will participate in the Psychological Resilience Workshop, which takes place once a week for six weeks and lasts about 60-90 minutes per session. The workshop combines a cognitive-behavioral approach with creative emotional expression activities. During the sessions, students will work on understanding themselves, recognizing difficult emotions, identifying their sources of support, and strengthening their psychological resilience. Activities include drawing, storytelling, creative exercises, and group games.
Students in the control group will not receive an intervention but will be provided with information about psychological support services they can access if needed.
The workshop is expected to increase students' psychological resilience and psychological well-being in both the short term and the long term. The results of this study may help develop a practical, sustainable, low-cost mental health support program that can be used with university students.
Read the detailed description
The earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Kahramanmaraş were large-scale disasters that directly or indirectly affected individuals across a wide region. The anniversaries of major traumatic events are known to be periods in which anxiety, mood fluctuations, reactivation of loss-related memories, and emotional sensitivity may intensify. This process can be particularly impactful for university students, who are in a developmental stage that involves significant academic, social, and emotional transitions. Regardless of whether they directly experienced the earthquake, first-year language preparatory students represent a heterogeneous group and may display varying levels of psychological impact.
Psychological resilience refers to the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, or trauma while maintaining functional well-being. Strengthening resilience is known to support emotional regulation, adaptability, and effective coping skills. Previous studies indicate that group-based resilience interventions rooted in cognitive-behavioral principles can be beneficial for young adults.
This study is designed as a randomized controlled experimental trial conducted with students enrolled in the university's foreign language preparatory program. In the initial phase, all preparatory students will be invited to participate in an online screening assessment. Students meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Randomization will be stratified according to the province in which students resided during the earthquake period, ensuring balanced representation of those who experienced the earthquake and those who did not, thereby improving comparability between groups.
The intervention group will participate in a six-session "Psychological Resilience Workshop," developed based on cognitive-behavioral principles and enhanced with expressive arts techniques. The sessions focus on themes such as self-perception, goal setting, emotional awareness, interpersonal support resources, coping with loss and adversity, and the development of an individualized resilience framework. The program content has been structured with expert consultation. The control group will not receive any intervention but will be provided with information about available support resources should they experience psychological distress.
The study includes three assessment time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. This structure allows for evaluation of both the short-term and medium-term effects of the intervention. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of an accessible, cost-effective, and evidence-based psychological resilience program suitable for university populations.
- Conditions
- Psychological Resilience, Psychological Well-being
- Being tested
- Psychological Resilience Workshops
- Keywords
- psychological resilience, psychogical well-being, Earthquake, university students
- Medical subject headings
- Psychological Well-Being
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Psychological Resilience WorkshopsBehavioural
Psychological Resilience Workshops are designed as a comprehensive group program aimed at strengthening university students' levels of psychological resilience and well-being. Grounded in the principles of Cognitive Behavioral Theory, the program is enriched with expressive arts techniques that support emotional awareness and self-expression. Over the course of six weeks, participants engage in activities that foster self-awareness, self-esteem, social support, and flexibility skills, helping them explore and enhance their own psychological resilience. Drawing on research findings emphasizing the importance of self-esteem, well-being, and sense of belonging among university students, the Psychological Resilience Workshops are structured to directly promote these areas.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| İntervention Group | Experimental | A six-session program was implemented with this group. The program was delivered face-to-face in a group format. Receives: Behavioral: Psychological Resilience Workshops |
| control group | No intervention | control: At the time the intervention group completed the program, this group was administered the post-test and follow-up test. No intervention was provided; however, participants were informed at the beginning and end of the study about available psychological support services if needed. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - Short Form
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was developed by Connor and Davidson (2003) to assess individuals' psychological resilience following adverse life events. The original scale consists of 25 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not true at all) to 4 (true nearly all the time). Psychometric evaluations demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 (Connor \& Davidson, 2003). Short-form versions were later developed based on factor analytic studies. The Turkish adaptation and psychometric assessment of the short form were conducted by Kaya and Odacı (2021). Higher scores indicate higher levels of psychological resilience. The scale is self-administered and takes approximately five minutes to complete. In the present study, the scale was administered at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Measured: pretest(around the period after the anniversary of the earthquake), posttest (after workshop), follow test (after four week)
Psychological Well-Being Scale
The Psychological Well-Being Scale was developed by Diener and colleagues (Diener et al., 1985, 2010) and adapted into Turkish by Telef (2013). The scale is used to evaluate individuals' socio-psychological well-being. It consists of 8 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), yielding a total score between 8 and 56. All items are positively worded. As the scale does not include sub-dimensions, higher scores indicate that individuals possess greater psychological resources, such as positive relationships, a sense of competence, and a meaningful and purposeful life. Psychometric studies have demonstrated that the scale is valid and reliable for use with university students in Türkiye (SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.96, RFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95, IFI = 0.95). The scale is self-administered and requires approximately five minutes to complete.
Measured: pretest(around the period after the anniversary of the earthquake), posttest (after workshop), follow test (after four week)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Dec 2025
- Study start10 Feb 2025
- Primary completion30 Aug 2025
- Study completion30 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Psychological ResilienceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ege UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study is a controlled, single-blind, randomized, experimental follow-up study.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ege University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ege Miray Topcu, Ege University
- Investigators
- Emel Öztürk Turgut, PhD, Study chair, Ege University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07262684
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 424K083
- Other IDs
- 424K083
- Acronym
- RSUS-AE
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 23 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 4 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of the Psychological Resilience Workshop Implemented After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes on University Students' Levels of Psychological Resilience
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07262684
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RSUS-AE / 424K083
- Conditions
- Psychological Resilience, Psychological Well-being
- Keywords
- psychological resilience, psychogical well-being, Earthquake, university students
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ege UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Earthquakes can have strong emotional effects on people, especially large disasters such as the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on February 6, 2023. The anniversaries of such events can be difficult times when fear, anxiety, and memories of loss may return. This study aims to increase the psychological resilience and psychological well-being of university students who are beginning their first year.
The target group of this study is students in the foreign language preparatory program, whether they have personally experienced the earthquake or not. The study will examine the effects of a six-week workshop program designed for these students.
The study includes three measurement points: a pre-test, a post-test, and a follow-up test. All students will be invited to complete the initial screening, which will assess their resilience and psychological well-being levels. Students who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (18 students) or the control group (18 students).
Students in the intervention group will participate in the Psychological Resilience Workshop, which takes place once a week for six weeks and lasts about 60-90 minutes per session. The workshop combines a cognitive-behavioral approach with creative emotional expression activities. During the sessions, students will work on understanding themselves, recognizing difficult emotions, identifying their sources of support, and strengthening their psychological resilience. Activities include drawing, storytelling, creative exercises, and group games.
Students in the control group will not receive an intervention but will be provided with information about psychological support services they can access if needed.
The workshop is expected to increase students' psychological resilience and psychological well-being in both the short term and the long term. The results of this study may help develop a practical, sustainable, low-cost mental health support program that can be used with university students.
Detailed description
The earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Kahramanmaraş were large-scale disasters that directly or indirectly affected individuals across a wide region. The anniversaries of major traumatic events are known to be periods in which anxiety, mood fluctuations, reactivation of loss-related memories, and emotional sensitivity may intensify. This process can be particularly impactful for university students, who are in a developmental stage that involves significant academic, social, and emotional transitions. Regardless of whether they directly experienced the earthquake, first-year language preparatory students represent a heterogeneous group and may display varying levels of psychological impact.
Psychological resilience refers to the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, or trauma while maintaining functional well-being. Strengthening resilience is known to support emotional regulation, adaptability, and effective coping skills. Previous studies indicate that group-based resilience interventions rooted in cognitive-behavioral principles can be beneficial for young adults.
This study is designed as a randomized controlled experimental trial conducted with students enrolled in the university's foreign language preparatory program. In the initial phase, all preparatory students will be invited to participate in an online screening assessment. Students meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Randomization will be stratified according to the province in which students resided during the earthquake period, ensuring balanced representation of those who experienced the earthquake and those who did not, thereby improving comparability between groups.
The intervention group will participate in a six-session "Psychological Resilience Workshop," developed based on cognitive-behavioral principles and enhanced with expressive arts techniques. The sessions focus on themes such as self-perception, goal setting, emotional awareness, interpersonal support resources, coping with loss and adversity, and the development of an individualized resilience framework. The program content has been structured with expert consultation. The control group will not receive any intervention but will be provided with information about available support resources should they experience psychological distress.
The study includes three assessment time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. This structure allows for evaluation of both the short-term and medium-term effects of the intervention. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of an accessible, cost-effective, and evidence-based psychological resilience program suitable for university populations.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The study is a controlled, single-blind, randomized, experimental follow-up study.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| İntervention Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Psychological Resilience WorkshopsA six-session program was implemented with this group. The program was delivered face-to-face in a group format. |
| control group | No intervention | –control: At the time the intervention group completed the program, this group was administered the post-test and follow-up test. No intervention was provided; however, participants were informed at the beginning and end of the study about available psychological support services if needed. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Being over 18 years of age and not having a legal guardian
- Attending at least 80% of the workshop sessions
- Having sufficient reading ability and physical capacity to complete the data collection form independently -
- Exclusion Criteria:Presence of cognitive impairments that prevent completion of the data collection forms (e.g., difficulties in comprehension, speech, reasoning, or decision-making)
- Receiving professional psychological support that could affect resilience or well-being during the data collection period
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological Resilience WorkshopsPsychological Resilience Workshops are designed as a comprehensive group program aimed at strengthening university students' levels of psychological resilience and well-being. Grounded in the principles of Cognitive Behavioral Theory, the program is enriched with expressive arts techniques that support emotional awareness and self-expression. Over the course of six weeks, participants engage in activities that foster self-awareness, self-esteem, social support, and flexibility skills, helping them explore and enhance their own psychological resilience. Drawing on research findings emphasizing the importance of self-esteem, well-being, and sense of belonging among university students, the Psychological Resilience Workshops are structured to directly promote these areas. | Behavioural | İntervention Group |
Primary outcome
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - Short Form
Time frame: pretest(around the period after the anniversary of the earthquake), posttest (after workshop), follow test (after four week)
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was developed by Connor and Davidson (2003) to assess individuals' psychological resilience following adverse life events. The original scale consists of 25 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not true at all) to 4 (true nearly all the time). Psychometric evaluations demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 (Connor \& Davidson, 2003). Short-form versions were later developed based on factor analytic studies. The Turkish adaptation and psychometric assessment of the short form were conducted by Kaya and Odacı (2021). Higher scores indicate higher levels of psychological resilience. The scale is self-administered and takes approximately five minutes to complete. In the present study, the scale was administered at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Psychological Well-Being Scale
Time frame: pretest(around the period after the anniversary of the earthquake), posttest (after workshop), follow test (after four week)
The Psychological Well-Being Scale was developed by Diener and colleagues (Diener et al., 1985, 2010) and adapted into Turkish by Telef (2013). The scale is used to evaluate individuals' socio-psychological well-being. It consists of 8 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), yielding a total score between 8 and 56. All items are positively worded. As the scale does not include sub-dimensions, higher scores indicate that individuals possess greater psychological resources, such as positive relationships, a sense of competence, and a meaningful and purposeful life. Psychometric studies have demonstrated that the scale is valid and reliable for use with university students in Türkiye (SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.96, RFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95, IFI = 0.95). The scale is self-administered and requires approximately five minutes to complete.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Emel Öztürk Turgut, PhD study chair
Ege University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Psychological Resilience Workshops in people with Psychological Resilience and Psychological Well-being, run by Ege University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - Short Form (time frame: pretest(around the period after the anniversary of the earthquake), posttest (after workshop), follow test (after four week)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Dec 2025.