Woman's RoleNCT07262996
Comparison the Gender Effects of Knee Joint and Foot Complex Alignment During Single Leg Squat in Sedentaries
An observational study of Woman's Role and Men's Role, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
In this study, the investigators aimed to investigate the relationship between the dynamic valgus index and the dynamic valgus index during the landing phase of the single leg squat movement of sedentary people according to gender and to evaluate the effect of the postural alignment of the ankle and foot complex on… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Woman's Role, Men's Role
- What is being tested?
- Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility tests
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 70 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Sep 2023to 25 Jul 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Healthy young people who can perform the single leg squat activity
Who may be able to join
- To be between the ages of 18-30
- To have the physical capacity to perform single leg squat activity
- Voluntarily participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Current pain in the trunk and lower extremities
- Having a disease affecting the musculoskeletal system in the last six months
- History of surgery involving the lumbar region and lower extremities
- Having a neurological disease
- Having a disease that affects balance (such as vertigo)
- Diagnosis of a rheumatologic disease.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Gaziantep Şahinbey Ünaldı Aile Sağlığı Merkezi
Gaziantep, 27300
About this study
In this study, the investigators aimed to investigate the relationship between the dynamic valgus index and the dynamic valgus index during the landing phase of the single leg squat movement of sedentary people according to gender and to evaluate the effect of the postural alignment of the ankle and foot complex on the stability of the knee joint during the single leg squat.
Read the detailed description
Single leg squatting is the basis of many functional activities such as walking, running, landing and balance. Single leg squat is generally preferred for lower extremity rehabilitation and assessment of dynamic hip joint control, lower extremity kinematics and lower extremity alignment. Many studies have used single leg squats for knee kinematics assessment. Excessive knee valgus, hip adduction and abduction of the knee joint during the single leg squat pose a risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and other ligaments.
The single-leg squat test is frequently used clinically to provide a simple and convenient assessment of neuromuscular control for the lumbo-pelvic region. Misalignment of the lower limb can affect knee and hip kinematics during athletic movements, causing disorders such as anterior cruciate ligament lesions, iliotibial band syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome. The single leg squat test is a clinical functional test commonly used to assess clinical abnormal movement patterns of the lower limbs in terms of kinetic chain or coordinated muscle activity. This scale provides assessment of five dimensions: general impression, trunk posture, pelvis in space, hip joint movement and knee joint movement. Since the single-leg squat test tests both daily activity and lower limb balance ability during athletic tasks, it was deemed appropriate to perform it separately on both legs. It is a valid and reliable test preferred in the literature as a functional test that evaluates lower extremity and especially knee joint balance skills.
In the light of this information, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dynamic valgus index and the dynamic valgus index during the landing phase of the single leg squat movement of sedentary people according to gender and to evaluate the effect of the postural alignment of the ankle and foot complex on the stability of the knee joint during the single leg squat.
- Conditions
- Woman's Role, Men's Role
- Being tested
- Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility tests
- Keywords
- Single leg squat test, Q angle, Lower extremity alignment, Dynamic knee valgus, Navicular drop
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility testsBehavioural
During the single leg squat test, they will be asked to perform a squat every two seconds without bending forward or sideways while maintaining their balance with their hands crossed over their chest. While performing the movement three (3) times in a slow and controlled manner, they will be recorded with a video camera positioned at 90 degrees to their full height (approximately 3m). This recording will be evaluated in computer environment with Kineovea 0.9.5 motion analysis program and dynamic valgus index will be calculated. Q angle will be measured with a goniometer in both standing and supine position. Medial longitudinal arch height will be measured by navicular drop test. Foot posture of the participants will be evaluated with the Foot Posture Index developed by Redmond et al. (2006) to evaluate foot posture.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Men participants | Men participants between the ages of 18-30 years having an active lifestyle, able to squat without any pain or discomfort during the initial evaluation Receives: Behavioral: Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility tests | |
| Women participants | Women participants between the ages of 18-30 years having an active lifestyle, able to squat without any pain or discomfort during the initial evaluation Receives: Behavioral: Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility tests |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Dynamic Valgus Index(DVI)
The mark between the participant's SIAS and the midpoint of the patella will be marked as the femur segment, and the mark between the patella and the foot will be marked as the tibia segment and video recording will be taken. Dynamic Valgus Index Measurement will be performed using Kineovea 0.9.5 motion analysis program. Knee frontal plane projection angle(KFPPA) will be measured with the computer program. The angle hip frontal plane projection angle(HFPPA) will be measured between the pelvis and the femur segment by determining the pelvis segment with the line connecting both SIAS marks. HFPPA will be subtracted from 90 degrees (90º - A) and KFPPA will be subtracted from 180 degrees (180º - B) and the DVI angle will be obtained by summing these two values.
Measured: 3 months
Single leg squat test
The participants' spina iliaca anterior superior (SIAS) in the frontal plane, the middle of the patella on both sides, and the middle of the ankle will be marked by sticking red colored tape. The test protocol will be explained, visually demonstrated, and three (3) repetitions will be made to try and get used to the test. A T-shape will be drawn on the floor with tape to facilitate the evaluation and they will be asked to hold their free foot behind their back while standing barefoot. They will be asked to perform a squat every two seconds without leaning forward and sideways, while maintaining their balance with their hands crossed on their chest. While performing the movement three (3) times in a slow and controlled manner, they will be recorded with a video camera positioned at 90 degrees to their full height (approximately 3m). It will be observed on the video whether the participants are positioned in the straight midline towards the single leg squat test line. If the patella
Measured: 3 months
Foot posture index
The participants' foot posture will be assessed using the Foot Posture Index developed by Redmond et al. (2006) to assess foot posture. It is mainly used to define the degree of supination, neutral or pronation position of the foot. All assessments are performed in a comfortable standing position with equal weight on both feet. This posture is reported to be close to the positions taken by the foot during the gait cycle. This index is composed of 6 assessment headings: palpation of the talus head, inclination above and below the lateral malleolus, calcaneal inversion/eversion assessment in the hindfoot, talonavicular alignment (concavity/convexity), medial arch height and forefoot abduction/adduction in the forefoot.
Measured: 3 months
The demographic data of the participants
Age, gender, dominant limb, occupational status, working positions, sports practiced, if any, and weekly physical activity duration of the individuals included in the study will be recorded before the tests. The dominant limb will be determined as the limb preferred by the individuals for kicking the ball.
Measured: 3 months
Weight of the participants
Weight of the participants were measured
Measured: 3 months
Height of the participants
Height of the participants were measured
Measured: 3 months
Body Mass Index(BMI) of the participants
BMI was calculated from weight and height data as kg/m^2
Measured: 3 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Pain assessment
While performing the Squat Test, the participant will be asked if he/she has pain; if so, where it is located and will be asked to indicate the degree of pain with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Questions to be asked:
Did you feel pain during squatting? If so, where did you feel pain? If you rate your pain on a visual scale (0 being the least and 10 being the most), how severe was the pain?
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted4 Dec 2025
- Study start25 Sep 2023
- Primary completion25 Jul 2024
- Study completion25 Jul 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Woman's RoleStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istinye UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Habibe Serap İnal, PhD, Study director, Istanbul Galata UniversityMehmet Onur Savaş, MSc.c, Principal investigator, Istinye University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07262996
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IstinyeUniversity
- Status last verified
- Oct 2023
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2023
- Last updated
- 4 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gianola S, Castellini G, Stucovitz E, Nardo A, Banfi G. Single leg squat performance in physically and non-physically active individuals: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Jul 14;18(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1660-8.
PubMed 28709418Scholtes SA, Salsich GB. A DYNAMIC VALGUS INDEX THAT COMBINES HIP AND KNEE ANGLES: ASSESSMENT OF UTILITY IN FEMALES WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Jun;12(3):333-340.
PubMed 28593087Warner MB, Wilson DA, Herrington L, Dixon S, Power C, Jones R, Heller MO, Carden P, Lewis CL. A systematic review of the discriminating biomechanical parameters during the single leg squat. Phys Ther Sport. 2019 Mar;36:78-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
PubMed 30703642
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison the Gender Effects of Knee Joint and Foot Complex Alignment During Single Leg Squat in Sedentaries
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07262996
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IstinyeUniversity
- Conditions
- Woman's Role, Men's Role
- Keywords
- Single leg squat test, Q angle, Lower extremity alignment, Dynamic knee valgus, Navicular drop
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 25 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Jul 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 4 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this study, the investigators aimed to investigate the relationship between the dynamic valgus index and the dynamic valgus index during the landing phase of the single leg squat movement of sedentary people according to gender and to evaluate the effect of the postural alignment of the ankle and foot complex on the stability of the knee joint during the single leg squat.
Detailed description
Single leg squatting is the basis of many functional activities such as walking, running, landing and balance. Single leg squat is generally preferred for lower extremity rehabilitation and assessment of dynamic hip joint control, lower extremity kinematics and lower extremity alignment. Many studies have used single leg squats for knee kinematics assessment. Excessive knee valgus, hip adduction and abduction of the knee joint during the single leg squat pose a risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and other ligaments.
The single-leg squat test is frequently used clinically to provide a simple and convenient assessment of neuromuscular control for the lumbo-pelvic region. Misalignment of the lower limb can affect knee and hip kinematics during athletic movements, causing disorders such as anterior cruciate ligament lesions, iliotibial band syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome. The single leg squat test is a clinical functional test commonly used to assess clinical abnormal movement patterns of the lower limbs in terms of kinetic chain or coordinated muscle activity. This scale provides assessment of five dimensions: general impression, trunk posture, pelvis in space, hip joint movement and knee joint movement. Since the single-leg squat test tests both daily activity and lower limb balance ability during athletic tasks, it was deemed appropriate to perform it separately on both legs. It is a valid and reliable test preferred in the literature as a functional test that evaluates lower extremity and especially knee joint balance skills.
In the light of this information, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dynamic valgus index and the dynamic valgus index during the landing phase of the single leg squat movement of sedentary people according to gender and to evaluate the effect of the postural alignment of the ankle and foot complex on the stability of the knee joint during the single leg squat.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Men participants | – | Behavioral: Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility testsMen participants between the ages of 18-30 years having an active lifestyle, able to squat without any pain or discomfort during the initial evaluation |
| Women participants | – | Behavioral: Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility testsWomen participants between the ages of 18-30 years having an active lifestyle, able to squat without any pain or discomfort during the initial evaluation |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Healthy young people who can perform the single leg squat activity
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- To be between the ages of 18-30
- To have the physical capacity to perform single leg squat activity
- Voluntarily participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Current pain in the trunk and lower extremities
- Having a disease affecting the musculoskeletal system in the last six months
- History of surgery involving the lumbar region and lower extremities
- Having a neurological disease
- Having a disease that affects balance (such as vertigo)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic profile, dynamic valgus index, single leg squat test, Q angle, Foot posture index, navicular drop test, pain assessment, muscle strength and flexibility testsDuring the single leg squat test, they will be asked to perform a squat every two seconds without bending forward or sideways while maintaining their balance with their hands crossed over their chest. While performing the movement three (3) times in a slow and controlled manner, they will be recorded with a video camera positioned at 90 degrees to their full height (approximately 3m). This recording will be evaluated in computer environment with Kineovea 0.9.5 motion analysis program and dynamic valgus index will be calculated. Q angle will be measured with a goniometer in both standing and supine position. Medial longitudinal arch height will be measured by navicular drop test. Foot posture of the participants will be evaluated with the Foot Posture Index developed by Redmond et al. (2006) to evaluate foot posture. | Behavioural | Men participants, Women participants |
Primary outcome
Dynamic Valgus Index(DVI)
Time frame: 3 months
The mark between the participant's SIAS and the midpoint of the patella will be marked as the femur segment, and the mark between the patella and the foot will be marked as the tibia segment and video recording will be taken. Dynamic Valgus Index Measurement will be performed using Kineovea 0.9.5 motion analysis program. Knee frontal plane projection angle(KFPPA) will be measured with the computer program. The angle hip frontal plane projection angle(HFPPA) will be measured between the pelvis and the femur segment by determining the pelvis segment with the line connecting both SIAS marks. HFPPA will be subtracted from 90 degrees (90º - A) and KFPPA will be subtracted from 180 degrees (180º - B) and the DVI angle will be obtained by summing these two values.
Single leg squat test
Time frame: 3 months
The participants' spina iliaca anterior superior (SIAS) in the frontal plane, the middle of the patella on both sides, and the middle of the ankle will be marked by sticking red colored tape. The test protocol will be explained, visually demonstrated, and three (3) repetitions will be made to try and get used to the test. A T-shape will be drawn on the floor with tape to facilitate the evaluation and they will be asked to hold their free foot behind their back while standing barefoot. They will be asked to perform a squat every two seconds without leaning forward and sideways, while maintaining their balance with their hands crossed on their chest. While performing the movement three (3) times in a slow and controlled manner, they will be recorded with a video camera positioned at 90 degrees to their full height (approximately 3m). It will be observed on the video whether the participants are positioned in the straight midline towards the single leg squat test line. If the patella
Foot posture index
Time frame: 3 months
The participants' foot posture will be assessed using the Foot Posture Index developed by Redmond et al. (2006) to assess foot posture. It is mainly used to define the degree of supination, neutral or pronation position of the foot. All assessments are performed in a comfortable standing position with equal weight on both feet. This posture is reported to be close to the positions taken by the foot during the gait cycle. This index is composed of 6 assessment headings: palpation of the talus head, inclination above and below the lateral malleolus, calcaneal inversion/eversion assessment in the hindfoot, talonavicular alignment (concavity/convexity), medial arch height and forefoot abduction/adduction in the forefoot.
The demographic data of the participants
Time frame: 3 months
Age, gender, dominant limb, occupational status, working positions, sports practiced, if any, and weekly physical activity duration of the individuals included in the study will be recorded before the tests. The dominant limb will be determined as the limb preferred by the individuals for kicking the ball.
Weight of the participants
Time frame: 3 months
Weight of the participants were measured
Height of the participants
Time frame: 3 months
Height of the participants were measured
Body Mass Index(BMI) of the participants
Time frame: 3 months
BMI was calculated from weight and height data as kg/m^2
1 secondary outcome
Pain assessment
Time frame: 3 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Dec 2025.
- Background: PubMed 28709418Gianola S, Castellini G, Stucovitz E, Nardo A, Banfi G. Single leg squat performance in physically and non-physically active individuals: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Jul 14;18(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1660-8.
- Background: PubMed 28593087Scholtes SA, Salsich GB. A DYNAMIC VALGUS INDEX THAT COMBINES HIP AND KNEE ANGLES: ASSESSMENT OF UTILITY IN FEMALES WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Jun;12(3):333-340.
- Background: PubMed 30703642Warner MB, Wilson DA, Herrington L, Dixon S, Power C, Jones R, Heller MO, Carden P, Lewis CL. A systematic review of the discriminating biomechanical parameters during the single leg squat. Phys Ther Sport. 2019 Mar;36:78-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Habibe Serap İnal, PhD study director
Istanbul Galata University
Mehmet Onur Savaş, MSc.c principal investigator
Istinye University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Woman's Role and Men's Role, run by Istinye University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Dynamic Valgus Index(DVI) (time frame: 3 months). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07262996, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Dec 2025.