DementiaVReducationRCTNCT07265856
The Effect of a Comprehensive Dementia Education Program on Improving Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia
A study testing Comprehensive VR Program and Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR) in people with Dementia, run by Universitas Airlangga at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial focuses on Indonesian nursing students and examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) dementia education programs. The study addresses the following research questions: 1. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dementia
- What is being tested?
- Comprehensive VR Program and Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2025to 30 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Nursing students enrolled in the designated semester at Universitas Airlangga.
- Students registered in the courses aligned with the implementation of the VR dementia education program.
Who cannot join
- Students who have prior experience with similar VR dementia education programs.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of a Comprehensive Dementia Education Program on Improving Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial focuses on Indonesian nursing students and examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) dementia education programs. The study addresses the following research questions:
- What is the current level of knowledge and awareness about dementia among participants before they engage in a VR dementia education program?
- What is the effect of a VR dementia education program on improving participants' attitudes, knowledge, and intention to help people living with dementia, and how satisfied are participants with the VR education program?
Participants will voluntarily join a 100-minute class session, with each participant attending only once. Participants are individually randomized into either the intervention group or the control group. The program is integrated into the faculty's dementia-related courses and includes several components: introduction, pre-program questionnaire, lecture, undesirable drama (unfriendly communication), undesirable VR experience, discussion, Lecture 1 (dementia overview), desirable VR experience, desirable drama, Lecture 2, N-impro, post-program questionnaire, and conclusion.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate a virtual reality (VR) dementia education program among nursing students in Indonesia. Participants will be nursing students enrolled in specific semesters and courses that have been selected for the implementation of this educational program. At Universitas Airlangga, the study will involve students in the fifth semester (third year). All prospective participants will be assigned new ID numbers to ensure confidentiality. This protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga.
The VR dementia education program will be integrated into the Psychiatric Nursing course, which includes topics related to dementia care. Participants will be recruited during this course through in-class announcements. An overview of the study procedures will be provided, and detailed instructions will be given shortly before data collection begins. The research team will inform students about the study approximately one week in advance, and recruitment will take place via Google Forms. Students who agree to participate will receive their new ID numbers and details regarding the schedule and location of the program through class announcements three days before the intervention.
On the intervention day, participants will arrive at the designated location and sign the attendance list using their assigned IDs. The Principal Investigator (PI) will explain the study procedures and emphasize that participation is voluntary and that students may withdraw at any time without penalty. Students who choose not to participate will still receive standard dementia-related learning material through the university's e-learning platform, but they will not take part in the VR-based educational program. Students who agree to participate will provide informed consent and complete questionnaires before and after the intervention.
Eligible participants will be identified through the university's e-learning portal. Students registered in the selected courses for the 2025/2026 academic year will be screened at the beginning of the semester. All eligible students will receive comprehensive information about the study and an invitation to participate.
The research team will describe the study in person and distribute written information at the start of the course. The 2025/2026 course consists of four classes, each with approximately 50-60 students. All class will be randomly assigned to the intervention group. The intervention group will receive the comprehensive VR dementia education program, and the control group will receive standard dementia-related material via the e-learning platform. Both groups will complete pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. To evaluate long-term effects, follow-up data will be collected from both groups at the end of the course (expected February-March 2025).
The intervention group will participate in a single VR dementia education session, while the control group will receive a single standard lecture through the e-learning platform. Students who provide informed consent will complete the baseline survey (T1). In the intervention group, students will attend a classroom lecture and discussion on dementia (first class session) and then complete a post-lecture survey (T2). Both groups will then complete the final follow-up survey (T3) at the end of the semester. The control group will follow the same survey timeline (T1-T3).
- Conditions
- Dementia
- Being tested
- Comprehensive VR Program, Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR)
- Keywords
- Aged, Dementia, Education program, Healthcare student, Long-term care, Virtual reality
- Medical subject headings
- Dementia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Comprehensive VR ProgramBehavioural
The intervention is a single-session VR dementia education program with up to 20 participants per session. The program includes: introduction; pre-program questionnaire; short lecture; bad drama video; a VR scenario showing poor communication; discussion; Lecture 1 on dementia; a positive VR scenario; good drama video; Lecture 2 on supporting people with dementia; N-impro activity; post-program questionnaire; and a brief conclusion. The program combines videos, VR experiences, lectures, and discussions to simulate real dementia care situations, build reflection, and strengthen students' knowledge, communication skills, and attitudes toward people living with dementia. All activities follow a fixed timeline to keep the session structured and ensure that each component supports the learning objectives. Content translated from Japanese will be reviewed for cultural accuracy and adapted for Indonesian students.
Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR)Behavioural
The control group will receive a study explanation and complete the pre-test via Zoom. They will then follow a conventional dementia-related lecture program through the university's LMS, which includes lecture explanations, video lectures, and a discussion forum. Students will submit a written summary of the lecture as their assignment.
After the LMS learning period ends, participants will attend a second Zoom session to complete the post-test.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive VR education program group | Experimental | Behavioral: Comprehensive VR Dementia Education Programviewed for cultural accuracy and adapted for Indonesian students. Receives: Behavioral: Comprehensive VR Program |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Conventional Lecture Program Receives: Behavioral: Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Attitudes Toward People Living with Dementia
Participants' attitudes toward persons living with dementia (PLWD) will be assessed using the Attitudes Toward People with Dementia Scale, developed by Kim K and Kuroda K. (Kim K, Kuroda K. Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia: Development of the Attitude Toward Dementia Scale and Dementia Knowledge Scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine. 2011; 28(1), 43-55). The original scale was published in Japanese, and a forward-backward translation process was conducted to produce the Indonesian version of the scale. The questionnaire consists of 14 items and is designed to assess participants' attitudes toward people with PLWD. The estimated time to complete the questionnaire is 3-5 minutes.
Measured: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Secondary outcomes (3)
Knowledge of Dementia
Participants' knowledge of dementia will be assessed using the Dementia Knowledge Scale, developed by Kim and Kuroda (2011). This scale was originally designed to measure various aspects of dementia knowledge, including symptoms, causes, progression, and caregiving strategies. The scale consists of 15 multiple-choice and true/false questions that cover a broad range of dementia-related topics. The Indonesian version of the scale was created through a forward-backward translation process to ensure cultural and linguistic accuracy. Higher scores on this scale indicate a better understanding of dementia.
Measured: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Intention to Help Persons Living with Dementia (PLWD)
To assess participants' intention to help PLWD, we will use a set of four vignettes based on the study by Matsumoto et al. (2022). Each vignette presents a realistic scenario in which a person with dementia may need assistance, such as confusion in a public place, difficulty with daily tasks, or issues related to memory loss. Participants will read through each vignette and indicate their intended helping behavior on a 4-point Likert scale (ranging from "definitely would not help" to "definitely would help"). The vignettes are designed to assess the participants' willingness to offer practical, emotional, or social support to PLWD in everyday situations. The Indonesian version of the vignettes and Likert scale has also undergone a forward-backward translation to ensure that the language and context are appropriate for Indonesian nursing students.
Measured: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Ageist Attitudes Towards Older Adults
Participants' ageist attitudes will be assessed using selected items from the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA). The FSA is a validated instrument developed by Fraboni et al. (1990) that measures stereotypes, prejudice, and discriminatory attitudes toward older adults. In this study, a subset of key items will be adapted and translated into Indonesian version using a forward-backward translation process to ensure cultural and linguistic appropriateness. The selected items cover three main domains: Stereotyping, Social distancing, Discriminatory attitudes. Each item will be rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating stronger ageist attitudes. This measure will allow researchers to explore how underlying biases may impact students' empathy, communication, and willingness to provide equitable dementia care to older adults. This questionnaire is relevant to the study's aim of evaluating the impact of VR ASA not only on knowledg
Measured: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Dec 2025
- Study start1 Oct 2025
- Primary completion30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 May 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for DementiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be divided into 2 groups: intervention and control groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universitas Airlangga
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Chiba University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dianis Wulan Sari, Universitas Airlangga
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07265856
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 3922-KEPK
- Other IDs
- 39922-KEPK
- Acronym
- VReducationRCT
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 16 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 5 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The IPD associated with participants' real IDs will be retained only by the PI of this study. New datasets will use new IDs so that only the PI can link the research data to participants' original IDs. Datasets that use the new IDs will be shared with the research team for data processing purposes (statistical analysis plan, SAP) and publication. All data will be stored for five years (Oktober 2024-Oktober 2029). Datasets will not be made public and will only be shared with the project's research team.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of a Comprehensive Dementia Education Program on Improving Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07265856
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VReducationRCT / 3922-KEPK
- Conditions
- Dementia
- Keywords
- Aged, Dementia, Education program, Healthcare student, Long-term care, Virtual reality
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universitas AirlanggaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Chiba University
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 May 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial focuses on Indonesian nursing students and examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) dementia education programs. The study addresses the following research questions:
- What is the current level of knowledge and awareness about dementia among participants before they engage in a VR dementia education program?
- What is the effect of a VR dementia education program on improving participants' attitudes, knowledge, and intention to help people living with dementia, and how satisfied are participants with the VR education program?
Participants will voluntarily join a 100-minute class session, with each participant attending only once. Participants are individually randomized into either the intervention group or the control group. The program is integrated into the faculty's dementia-related courses and includes several components: introduction, pre-program questionnaire, lecture, undesirable drama (unfriendly communication), undesirable VR experience, discussion, Lecture 1 (dementia overview), desirable VR experience, desirable drama, Lecture 2, N-impro, post-program questionnaire, and conclusion.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate a virtual reality (VR) dementia education program among nursing students in Indonesia. Participants will be nursing students enrolled in specific semesters and courses that have been selected for the implementation of this educational program. At Universitas Airlangga, the study will involve students in the fifth semester (third year). All prospective participants will be assigned new ID numbers to ensure confidentiality. This protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga.
The VR dementia education program will be integrated into the Psychiatric Nursing course, which includes topics related to dementia care. Participants will be recruited during this course through in-class announcements. An overview of the study procedures will be provided, and detailed instructions will be given shortly before data collection begins. The research team will inform students about the study approximately one week in advance, and recruitment will take place via Google Forms. Students who agree to participate will receive their new ID numbers and details regarding the schedule and location of the program through class announcements three days before the intervention.
On the intervention day, participants will arrive at the designated location and sign the attendance list using their assigned IDs. The Principal Investigator (PI) will explain the study procedures and emphasize that participation is voluntary and that students may withdraw at any time without penalty. Students who choose not to participate will still receive standard dementia-related learning material through the university's e-learning platform, but they will not take part in the VR-based educational program. Students who agree to participate will provide informed consent and complete questionnaires before and after the intervention.
Eligible participants will be identified through the university's e-learning portal. Students registered in the selected courses for the 2025/2026 academic year will be screened at the beginning of the semester. All eligible students will receive comprehensive information about the study and an invitation to participate.
The research team will describe the study in person and distribute written information at the start of the course. The 2025/2026 course consists of four classes, each with approximately 50-60 students. All class will be randomly assigned to the intervention group. The intervention group will receive the comprehensive VR dementia education program, and the control group will receive standard dementia-related material via the e-learning platform. Both groups will complete pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. To evaluate long-term effects, follow-up data will be collected from both groups at the end of the course (expected February-March 2025).
The intervention group will participate in a single VR dementia education session, while the control group will receive a single standard lecture through the e-learning platform. Students who provide informed consent will complete the baseline survey (T1). In the intervention group, students will attend a classroom lecture and discussion on dementia (first class session) and then complete a post-lecture survey (T2). Both groups will then complete the final follow-up survey (T3) at the end of the semester. The control group will follow the same survey timeline (T1-T3).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants will be divided into 2 groups: intervention and control groups
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive VR education program group | Experimental | Behavioral: Comprehensive VR ProgramBehavioral: Comprehensive VR Dementia Education Programviewed for cultural accuracy and adapted for Indonesian students. |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR)Behavioral: Conventional Lecture Program |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Nursing students enrolled in the designated semester at Universitas Airlangga.
- Students registered in the courses aligned with the implementation of the VR dementia education program.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Students who have prior experience with similar VR dementia education programs.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive VR ProgramThe intervention is a single-session VR dementia education program with up to 20 participants per session. The program includes: introduction; pre-program questionnaire; short lecture; bad drama video; a VR scenario showing poor communication; discussion; Lecture 1 on dementia; a positive VR scenario; good drama video; Lecture 2 on supporting people with dementia; N-impro activity; post-program questionnaire; and a brief conclusion. The program combines videos, VR experiences, lectures, and discussions to simulate real dementia care situations, build reflection, and strengthen students' knowledge, communication skills, and attitudes toward people living with dementia. All activities follow a fixed timeline to keep the session structured and ensure that each component supports the learning objectives. Content translated from Japanese will be reviewed for cultural accuracy and adapted for Indonesian students. | Behavioural | Comprehensive VR education program group |
| Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR)The control group will receive a study explanation and complete the pre-test via Zoom. They will then follow a conventional dementia-related lecture program through the university's LMS, which includes lecture explanations, video lectures, and a discussion forum. Students will submit a written summary of the lecture as their assignment. After the LMS learning period ends, participants will attend a second Zoom session to complete the post-test. | Behavioural | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Attitudes Toward People Living with Dementia
Time frame: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Participants' attitudes toward persons living with dementia (PLWD) will be assessed using the Attitudes Toward People with Dementia Scale, developed by Kim K and Kuroda K. (Kim K, Kuroda K. Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia: Development of the Attitude Toward Dementia Scale and Dementia Knowledge Scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine. 2011; 28(1), 43-55). The original scale was published in Japanese, and a forward-backward translation process was conducted to produce the Indonesian version of the scale. The questionnaire consists of 14 items and is designed to assess participants' attitudes toward people with PLWD. The estimated time to complete the questionnaire is 3-5 minutes.
3 secondary outcomes
Knowledge of Dementia
Time frame: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Intention to Help Persons Living with Dementia (PLWD)
Time frame: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Ageist Attitudes Towards Older Adults
Time frame: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The IPD associated with participants' real IDs will be retained only by the PI of this study. New datasets will use new IDs so that only the PI can link the research data to participants' original IDs. Datasets that use the new IDs will be shared with the research team for data processing purposes (statistical analysis plan, SAP) and publication. All data will be stored for five years (Oktober 2024-Oktober 2029). Datasets will not be made public and will only be shared with the project's research team.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Comprehensive VR Program and Conventional Lecture Program (Non-VR) in people with Dementia, run by Universitas Airlangga at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Attitudes Toward People Living with Dementia (time frame: - Baseline (before the intervention, on the same day as the session) - Immediately after the intervention (within 0-60 minutes after the session ends) - Long-term follow-up at 3 months after the intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Dec 2025.