Cognitive PerformanceNCT07268573
Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Trained Athletes
A study testing Caffeine, L-theanine and Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine in people with Cognitive Performance and Physical Performance Enhancement, run by Ulaş Can YILDIRIM at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this clinical trial is to examine how caffeine and L-theanine, taken alone or together, affect both physical and cognitive performance in healthy, trained athletes. The study aims to answer whether these commonly consumed dietary ingredients can enhance strength, endurance, and hand-eye coordination under… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cognitive Performance, Physical Performance Enhancement, Caffeine and L-theanine Interaction
- What is being tested?
- Caffeine, L-theanine and Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2025to 14 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Active participation in individual or team sports at a competitive level
- Age between [insert range, e.g., 18-30] years
- Absence of any known medical or metabolic disorder
Who cannot join
- History of cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders within the past 12 months
- Known intolerance or hypersensitivity to caffeine or theanine
- Allergy to mannitol or other excipients used in capsule formulation
- Current use of prescription medications
- Physician-directed restriction of caffeine or theanine consumption.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Sinop University Facility
Sinop, Centarl, 57100
About this study
Official title: Acute Effects of Combined and Isolated Caffeine and Theanine Supplementation on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Competitive Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
The aim of this clinical trial is to examine how caffeine and L-theanine, taken alone or together, affect both physical and cognitive performance in healthy, trained athletes. The study aims to answer whether these commonly consumed dietary ingredients can enhance strength, endurance, and hand-eye coordination under controlled laboratory conditions.
Researchers will compare four supplementation conditions:
Read more
Caffeine (CAF) - 3 mg per kilogram of body weight L-Theanine (THE) - 200 mg Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine (COM) - same doses together Placebo (CON) - mannitol (inactive substance) Each participant will complete all four test sessions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, with at least 72 hours between sessions. Capsules will be taken 60 minutes before testing to allow time for absorption. During each session, participants will perform a series of physical and cognitive tasks, including maximal isometric strength tests, an intermittent endurance test, and a computerized eye-hand coordination task.
The main hypothesis is that caffeine and L-theanine, alone or in combination, will improve strength and cognitive coordination compared with placebo. All participants are healthy competitive athletes between 18 and 30 years old. The study is conducted under standardized laboratory and indoor sports-hall conditions, with ethics approval obtained from the Sinop University Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. 2025/337).
Read the detailed description
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial investigates the acute effects of caffeine (CAF), L-theanine (THE), their combination (COM), and placebo (CON) supplementation on physical and cognitive performance in young, healthy, competitive athletes. Each participant completed all four experimental conditions in randomized order, separated by a minimum 72-hour washout period to minimize carryover effects. The randomization sequence was computer-generated by an independent researcher, and both participants and assessors were blinded to all conditions.
A total of 20 trained athletes (12 males, 8 females; 19.9 ± 2.4 years) participated. All were actively engaged in team or individual sports at a competitive level, with no history of cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders, and no known intolerance to caffeine, theanine, or placebo components. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected using standardized procedures, including multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants maintained normal caffeine consumption habits to preserve ecological validity and avoid withdrawal effects.
The supplementation protocol consisted of four conditions: (1) 3 mg/kg anhydrous caffeine, (2) 200 mg L-theanine, (3) a combination of both, and (4) placebo (mannitol). All supplements were encapsulated in visually identical gelatin capsules, and participants ingested five capsules with water 60 minutes before testing. Testing sessions were conducted at 09:00 a.m. to minimize circadian variability. Participants abstained from alcohol, strenuous exercise, and dietary supplements for 24 hours before each session, and replicated their pre-trial dietary intake based on 24-hour dietary logs.
All testing sessions were performed under standardized indoor laboratory conditions (22 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 5% humidity). The test sequence was fixed as eye-hand coordination, maximal isometric strength, and intermittent aerobic endurance, with adequate rest intervals between tests.
Primary outcomes included:
Maximal isometric strength, measured via handgrip, back, and leg dynamometry (Lafayette, Japan).
Intermittent aerobic endurance, assessed using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1.
Eye-hand coordination, evaluated using a computerized test battery (EHC) that quantified accuracy, speed, and precision parameters.
A priori power analysis (f = 0.25, α = 0.05, 1-β = 0.80) determined a required sample size of 16 participants; 20 were recruited to allow for potential attrition. All 20 completed the study.
The study protocol was approved by the Sinop University Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. 2025/337), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
This trial aims to clarify whether acute ingestion of caffeine, L-theanine, or their combination exerts differential or synergistic effects on physical strength, endurance, and coordination in trained athletes, thereby contributing to the understanding of combined ergogenic aids in sports performance.
- Conditions
- Cognitive Performance, Physical Performance Enhancement, Caffeine and L-theanine Interaction
- Being tested
- Caffeine, L-theanine, Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine, Placebo
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CaffeineDietary supplement
Participants receive 3 mg of anhydrous caffeine per kilogram of body weight, encapsulated in identical gelatin capsules (five in total). Capsules are taken orally with water 60 minutes before testing. The caffeine powder (98.5% purity, Oxford Vitality Health Co., UK) is administered once per experimental session, with at least 72 hours between conditions.
L-theanineDietary supplement
Participants receive a single 200 mg dose of L-theanine (Orzax Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey; active ingredient manufactured in Germany) encapsulated in identical gelatin capsules. The supplement is ingested orally with water 60 minutes before testing. All testing sessions are separated by at least 72 hours.
Combined Caffeine and L-TheanineDietary supplement
Participants receive a combination of 3 mg/kg anhydrous caffeine and 200 mg L-theanine, encapsulated together in visually identical gelatin capsules. The mixture is taken orally with water 60 minutes before testing to assess potential synergistic effects on performance. Each participant completes all four supplementation conditions in randomized order, separated by ≥72 hours.
PlaceboDietary supplement
Participants receive placebo capsules filled with mannitol, a non-nutritive sugar alcohol with no known ergogenic or ergolytic effects. Capsules are identical in appearance, weight, and texture to the active supplement capsules and are taken orally with water 60 minutes before testing.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine Supplementation (CAF) | Experimental | Participants receive 3 mg of anhydrous caffeine per kilogram of body weight, encapsulated in gelatin capsules identical in appearance to other conditions. Capsules are ingested with water 60 minutes before testing. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Caffeine |
| L-Theanine Supplementation (THE) | Experimental | Participants receive 200 mg of L-theanine (pure L-theanine powder, Orzax Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey), encapsulated in gelatin capsules identical in appearance to other conditions. Capsules are ingested with water 60 minutes before testing. Receives: Dietary Supplement: L-theanine |
| Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine (COM) | Experimental | Participants receive a combination of 3 mg/kg anhydrous caffeine and 200 mg L-theanine, encapsulated together in identical gelatin capsules. Capsules are taken 60 minutes before testing to assess potential synergistic effects on physical and cognitive performance. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine |
| Placebo (CON) | Placebo comparator | Participants receive placebo capsules filled with mannitol, a non-nutritive sugar alcohol with no known ergogenic properties. Capsules are identical in size, color, texture, and weight to the active supplement conditions and are ingested 60 minutes before testing. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total Distance Covered in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 (meters)
Distance (m) completed during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 following standard protocol.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Peak Handgrip Force (kgf)
Highest handgrip force obtained from three maximal voluntary contractions using a calibrated digital dynamometer.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Peak Back Extension Force (kgf)
Highest value from three maximal voluntary contractions measured with a back strength dynamometer.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Peak Leg Extension Force (kgf)
Highest value from three maximal voluntary contractions measured using a leg dynamometer.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Eye-Hand Coordination Accuracy (EHC-A)
Accuracy percentage (%) obtained from the computerized eye-hand coordination test battery.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Eye-Hand Coordination Fast Speed Reaction Time (EHC-FS)
Reaction time (milliseconds) during the fast-speed EHC trial.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Eye-Hand Coordination Slow Speed Reaction Time (EHC-SS)
Reaction time (milliseconds) during the slow-speed EHC trial.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Eye-Hand Coordination Distance From Ball Center (EHC-DFBC)
Mean deviation from target center measured during coordination task.
Measured: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Dec 2025
- Study start1 Aug 2025
- Primary completion14 Aug 2025
- Study completion14 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cognitive PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ulaş Can YILDIRIM
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Ulaş Can YILDIRIM, Sinop University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07268573
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/337
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 18 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 8 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Tuncer SY, Ozdenk S, Yildirim UC, Erkan D, Sari C, Gundem MC, Sar H, Yilmaz B, Karakulak I, Akca F. Acute effects of combined and isolated caffeine and theanine supplementation on physical and cognitive performance in competitive athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Front Nutr. 2026 Jan 26;12:1751673. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1751673. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 41668720
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Acute Effects of Combined and Isolated Caffeine and Theanine Supplementation on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Competitive Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07268573
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025/337
- Conditions
- Cognitive Performance, Physical Performance Enhancement, Caffeine and L-theanine Interaction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ulaş Can YILDIRIMUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this clinical trial is to examine how caffeine and L-theanine, taken alone or together, affect both physical and cognitive performance in healthy, trained athletes. The study aims to answer whether these commonly consumed dietary ingredients can enhance strength, endurance, and hand-eye coordination under controlled laboratory conditions.
Researchers will compare four supplementation conditions:
Caffeine (CAF) - 3 mg per kilogram of body weight L-Theanine (THE) - 200 mg Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine (COM) - same doses together Placebo (CON) - mannitol (inactive substance) Each participant will complete all four test sessions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, with at least 72 hours between sessions. Capsules will be taken 60 minutes before testing to allow time for absorption. During each session, participants will perform a series of physical and cognitive tasks, including maximal isometric strength tests, an intermittent endurance test, and a computerized eye-hand coordination task.
The main hypothesis is that caffeine and L-theanine, alone or in combination, will improve strength and cognitive coordination compared with placebo. All participants are healthy competitive athletes between 18 and 30 years old. The study is conducted under standardized laboratory and indoor sports-hall conditions, with ethics approval obtained from the Sinop University Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. 2025/337).
Detailed description
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial investigates the acute effects of caffeine (CAF), L-theanine (THE), their combination (COM), and placebo (CON) supplementation on physical and cognitive performance in young, healthy, competitive athletes. Each participant completed all four experimental conditions in randomized order, separated by a minimum 72-hour washout period to minimize carryover effects. The randomization sequence was computer-generated by an independent researcher, and both participants and assessors were blinded to all conditions.
A total of 20 trained athletes (12 males, 8 females; 19.9 ± 2.4 years) participated. All were actively engaged in team or individual sports at a competitive level, with no history of cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders, and no known intolerance to caffeine, theanine, or placebo components. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected using standardized procedures, including multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants maintained normal caffeine consumption habits to preserve ecological validity and avoid withdrawal effects.
The supplementation protocol consisted of four conditions: (1) 3 mg/kg anhydrous caffeine, (2) 200 mg L-theanine, (3) a combination of both, and (4) placebo (mannitol). All supplements were encapsulated in visually identical gelatin capsules, and participants ingested five capsules with water 60 minutes before testing. Testing sessions were conducted at 09:00 a.m. to minimize circadian variability. Participants abstained from alcohol, strenuous exercise, and dietary supplements for 24 hours before each session, and replicated their pre-trial dietary intake based on 24-hour dietary logs.
All testing sessions were performed under standardized indoor laboratory conditions (22 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 5% humidity). The test sequence was fixed as eye-hand coordination, maximal isometric strength, and intermittent aerobic endurance, with adequate rest intervals between tests.
Primary outcomes included:
Maximal isometric strength, measured via handgrip, back, and leg dynamometry (Lafayette, Japan).
Intermittent aerobic endurance, assessed using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1.
Eye-hand coordination, evaluated using a computerized test battery (EHC) that quantified accuracy, speed, and precision parameters.
A priori power analysis (f = 0.25, α = 0.05, 1-β = 0.80) determined a required sample size of 16 participants; 20 were recruited to allow for potential attrition. All 20 completed the study.
The study protocol was approved by the Sinop University Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. 2025/337), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
This trial aims to clarify whether acute ingestion of caffeine, L-theanine, or their combination exerts differential or synergistic effects on physical strength, endurance, and coordination in trained athletes, thereby contributing to the understanding of combined ergogenic aids in sports performance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine Supplementation (CAF) | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: CaffeineParticipants receive 3 mg of anhydrous caffeine per kilogram of body weight, encapsulated in gelatin capsules identical in appearance to other conditions. Capsules are ingested with water 60 minutes before testing. |
| L-Theanine Supplementation (THE) | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: L-theanineParticipants receive 200 mg of L-theanine (pure L-theanine powder, Orzax Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey), encapsulated in gelatin capsules identical in appearance to other conditions. Capsules are ingested with water 60 minutes before testing. |
| Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine (COM) | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Combined Caffeine and L-TheanineParticipants receive a combination of 3 mg/kg anhydrous caffeine and 200 mg L-theanine, encapsulated together in identical gelatin capsules. Capsules are taken 60 minutes before testing to assess potential synergistic effects on physical and cognitive performance. |
| Placebo (CON) | Placebo comparator | Dietary Supplement: PlaceboParticipants receive placebo capsules filled with mannitol, a non-nutritive sugar alcohol with no known ergogenic properties. Capsules are identical in size, color, texture, and weight to the active supplement conditions and are ingested 60 minutes before testing. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Active participation in individual or team sports at a competitive level
- Age between [insert range, e.g., 18-30] years
- Absence of any known medical or metabolic disorder
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders within the past 12 months
- Known intolerance or hypersensitivity to caffeine or theanine
- Allergy to mannitol or other excipients used in capsule formulation
- Current use of prescription medications
- Physician-directed restriction of caffeine or theanine consumption.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CaffeineParticipants receive 3 mg of anhydrous caffeine per kilogram of body weight, encapsulated in identical gelatin capsules (five in total). Capsules are taken orally with water 60 minutes before testing. The caffeine powder (98.5% purity, Oxford Vitality Health Co., UK) is administered once per experimental session, with at least 72 hours between conditions. | Dietary supplement | Caffeine Supplementation (CAF) |
| L-theanineParticipants receive a single 200 mg dose of L-theanine (Orzax Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey; active ingredient manufactured in Germany) encapsulated in identical gelatin capsules. The supplement is ingested orally with water 60 minutes before testing. All testing sessions are separated by at least 72 hours. | Dietary supplement | L-Theanine Supplementation (THE) |
| Combined Caffeine and L-TheanineParticipants receive a combination of 3 mg/kg anhydrous caffeine and 200 mg L-theanine, encapsulated together in visually identical gelatin capsules. The mixture is taken orally with water 60 minutes before testing to assess potential synergistic effects on performance. Each participant completes all four supplementation conditions in randomized order, separated by ≥72 hours. | Dietary supplement | Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine (COM) |
| PlaceboParticipants receive placebo capsules filled with mannitol, a non-nutritive sugar alcohol with no known ergogenic or ergolytic effects. Capsules are identical in appearance, weight, and texture to the active supplement capsules and are taken orally with water 60 minutes before testing. | Dietary supplement | Placebo (CON) |
Primary outcome
Total Distance Covered in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 (meters)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Distance (m) completed during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 following standard protocol.
Peak Handgrip Force (kgf)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Highest handgrip force obtained from three maximal voluntary contractions using a calibrated digital dynamometer.
Peak Back Extension Force (kgf)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Highest value from three maximal voluntary contractions measured with a back strength dynamometer.
Peak Leg Extension Force (kgf)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Highest value from three maximal voluntary contractions measured using a leg dynamometer.
Eye-Hand Coordination Accuracy (EHC-A)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Accuracy percentage (%) obtained from the computerized eye-hand coordination test battery.
Eye-Hand Coordination Fast Speed Reaction Time (EHC-FS)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Reaction time (milliseconds) during the fast-speed EHC trial.
Eye-Hand Coordination Slow Speed Reaction Time (EHC-SS)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Reaction time (milliseconds) during the slow-speed EHC trial.
Eye-Hand Coordination Distance From Ball Center (EHC-DFBC)
Time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.
Mean deviation from target center measured during coordination task.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Dec 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41668720Tuncer SY, Ozdenk S, Yildirim UC, Erkan D, Sari C, Gundem MC, Sar H, Yilmaz B, Karakulak I, Akca F. Acute effects of combined and isolated caffeine and theanine supplementation on physical and cognitive performance in competitive athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Front Nutr. 2026 Jan 26;12:1751673. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1751673. eCollection 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Caffeine, L-theanine and Combined Caffeine and L-Theanine in people with Cognitive Performance and Physical Performance Enhancement, run by Ulaş Can YILDIRIM at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total Distance Covered in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 (meters) (time frame: 60 minutes post-supplement ingestion.). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07268573, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Dec 2025.