Facial Bone FractureNCT07280533
Accuracy of Virtual Surgical Planning Versus Traditional Technique in Zygomaticomaxillary Fracture Reduction
A study testing Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printing, Prebent titanium miniplates and Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in people with Facial Bone Fracture and Maxillofacial Injury, run by Suez Canal University at 1 site in Egypt.
Trial summary
This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the accuracy and outcomes of virtual surgical planning (VSP) compared to the traditional surgical technique in the reduction of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Facial Bone Fracture, Maxillofacial Injury, Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture
- What is being tested?
- Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printing, Prebent titanium miniplates and Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteEgypt
- Study dates
- 25 Dec 2025to 1 Nov 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults (≥18 years) with clinically and radiographically confirmed ZMC fracture.
- Fit for general anesthesia and able to undergo CT imaging.
- Willing to sign informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Systemic diseases impairing bone healing (osteoporosis, cancer, long-term steroid use).
- Noncompliance or inability to attend follow-up visits.
- ASA class IV-VI.
- Previous facial deformities or fractures.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Egypt1 site
Suez Canal University
Cairo
+201127152090, hossax20@gmail.com
+201145007231, pgs.240089@dent.suez.edu.eg
About this study
Official title: Accuracy of Virtual Surgical Planning in Reduction of Zygomatico-Maxillary Fractures A Randomized Clinical Controlled Study
This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the accuracy and outcomes of virtual surgical planning (VSP) compared to the traditional surgical technique in the reduction of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Twenty patients with ZMC fractures will be randomly assigned into two equal groups: one treated using virtual planning and prebent titanium miniplates, and the other treated conventionally without virtual planning. Clinical evaluation will include facial symmetry, eye movement, and postoperative complications, while radiographic assessment will be performed using CT scans three months after surgery to measure bone formation and alignment accuracy. The study seeks to determine whether virtual surgical planning improves anatomical restoration, esthetics, and functional outcomes compared to traditional methods.
Read the detailed description
Background:
The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) is one of the most frequently fractured regions of the facial skeleton due to its prominent anatomical position. Improper reduction can lead to functional impairment, facial asymmetry, and poor esthetic results. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing have recently been introduced to enhance surgical precision through preoperative simulation and prebending of fixation plates. However, the clinical superiority of this technique over traditional surgical methods remains under investigation.
Objective:
To compare the accuracy and clinical outcomes of virtual surgical planning and prebent titanium miniplates versus conventional open reduction and internal fixation techniques in the management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.
Methods:
This randomized clinical trial will include 20 patients diagnosed with unilateral ZMC fractures, divided equally into two groups.
Group I: Patients treated using virtual surgical planning with 3D model reconstruction, virtual reduction, and prebending of titanium miniplates.
Group II: Patients treated using traditional open reduction and fixation without virtual planning.
All surgeries will be performed under general anesthesia using standard approaches. Clinical evaluation will include assessment of facial symmetry, eye movement, enophthalmos, diplopia, wound healing, and postoperative complications. Radiographic evaluation will be conducted by comparing postoperative 3D CT scans (after 3 months) with preoperative virtual models to assess reduction accuracy and bone formation.
Statistical Analysis:
Data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics will be presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent t-tests and ANOVA will be used to compare outcomes between groups, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Expected Outcomes:
It is anticipated that virtual surgical planning will yield superior anatomical accuracy, improved facial symmetry, and reduced intraoperative time and complications compared to conventional techniques.
Ethical Approval:
Approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, on 30 September 2025 (Board Status: Approved).
Study Start Date: October 2025 Estimated Completion Date: October 2026
- Being tested
- Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printing, Prebent titanium miniplates, Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), Titanium miniplates and screws (Anton Hipp)
- Keywords
- Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, ZMC fracture, Virtual surgical planning, 3D printing, Prebent titanium miniplates, Facial symmetry, Computer-assisted surgery, CT evaluation, Traditional surgical method
- Medical subject headings
- Maxillofacial Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printingProcedure or surgery
Preoperative CT segmentation, virtual reduction of fracture fragments using 3D planning software, and printing of the reduced 3D anatomical model for plate prebending.
Prebent titanium miniplatesDevice
Titanium miniplates prebent on the printed model and used for rigid internal fixation at standard zygomatic fixation points (frontozygomatic suture, infraorbital rim, zygomaticomaxillary buttress) as indicated.
Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)Procedure or surgery
Standard surgical exposure and manual reduction of fracture fragments with intraoperative confirmation of alignment, followed by contouring and application of titanium miniplates and screws for fixation.
Titanium miniplates and screws (Anton Hipp)Device
Surgeon-contoured titanium miniplates applied intraoperatively at the necessary fixation points.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) - Prebent Miniplates | Experimental | Patients allocated to this arm will undergo preoperative CT segmentation and 3D reconstruction, virtual reduction of the zygomaticomaxillary complex, and 3D printing of the reduced model. Titanium miniplates will be prebent on the 3D printed model before surgery. Surgical fixation will then be performed under general anesthesia using the prebent titanium miniplates. Receives: Procedure: Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printing; Device: Prebent titanium miniplates |
| Traditional Open Reduction and Fixation | Active comparator | Patients allocated to this arm will undergo conventional open reduction and internal fixation of the ZMC fracture under general anesthesia without prior virtual surgical planning or 3D-printed models. Titanium miniplates will be contoured intraoperatively by the surgical team and used for fixation at the appropriate sites. Receives: Procedure: Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); Device: Titanium miniplates and screws (Anton Hipp) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Accuracy of Fracture Reduction
Measurement of the 3D linear discrepancy (in millimeters) between the postoperative CT model and the preoperative virtual reduction model using surface-based 3D superimposition (color-map deviation analysis). The mean deviation (mm) will be automatically calculated by the 3D analysis software.
Measured: 3 months postoperatively
Secondary outcomes (5)
Facial symmetry
Measurement of midline deviation and the distance (mm) from facial midline to the most lateral point of the malar eminence on both sides using standardized frontal photographs. Symmetry is expressed as the absolute difference in millimeters.
Measured: 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively
Eye Movement (Diplopia in Gaze Positions)
Number of the 9 standard gaze positions in which the participant reports diplopia during clinical examination. The examiner will assess ocular motility in primary position, up gaze, down gaze, right gaze, left gaze, and the 4 oblique gaze positions. Diplopia will be recorded as present or absent in each position, producing a total score from 0 to 9.
Measured: 1 week and 3 months postoperatively
Postoperative Complications
Number of participants developing postoperative complications including infection, wound dehiscence, trismus, or sensory deficit. Each complication will be recorded as "yes/no" for each patient.
Measured: Up to 3 months postoperatively
Surgical Time
Total duration of surgery recorded in minutes from initial incision to final wound closure using the operating room timing system.
Measured: Intraoperative (single measurement)
Bone Healing
Radiographic assessment of bone healing using postoperative CT. Bone union will be scored using a standardized 4-point CT bone healing scale (0 = no healing, 3 = complete cortical continuity).
Measured: 3 months postoperatively
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Dec 2025
- Study start25 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Nov 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Facial Bone FractureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- clinical trial compares two different surgical approaches for treating zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures): Experimental Arm (Group I): Virtual surgical planning (VSP) with 3D model printing and prebent titanium miniplates. Active Comparator Arm (Group II): Traditional open reduction and fixation without virtual planning or prebent plates.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Suez Canal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Suez canal university hospitals
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, hossam shaban, Suez Canal University
- Investigators
- Hossam Shaban El Fadly, principle investigator, Principal investigator, Suez Canal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07280533
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1002/2025
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 14 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Longeac M, Depeyre A, Pereira B, Barthelemy I, Pham Dang N. Virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional printing for the treatment of comminuted zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Sep;122(4):386-390. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.05.009. Epub 2020 May 18.
PubMed 32439600Abdul Lateef Hassan T, Abbood Mohammed D. Virtual Surgical Planning and 3-Dimensional Printing for the Treatment of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex and/or Orbital Fracture. J Craniofac Surg. 2023 May 1;34(3):e218-e222. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009056. Epub 2022 Oct 11.
PubMed 36217233Committeri U, Magliulo R, Carraturo E, Arena A, Abbate V, Salzano G, Troise S, Barone S, Germano C, Vaira LA, Giovacchini F, Cataldo R, Grassia MG, Califano L, Piombino P. Virtual surgical planning in tripod zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures: A prospective comparison between two different strategies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2024 Dec;52(12):1497-1504. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.08.020. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
PubMed 39349348Dubron K, Van Camp P, Jacobs R, Politis C, Shaheen E. Accuracy of virtual planning and intraoperative navigation in zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures: A systematic review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Nov;123(6):e841-e848. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.07.003. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
PubMed 35809796
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Accuracy of Virtual Surgical Planning in Reduction of Zygomatico-Maxillary Fractures A Randomized Clinical Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07280533
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1002/2025
- Keywords
- Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, ZMC fracture, Virtual surgical planning, 3D printing, Prebent titanium miniplates, Facial symmetry, Computer-assisted surgery, CT evaluation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Suez Canal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Suez canal university hospitals
- Study start
- 25 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the accuracy and outcomes of virtual surgical planning (VSP) compared to the traditional surgical technique in the reduction of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Twenty patients with ZMC fractures will be randomly assigned into two equal groups: one treated using virtual planning and prebent titanium miniplates, and the other treated conventionally without virtual planning. Clinical evaluation will include facial symmetry, eye movement, and postoperative complications, while radiographic assessment will be performed using CT scans three months after surgery to measure bone formation and alignment accuracy. The study seeks to determine whether virtual surgical planning improves anatomical restoration, esthetics, and functional outcomes compared to traditional methods.
Detailed description
Background:
The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) is one of the most frequently fractured regions of the facial skeleton due to its prominent anatomical position. Improper reduction can lead to functional impairment, facial asymmetry, and poor esthetic results. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing have recently been introduced to enhance surgical precision through preoperative simulation and prebending of fixation plates. However, the clinical superiority of this technique over traditional surgical methods remains under investigation.
Objective:
To compare the accuracy and clinical outcomes of virtual surgical planning and prebent titanium miniplates versus conventional open reduction and internal fixation techniques in the management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures.
Methods:
This randomized clinical trial will include 20 patients diagnosed with unilateral ZMC fractures, divided equally into two groups.
Group I: Patients treated using virtual surgical planning with 3D model reconstruction, virtual reduction, and prebending of titanium miniplates.
Group II: Patients treated using traditional open reduction and fixation without virtual planning.
All surgeries will be performed under general anesthesia using standard approaches. Clinical evaluation will include assessment of facial symmetry, eye movement, enophthalmos, diplopia, wound healing, and postoperative complications. Radiographic evaluation will be conducted by comparing postoperative 3D CT scans (after 3 months) with preoperative virtual models to assess reduction accuracy and bone formation.
Statistical Analysis:
Data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics will be presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent t-tests and ANOVA will be used to compare outcomes between groups, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Expected Outcomes:
It is anticipated that virtual surgical planning will yield superior anatomical accuracy, improved facial symmetry, and reduced intraoperative time and complications compared to conventional techniques.
Ethical Approval:
Approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, on 30 September 2025 (Board Status: Approved).
Study Start Date: October 2025 Estimated Completion Date: October 2026
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- clinical trial compares two different surgical approaches for treating zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures): Experimental Arm (Group I): Virtual surgical planning (VSP) with 3D model printing and prebent titanium miniplates. Active Comparator Arm (Group II): Traditional open reduction and fixation without virtual planning or prebent plates.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) - Prebent Miniplates | Experimental | Procedure: Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printing, Device: Prebent titanium miniplatesPatients allocated to this arm will undergo preoperative CT segmentation and 3D reconstruction, virtual reduction of the zygomaticomaxillary complex, and 3D printing of the reduced model. Titanium miniplates will be prebent on the 3D printed model before surgery. Surgical fixation will then be performed under general anesthesia using the prebent titanium miniplates. |
| Traditional Open Reduction and Fixation | Active comparator | Procedure: Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), Device: Titanium miniplates and screws (Anton Hipp)Patients allocated to this arm will undergo conventional open reduction and internal fixation of the ZMC fracture under general anesthesia without prior virtual surgical planning or 3D-printed models. Titanium miniplates will be contoured intraoperatively by the surgical team and used for fixation at the appropriate sites. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Adults (≥18 years) with clinically and radiographically confirmed ZMC fracture.
- Fit for general anesthesia and able to undergo CT imaging.
- Willing to sign informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Systemic diseases impairing bone healing (osteoporosis, cancer, long-term steroid use).
- Noncompliance or inability to attend follow-up visits.
- ASA class IV-VI.
- Previous facial deformities or fractures.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printingPreoperative CT segmentation, virtual reduction of fracture fragments using 3D planning software, and printing of the reduced 3D anatomical model for plate prebending. | Procedure or surgery | Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) - Prebent Miniplates |
| Prebent titanium miniplatesTitanium miniplates prebent on the printed model and used for rigid internal fixation at standard zygomatic fixation points (frontozygomatic suture, infraorbital rim, zygomaticomaxillary buttress) as indicated. | Device | Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) - Prebent Miniplates |
| Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)Standard surgical exposure and manual reduction of fracture fragments with intraoperative confirmation of alignment, followed by contouring and application of titanium miniplates and screws for fixation. | Procedure or surgery | Traditional Open Reduction and Fixation |
| Titanium miniplates and screws (Anton Hipp)Surgeon-contoured titanium miniplates applied intraoperatively at the necessary fixation points. | Device | Traditional Open Reduction and Fixation |
Primary outcome
Accuracy of Fracture Reduction
Time frame: 3 months postoperatively
Measurement of the 3D linear discrepancy (in millimeters) between the postoperative CT model and the preoperative virtual reduction model using surface-based 3D superimposition (color-map deviation analysis). The mean deviation (mm) will be automatically calculated by the 3D analysis software.
5 secondary outcomes
Facial symmetry
Time frame: 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively
Eye Movement (Diplopia in Gaze Positions)
Time frame: 1 week and 3 months postoperatively
Postoperative Complications
Time frame: Up to 3 months postoperatively
Surgical Time
Time frame: Intraoperative (single measurement)
Bone Healing
Time frame: 3 months postoperatively
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Dec 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 32439600Longeac M, Depeyre A, Pereira B, Barthelemy I, Pham Dang N. Virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional printing for the treatment of comminuted zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Sep;122(4):386-390. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.05.009. Epub 2020 May 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 36217233Abdul Lateef Hassan T, Abbood Mohammed D. Virtual Surgical Planning and 3-Dimensional Printing for the Treatment of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex and/or Orbital Fracture. J Craniofac Surg. 2023 May 1;34(3):e218-e222. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009056. Epub 2022 Oct 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 39349348Committeri U, Magliulo R, Carraturo E, Arena A, Abbate V, Salzano G, Troise S, Barone S, Germano C, Vaira LA, Giovacchini F, Cataldo R, Grassia MG, Califano L, Piombino P. Virtual surgical planning in tripod zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures: A prospective comparison between two different strategies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2024 Dec;52(12):1497-1504. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.08.020. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 35809796Dubron K, Van Camp P, Jacobs R, Politis C, Shaheen E. Accuracy of virtual planning and intraoperative navigation in zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures: A systematic review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Nov;123(6):e841-e848. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.07.003. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Hossam Shaban El Fadly, principle investigator principal investigator
Suez Canal University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual surgical planning and 3D model printing, Prebent titanium miniplates and Conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in people with Facial Bone Fracture and Maxillofacial Injury, run by Suez Canal University at 1 site in Egypt.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Egypt. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Each site lists its own contact: choose the nearest one under Trial locations. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Accuracy of Fracture Reduction (time frame: 3 months postoperatively). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07280533, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Dec 2025.