Attitude of Health PersonnelNCT07296380
Manual Therapy Behavior Scale in Physiotherapists
An observational study of Attitude of Health Personnel, run by Uşak University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to develop a scale to assess the manual therapy application behaviors of physiotherapists in Türkiye, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). A literature-based item pool will be created, and expert opinion (Delphi method) will be obtained to ensure content validity. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 22 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Attitude of Health Personnel
- How many people
- 300 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Dec 2025to 25 Mar 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 22 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population for this study consists of healthy adult physiotherapists actively working in public or private healthcare institutions or university hospitals in Turkey. Participants are expected to have basic training in manual therapy or clinical practice experience. Data collection will be conducted online, and participation is entirely voluntary. No medical interventions will be administered; data will be collected solely through a self-report questionnaire.
Who may be able to join
- Be actively working as a physiotherapist in Turkey (public/private hospital, university hospital, private clinic, etc.)
- Have received basic training in manual therapy or have clinical practice experience
- Be a healthy adult aged 22 or over
- Be able to read and understand Turkish (the survey language is Turkish)
- Agree to participate in the study voluntarily and provide individual informed consent
Who cannot join
- Professionals working in healthcare fields other than physiotherapy
- Physiotherapists without manual therapy experience
- Participants who complete the survey form incompletely, incorrectly, inconsistently, or provide duplicate entries
- Individuals who refuse to provide informed consent
- Individuals who withdraw their voluntary consent during the research process
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Development of a Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale Among Physiotherapists: A Validity and Reliability Study
The aim of this study is to develop a scale to assess the manual therapy application behaviors of physiotherapists in Türkiye, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). A literature-based item pool will be created, and expert opinion (Delphi method) will be obtained to ensure content validity. The final scale will be administered online to physiotherapists, and construct validity and reliability analyses will be conducted. The study aims to contribute scientifically to the determination of manual therapy application behaviors in physiotherapy practices, the understanding of clinical decision-making processes, and the measurement of behavioral intention. No risks were anticipated for the participants, and data collection was voluntary.
Read the detailed description
Manual therapy is an evidence-based intervention method based on manual techniques widely used by physiotherapists in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, clinicians' decisions to implement manual therapy are influenced by multidimensional factors such as personal attitudes, professional beliefs, institutional policies, educational experiences, and the culture of clinical practice. The use of behavior-based theoretical models is recommended to evaluate these factors together.
The Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) is a powerful approach that explains individuals' intentions to perform a specific behavior through variables such as attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. Although this theory is frequently used to understand the clinical decision-making processes of healthcare professionals, there is no valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkey for measuring behavior toward manual therapy practices.
This study will develop a new scale adapted to Turkish culture to assess physiotherapists' manual therapy practices in a theoretically based manner. The research will consist of three phases:
Item Development Phase:
The item pool generated through the literature review will be presented to expert physiotherapists.
Expert Panel/Delphi Phase:
Experts will evaluate the items based on content validity, and items will be revised or removed based on consensus. In this phase, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) will be evaluated.
Statistical Analysis Phase:
The final scale will be administered online to physical therapists.
- Conditions
- Attitude of Health Personnel
- Keywords
- Physical Therapy Specialty, Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Surveys and Questionnaires
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Phsysiotherapists | Healthy adult physiotherapists who are actively working in public or private healthcare institutions or university clinics in Turkey and have received training or basic practical experience in manual therapy. Participation is voluntary, and no clinical intervention will be performed. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale for Physiotherapists
"Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale in Physiotherapists" is a 7-point Likert-type (1 = Strongly disagree, 7 = Strongly agree) self-report scale developed based on Ajzen's Planned Behavior Theory. Higher scores reflect more positive attitudes, stronger subjective norms, higher perceived behavioral control, and higher behavioral intentions among physical therapists toward manual therapy. Construct validity will be assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), item-total correlations, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis.
Measured: One-time evaluation during the data collection period
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Dec 2025
- Study start25 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion25 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion25 Mar 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Attitude of Health PersonnelStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 300 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Uşak University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Pamukkale University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07296380
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- E-60116787-020-789576
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 8 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 22 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Because data is collected entirely on a voluntary basis, protecting participant privacy is a priority. Therefore, there are no plans to share Individual Participant Data (IPD) with third parties.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Development of a Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale Among Physiotherapists: A Validity and Reliability Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07296380
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- E-60116787-020-789576
- Conditions
- Attitude of Health Personnel
- Keywords
- Physical Therapy Specialty, Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 300 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Uşak UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Pamukkale University
- Study start
- 25 Dec 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 25 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 25 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to develop a scale to assess the manual therapy application behaviors of physiotherapists in Türkiye, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). A literature-based item pool will be created, and expert opinion (Delphi method) will be obtained to ensure content validity. The final scale will be administered online to physiotherapists, and construct validity and reliability analyses will be conducted. The study aims to contribute scientifically to the determination of manual therapy application behaviors in physiotherapy practices, the understanding of clinical decision-making processes, and the measurement of behavioral intention. No risks were anticipated for the participants, and data collection was voluntary.
Detailed description
Manual therapy is an evidence-based intervention method based on manual techniques widely used by physiotherapists in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, clinicians' decisions to implement manual therapy are influenced by multidimensional factors such as personal attitudes, professional beliefs, institutional policies, educational experiences, and the culture of clinical practice. The use of behavior-based theoretical models is recommended to evaluate these factors together.
The Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) is a powerful approach that explains individuals' intentions to perform a specific behavior through variables such as attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. Although this theory is frequently used to understand the clinical decision-making processes of healthcare professionals, there is no valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkey for measuring behavior toward manual therapy practices.
This study will develop a new scale adapted to Turkish culture to assess physiotherapists' manual therapy practices in a theoretically based manner. The research will consist of three phases:
Item Development Phase:
The item pool generated through the literature review will be presented to expert physiotherapists.
Expert Panel/Delphi Phase:
Experts will evaluate the items based on content validity, and items will be revised or removed based on consensus. In this phase, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) will be evaluated.
Statistical Analysis Phase:
The final scale will be administered online to physical therapists.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Phsysiotherapists | – | –Healthy adult physiotherapists who are actively working in public or private healthcare institutions or university clinics in Turkey and have received training or basic practical experience in manual therapy. Participation is voluntary, and no clinical intervention will be performed. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 22 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study population for this study consists of healthy adult physiotherapists actively working in public or private healthcare institutions or university hospitals in Turkey. Participants are expected to have basic training in manual therapy or clinical practice experience. Data collection will be conducted online, and participation is entirely voluntary. No medical interventions will be administered; data will be collected solely through a self-report questionnaire.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Be actively working as a physiotherapist in Turkey (public/private hospital, university hospital, private clinic, etc.)
- Have received basic training in manual therapy or have clinical practice experience
- Be a healthy adult aged 22 or over
- Be able to read and understand Turkish (the survey language is Turkish)
- Agree to participate in the study voluntarily and provide individual informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Professionals working in healthcare fields other than physiotherapy
- Physiotherapists without manual therapy experience
- Participants who complete the survey form incompletely, incorrectly, inconsistently, or provide duplicate entries
- Individuals who refuse to provide informed consent
- Individuals who withdraw their voluntary consent during the research process
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale for Physiotherapists
Time frame: One-time evaluation during the data collection period
"Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale in Physiotherapists" is a 7-point Likert-type (1 = Strongly disagree, 7 = Strongly agree) self-report scale developed based on Ajzen's Planned Behavior Theory. Higher scores reflect more positive attitudes, stronger subjective norms, higher perceived behavioral control, and higher behavioral intentions among physical therapists toward manual therapy. Construct validity will be assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), item-total correlations, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Because data is collected entirely on a voluntary basis, protecting participant privacy is a priority. Therefore, there are no plans to share Individual Participant Data (IPD) with third parties.
Related trials for Attitude of Health Personnel
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Factors Influencing Adoption of a Novel Malaria Treatment in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Rwanda
Malaria
Not yet recruiting
Health Care Professionals Diet App Study
Nutrition Education
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Healthcare Providers' Attitudes Toward Oncology Patients With Mental Disorders
Stigma of Mental Illness, Cancer
Enrolling by invitation
Attitudes, Experience and Adaptation to Family Presence in the ICU
ICU Staff Attitudes Toward Family Presence, ICU Staff Experience of Family Presence
Recruiting
Facilitation to Increase Tobacco Treatment
Serious Mental Illness, Tobacco Use Disorder
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Attitude of Health Personnel, run by Uşak University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Manual Therapy Application Behavior Scale for Physiotherapists (time frame: One-time evaluation during the data collection period). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Dec 2025.